Risalah Hukum最新文献

{"title":"Konsep Cyber Attack, Cyber Crime, Dan Cyber Warfare Dalam Aspek Hukum Internasional","authors":"Miko Aditiya Suharto, Maria Novita Apriyani","doi":"10.30872/risalah.v17i2.705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/risalah.v17i2.705","url":null,"abstract":"The movement of human activities initially carried out conventionally turned into digital. This phenomenon also applies to the flow of information traffic. Information that was previously disseminated conventionally has become digitalized. Once the exchange of information and activities on the Internet is so widespread, it is as if the Internet is a world of its own with no boundaries. As a new dimension like land, sea, air, and space, Cyber space also has many problems related to the misuse of computer and internet technology for purposes that deviate from legal norms to the detriment of other parties. The implications of Cyber attacks have destructive properties such as changing, disrupting, closing access, reducing performance, or damaging computer files, computer networks, or the computer itself when associated with the rights of someone in the use of computer technology. This study uses normative research using a conceptual approach, a comparative approach, and a statutory approach. The results of this study are that the concepts and elements of cyber attack, cyber crime, and cyber warfare have differences. Cyberattack is a method used to carry out attacks using computer technology and the Internet. Cyber crime is a form of crime committed by utilizing computer and internet technology in carrying out crimes. Meanwhile, cyber warfare is a form of cyber operations (cyber operations) in an attack or defense, which is carried out to cause injury or death to people or damage or destruction of the target object or target operation.","PeriodicalId":153232,"journal":{"name":"Risalah Hukum","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126969422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penerapan Asas The Binding Persuasive of Precedent Terhadap Pidana Di Bawah Ketentuan Minimum Khusus Dalam Tindak Pidana Narkotika","authors":"Dayang Debby Aulia Hakim, Ivan Zairani Lisi, Orin Gusta Andini","doi":"10.30872/risalah.v18i2.632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/risalah.v18i2.632","url":null,"abstract":"Narcotics crimes include crimes outside the Criminal Code which are regulated in the Narcotics Law Number 35 of 2009 and therein regulates special minimum sentence provisions. The approach used is a doctrinal approach with the aim of knowing two main points of discussion: First, the author wants to know and understand the punishment for narcotics crimes that are criminalized under a special minimum sentence. Second, the author wants to know the implementation of the binding persuasive principle of precedent in the judge's consideration in deciding narcotics crime cases under a special minimum sentence. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the punishment of narcotics crimes that are sentenced under the special minimum provisions are not in accordance with the special minimum sentence provisions in the Narcotics Law, causing legal uncertainty. Then legal certainty and the principle of the binding persuasive of precedent cannot be applied because the judge uses his freedom in imposing a sentence by imposing a sentence under a special minimum provision. \u0000Keywords: the binding persuasive of precedent principle; judge’s consideration; minimum sentence.","PeriodicalId":153232,"journal":{"name":"Risalah Hukum","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132674764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problematika Penanganan Pengungsi di Indonesia Dari Perspektif Hukum Pengungsi Internasional","authors":"Cipta Primadasa Primadasa, Mahendra Putra Kurnia, Rika Erawaty","doi":"10.30872/RISALAH.V17I1.380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/RISALAH.V17I1.380","url":null,"abstract":"A refugee is a person who, due to a well-founded fear of persecution, for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group and membership of a particular political party, is outside his country of nationality and does not want protection from that country. The refugees, seeking protection in countries that have ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol or what is often referred to as a third country. This study describes and examines issues, first, regarding the handling of refugee flows in Indonesia according to the perspective of International Refugee Law. Second, Regarding the legal consequences when Indonesia did not ratify the 1951 Refugee Convention agreement and the 1967 Refugee Protocol regarding the status of Refugees to international Refugee law. This study is a descriptive doctrinal legal research. The source used is primary legal material consisting of legal products such as the 1945 Constitution, Laws, International Treaties and other Regulations relevant to Refugee Handling activities. The results of the research show that first, the action of handling refugees in Indonesia from the perspective of international refugee law has been able to realize some of the most important principles of the 1951 Convention and the 1967 protocol on refugee status that is not refoulment, non-expulsion, no differentiate (non discrimination) and also do not commit criminal offenses for refugees who enter Indonesian territory. Secondly, Indonesia as a transit country for asylum seekers and refugees experiences a buildup of refugee flows due to the process of granting an uncertain status of time from UNHCR and moreover, a third country limits the acceptance of refugees. Indonesia did not ratify the 1951 convention and the 1967 protocol and therefore Indonesia did not have the authority to grant refugee status because the granting of status was in the hands of the UNHCR, this was a legal consequence and consequences carried by Indonesia when it did not ratify the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol. \u0000Keywords:  Conventions; Refugees; Indonesia