The Lancet. Global health最新文献

{"title":"Estimated global and regional causes of deaths from diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years during 2000-21: a systematic review and Bayesian multinomial analysis.","authors":"Robert E Black, Jamie Perin, Diana Yeung, Tushara Rajeev, Jacob Miller, Sarah E. Elwood, James A. Platts-Mills","doi":"10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00078-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00078-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":"88 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140768613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vector control for malaria prevention during humanitarian emergencies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"L. Messenger, Joanna Furnival-Adams, Kallista Chan, Bethanie Pelloquin, Laura Paris, M. Rowland","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4019340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4019340","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Humanitarian emergencies can lead to population displacement, food insecurity, severe health system disruptions, and malaria epidemics among individuals who are immunologically naive. We aimed to assess the impact of different vector control interventions on malaria disease burden during humanitarian emergencies.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched ten electronic databases and two clinical trial registries from database inception to Oct 19, 2020, with no restrictions on language or study design. We also searched grey literature from 59 stakeholders. Studies were eligible if the population was affected by a humanitarian emergency in a malaria endemic region. We included studies assessing any vector control intervention and in which the primary outcome of interest was malaria infection risk. Reviewers (LAM, JF-A, KC, BP, and LP) independently extracted information from eligible studies, without masking of author or publication, into a database. We did random-effects meta-analyses to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) for randomised controlled trials, odds ratios (ORs) for dichotomous outcomes, and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for clinical malaria in non-randomised studies. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020214961.\u0000\u0000\u0000FINDINGS\u0000Of 12 475 studies screened, 22 studies were eligible for inclusion in our meta-analysis. All studies were conducted between Sept 1, 1989, and Dec 31, 2018, in chronic emergencies, with 616 611 participants from nine countries, evaluating seven different vector control interventions. Insecticide-treated nets significantly decreased Plasmodium falciparum incidence (RR 0·55 [95% CI 0·37-0·79]; high certainty) and Plasmodium vivax incidence (RR 0·69 [0·51-0·94]; high certainty). Evidence for an effect of indoor residual spraying on P falciparum (IRR 0·57 [95% CI 0·53-0·61]) and P vivax (IRR 0·51 [0·49-0·52]) incidence was of very low certainty. Topical repellents were associated with reductions in malaria infection (RR 0·58 [0·35-0·97]; moderate certainty). Moderate-to-high certainty evidence for an effect of insecticide-treated chaddars (equivalent to shawls or blankets) and insecticide-treated cattle on malaria outcomes was evident in some emergency settings. There was very low certainty evidence for the effect of insecticide-treated clothing.\u0000\u0000\u0000INTERPRETATION\u0000Study findings strengthen and support WHO policy recommendations to deploy insecticide-treated nets during chronic humanitarian emergencies. There is an urgent need to evaluate and adopt novel interventions for malaria control in the acute phase of humanitarian emergencies.\u0000\u0000\u0000FUNDING\u0000WHO Global Malaria Programme.","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127042179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Lancet Glob Health 2022; published online Oct 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00433-8.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00469-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00469-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1714"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40665982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision making in global health: is everyone on board?","authors":"The Lancet Global Health","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00426-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00426-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1534"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9553243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33511510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The causes of preterm neonatal deaths in India and Pakistan (PURPOSe): a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Sangappa M Dhaded,&nbsp;Sarah Saleem,&nbsp;Shivaprasad S Goudar,&nbsp;Shiyam Sunder Tikmani,&nbsp;Kay Hwang,&nbsp;Gowdar Guruprasad,&nbsp;Gayathri H Aradhya,&nbsp;Varun B Kusagur,&nbsp;Lingaraja Gowda C Patil,&nbsp;S Yogeshkumar,&nbsp;Manjunath S Somannavar,&nbsp;Sayyeda Reza,&nbsp;Sana Roujani,&nbsp;Jamal Raza,&nbsp;Haleema Yasmin,&nbsp;Anna Aceituno,&nbsp;Lindsay Parlberg,&nbsp;Jean Kim,&nbsp;Janet Moore,&nbsp;Carla M Bann,&nbsp;Robert M Silver,&nbsp;Robert L Goldenberg,&nbsp;Elizabeth M McClure","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00384-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00384-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preterm birth remains the major cause of neonatal death worldwide. South Asia contributes disproportionately to deaths among preterm births worldwide, yet few population-based studies have assessed the underlying causes of deaths. Novel evaluations, including histological and bacteriological assessments of placental and fetal tissues, facilitate more precise determination of the underlying causes of preterm deaths. We sought to assess underlying and contributing causes of preterm neonatal deaths in India and Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The project to understand and research preterm pregnancy outcomes and stillbirths in South Asia (PURPOSe) was a prospective cohort study done in three hospitals in Davangere, India, and two hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. All pregnant females older than 14 years were screened at the time of presentation for delivery, and those with an expected or known preterm birth, defined as less than 37 weeks of gestation, were enrolled. Liveborn neonates with a weight of 1000 g or more who died by 28 days after birth were included in analyses. Placentas were collected and histologically evaluated. In addition, among all neonatal deaths, with consent, minimally invasive tissue sampling was performed for histological analyses. PCR testing was performed to assess microbial pathogens in the placental, blood, and fetal tissues collected. An independent panel reviewed available data, including clinical description of the case and all clinical maternal, fetal, and placental findings, and results of PCR bacteriological investigation and minimally invasive tissue sampling histology, from all eligible preterm neonates to determine the primary and contributing maternal, placental, and neonatal causes of death.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between July 1, 2018, and March 26, 2020, of the 3470 preterm neonates enrolled, 804 (23%) died by 28 days after birth, and, of those, 615 were eligible and had their cases reviewed by the panel. Primary maternal causes of neonatal death were hypertensive disease (204 [33%] of 615 cases), followed by maternal complication of pregnancy (76 [12%]) and preterm labour (76 [11%]), whereas the primary placental causes were maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion (172 [28%] of 615) and chorioamnionitis, funisitis, or both (149 [26%]). The primary neonatal cause of death was intrauterine hypoxia (212 [34%] of 615) followed by congenital infections (126 [20%]), neonatal infections (122 [20%]), and respiratory distress syndrome (126 [20%]).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>In south Asia, intrauterine hypoxia and congenital infections were the major causes of neonatal death among preterm babies. Maternal hypertensive disorders and placental disorders, especially maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion and placental abruption, substantially contributed to these deaths.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.</p>","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1575-e1581"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9579353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33539338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Announcing the Lancet Global Health Commission on medical oxygen security.","authors":"Freddy Eric Kitutu,&nbsp;Ahmed Ehanur Rahman,&nbsp;Hamish Graham,&nbsp;Carina King,&nbsp;Shams El Arifeen,&nbsp;Freddie Ssengooba,&nbsp;Leith Greenslade,&nbsp;Zoë Mullan","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00407-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00407-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1551-e1552"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40376423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding realistic solutions to NTD target delays.","authors":"Antonio Montresor, Albis Francesco Gabrielli","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00427-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00427-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1541-e1542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9553193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33511514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effect of measles and rubella mass vaccination campaigns on seroprevalence in India: a before-and-after cross-sectional household serosurvey in four districts, 2018-2020.","authors":"Manoj V Murhekar, Nivedita Gupta, Alvira Z Hasan, Muthusamy Santhosh Kumar, V Saravana Kumar, Christine Prosperi, Gajanan N Sapkal, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Ojas Kaduskar, Vaishali Bhatt, Gururaj Rao Deshpande, Ullas Padinjaremattathil Thankappan, Avi Kumar Bansal, Sanjay L Chauhan, Gangandeep Singh Grover, Arun Kumar Jain, Ragini N Kulkarni, Santanu Kumar Sharma, Itta K Chaaithanya, Sanchit Kharwal, Sunil K Mishra, Neha R Salvi, Sandeep Sharma, Nilanju P Sarmah, R Sabarinathan, Augustine Duraiswamy, D Sudha Rani, K Kanagasabai, Abhishek Lachyan, Poonam Gawali, Mitali Kapoor, Arpit Kumar Shrivastava, Saurabh Kumar Chonker, Bipin Tilekar, Babasaheb V Tandale, Mohammad Ahmad, Lucky Sangal, Amy Winter, Sanjay M Mehendale, William J Moss, Kyla Hayford","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00379-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00379-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India did phased measles-rubella supplementary immunisation activities (MR-SIAs; ie, mass-immunisation campaigns) targeting children aged 9 months to less than 15 years. We estimated measles-rubella seroprevalence before and after the MR-SIAs to quantify the effect on population immunity and identify remaining immunity gaps.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between March 9, 2018 and March 19, 2020 we did community-based, cross-sectional serosurveys in four districts in India before and after MR-SIAs. 30 villages or wards were selected within each district, and one census enumeration block from each was selected as the survey cluster. Households were enumerated and 13 children in the younger age group (9 months to <5 years) and 13 children in the older ager group (5 to <15 years) were randomly selected by use of computer-generated random numbers. Serum samples were tested for IgG antibodies to measles and rubella viruses by enzyme immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Specimens were collected from 2570 children before the MR-SIA and from 2619 children afterwards. The weighted MR-SIA coverage ranged from 73·7% to 90·5% in younger children and from 73·6% to 93·6% in older children. Before the MR-SIA, district-level measles seroprevalence was between 80·7% and 88·5% among younger children in all districts, and between 63·4% and 84·5% among older children. After the MR-SIA, measles seroprevalence among younger children increased to more than 90% (range 91·5 to 96·0) in all districts except Kanpur Nagar, in which it remained unchanged 80·4%. Among older children, measles seroprevalence increased to more than 90·0% (range 93·7% to 96·5%) in all districts except Hoshiarpur (88·7%). A significant increase in rubella seroprevalence was observed in all districts in both age groups, with the largest effect in Dibrugarh, where rubella seroprevalence increased from 10·6% to 96·5% among younger children.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Measles-rubella seroprevalence increased substantially after the MR-SIAs but the serosurvey also identified remaining gaps in population immunity.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Indian Council of Medical Research.</p>","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1655-e1664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9579355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33511138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preterm births and deaths: from counting to classification.","authors":"Deepak Chawla,&nbsp;Ramesh Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00422-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00422-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1537-e1538"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33511512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The health status of Indonesia's provinces: the double burden of diseases and inequality gap.","authors":"Vicka Oktaria,&nbsp;Yodi Mahendradhata","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00405-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00405-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1547-e1548"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33511515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}