Law.","PeriodicalId":153232,"journal":{"name":"Risalah Hukum","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125061802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Terhadap Tindakan Agen Diplomatik Dari Negara Pengirim Yang Melakukan Spionase Di Negara Penerima","authors":"Ahmad Sandy Dewana, Akbar Kurnia Putra","doi":"10.30872/RISALAH.V17I1.440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/RISALAH.V17I1.440","url":null,"abstract":"Abuse of authority by diplomatic officials from member countries of the 1961 Vienna Convention for personal gain or certain groups is still common. This situation is undoubtedly contrary to their duties and functions as representatives of their country. The formulation of the problem raised is how to form a legal settlement based on the 1961 Vienna Convention and the Optional Protocol concerning the Requirement to Settle Disputes. The research method used is a normative juridical type with a Legislative, Conceptual, and Case approach. The primary legal materials used are the Vienna Convention On Diplomatic Relations April 18, 1961, and the Optional Protocol Concerning the Compulsory Settlement Of Disputes Of Vienna Convention On Diplomatic Relations; Meanwhile, the secondary legal materials used are books, research journals, research reports, various scientific works, articles and various other sources that can support primary legal materials; Tertiary legal materials consist of dictionaries, internet, and so on that can support primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that apart from Persona non-Grata, there are other ways to impose sanctions on diplomatic agents who abuse their authority, in this case, espionage activities. \u0000Keywords: Diplomatic Agent; Espionage; Sending State","PeriodicalId":153232,"journal":{"name":"Risalah Hukum","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116253919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kewenangan PTUN dalam Memeriksa Surat Presiden tentang RUU Cipta Kerja dan Implikasi Putusannya","authors":"S. Pratama, Adrian E. Rompis, R. Nurzaman","doi":"10.30872/RISALAH.V17I1.516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/RISALAH.V17I1.516","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, the President's Letter in the formation of law was sued by the Administrative Court. This study is intended to determine the authority of the Administrative Court in examining the President's Letter on the Job Creation Bill. The research method uses a normative juridical method using a law approach and a case approach. Based on the results of the research, it is known that the Administrative Court lacks absolute authority to investigate the Presidential Letter on the Job Creation Bill because the Presidential Letter does not meet the requirements specified in the law to qualify as the object of the TUN dispute, namely the state administrative decision (KTUN)/Beschikking. It can also be seen, that even if the decision of the Administrative Court or the court of appeal and cassation within the framework of Judicial Activism accepts and grants the lawsuit of the President's Letter regarding the Job Creation Bill, the decision cannot have direct implications for the invalidity of the validity/legitimacy of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation because the cancellation of the validity/legitimacy of a law is not under the authority of the Administrative Court, the PT-TUN includes the Supreme Court, but the authority of the Constitutional Court through material and formal examinations. The Job Creaton Act is still regarded as legal and binding if the Constitutional Court does not invalidate it. \u0000Keywords: Administratif Court; authority; examine; presidential letter.","PeriodicalId":153232,"journal":{"name":"Risalah Hukum","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132078306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pendekatan Problem Solving Bhabinkamtibmas Dalam Pembinaan Keamanan Dan Ketertiban Masyarakat Di Desa Bunder Kecamatan Susukan Kabupaten Cirebon","authors":"Abd. Wahid, Galih Rinenda Putra","doi":"10.30872/RISALAH.V17I1.491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/RISALAH.V17I1.491","url":null,"abstract":"Forms of law violations that often occur are minor persecution, fights, and others. Violations of these laws can cause conflicts and disturbances for others and can lead to clashes between groups. This type of research is qualitative research, using a field research approach, producing descriptive data in the form of the Bhabinkamtibmas Problem Solving Approach in Community Security and Order Development. The purpose of this study was to determine the problem-solving approach of Bhabinkamtibmas in fostering security and public order in Bunder Village, Susukan District, Cirebon Regency. The results of this study are that Bhabinkamtibmas supervises the settlement of criminal acts of persecution through penal mediation at the Susukan Police Station and provides a place for the litigants to negotiate to obtain a peace agreement. The settlement of criminal acts of persecution through penal mediation at the Susukan Police, Cirebon Regency can only be done once. Perpetrators of criminal acts of persecution whose cases have been resolved by penal mediation and if they repeat the crime will be processed according to the applicable laws and regulations until the judicial stage, provided that investigators attach evidence of a statement made by the perpetrator of the crime.   Keywords:  Approach; Problem Solving; Bhabinkamtibmas","PeriodicalId":153232,"journal":{"name":"Risalah Hukum","volume":"353 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132306346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kekuatan Hukum Digital Signature Sebagai Alat Bukti Yang Sah Di Tinjau Dari Hukum Acara Perdata","authors":"Eman Sulaiman, Nur Arifudin, Lily Triyana","doi":"10.30872/RISALAH.V16I2.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/RISALAH.V16I2.207","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia memasuki era globalisasi yang mendorong perkembangan teknologi dan kegiatan usaha para pelaku bisnis ke arah yang lebih efektif dan efesien yaitu e-commerce. Dalam perkembanganya, penggunaan Digital Signature mulai menggeser keberadaan tanda tangan konvesional yang biasa digunakan dalam perjanjian diatas media kertas. Penggunaan Digital signature dalam perdagangan elektronik untuk menjaga keutuhan dan keaslian data dalam suatu dokumen elektronik. Kegiatan perdagangan yang menggunakan media elektronik sebagai alat bukti di dalam sistem pembuktian di Indonesia masih terdapat kekurangan dalam proses pengadilan di Indonesia. Menurut sistem HIR/RGB (hukum acara yang berlaku) dalam acara perdata, hakim terikat pada alat-alat bukti yang sah, yang berarti hakim hanya boleh mengambil keputusan berdasarkan alat-alat bukti yang di tentukan oleh undang-undang saja (HIR/RGB).Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan doktrinal, yaitu penelitian hukum menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep dengan menggunakan sumber data dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier dengan metode pengumpulan data dari berbagai sumber bacaan, seperti perundang-undangan, buku-buku, jurnal atau karya ilmiah, serta internet yang dinilai relevan dengan permasalahan yang dibahas.Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Digital Signature bukan lah tanda tangan konvensional yang kemudian discan menggunakan scaner, melaikan menggunakan teknik Kripography. Adanya asas lex specialis derogate lex generalis maka penggunaan alat bukti Digital Signature dalam Hukum Acara Perdata memiliki kekuatan hukum yang sama dengan akta otentik. Kata Kunci: Tanda Tangan, Digital, Alat Bukti.","PeriodicalId":153232,"journal":{"name":"Risalah Hukum","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126798742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Perdagangan Telur Penyu","authors":"A. Tarigan, L. Syarifuddin, Agustina Wati","doi":"10.30872/RISALAH.V16I2.376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/RISALAH.V16I2.376","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000This study discusses a law enforcement against the trade of sea turtle eggs in Samarinda. Sea turtles emerge as part of endemic animals in Indonesia in which their existence is almost extinct based on the Government Regulation, Number 7 Year 1999. This study employed a socio-legal (socio-legal research/law in contex) approach, namely a case study on empirical legal research in the form of community legal behavior. The existence of the trade of sea turtle eggs in Samarinda can still be encountered in the area located on Jl. Pangeran Antasari. The results of this study indicated that the legal protection on the sea turtle population, due to the rampant trade of sea turtle eggs in Samarinda, was not completely carried out. It is shown by the fact that the turtle egg trade in Samarinda still exists. Additionally, the law enforcement against the perpetrators of the turtle egg trade is not optimally implemented in which it is proven by the fact that the court merely imposes a light sanction and does not perceive ecological aspects. \u0000  \u0000Keywords: Enforcement, Protection, Trade, Sea Turtle Eggs \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":153232,"journal":{"name":"Risalah Hukum","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115904006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tanggung Jawab Sriwijaya Air Terhadap Penayangan Iklan Mengandung Janji Yang Belum Pasti Pada Promo SJ Travel Pass","authors":"Silmi Hanifa, S. M. D. Hutabarat","doi":"10.30872/RISALAH.V16I1.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/RISALAH.V16I1.304","url":null,"abstract":"Consumer protection is a guarantee that should be obtained by every consumer using goods or services. Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection explains that the main factor that causes violations of consumer interests is due to the less of consumer awareness of their rights. This explains that consumers are faced with weak awareness and lack of understanding of their rights. Consumer rights and responsibilities of the company are related. Through this research will explain Sriwijaya Air's responsibility for the SJ Travel pass promo which has been detrimental to consumers because the advertisement display is not in accordance with reality. The method used in this study is normative juridical that based on existing legislation. The results of this study indicate that the Sriwijaya Air does not grant all consumer demands as a form of compensation, such as the extension of the SJ Travel Pass promo period. Consumer protection regulated in the UUPK can be said to be quite complete because it regulates the rights and obligations of consumers and business actors. The existence of consumer rights regulated in the UUPK strengthens the position of consumers to defend and fight for their rights. \u0000  \u0000Keywords: Responsibility, Sriwijaya Air, Consumer Protection","PeriodicalId":153232,"journal":{"name":"Risalah Hukum","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127520386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penerapan Teori Conditio sine Qua Non Dalam PeristiwaTumpahan Minyak Di Teluk Balikpapan","authors":"Mawaddaturrokhmah, Muhamad Muhdar, Rini Apriyani","doi":"10.30872/RISALAH.V16I1.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30872/RISALAH.V16I1.147","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of conditio sine qua non is known in criminal law and is important in uncovering the causal relationship in criminal acts. However, it will generate problems when applied in environmental cases such as environmental pollution caused by oil pollution in Balikpapan. This study adopts a doctrinal approach including examining the Decision of the Balikpapan District Court Number: 749/Pid.B/LH/2018/PN.BPP. The theory of conditio sine qua non is not purely applied as a process of determining accountability. This theory is only applied at the investigation stage but not at the court process although in the facts of the trial there are several factors causing the oil spill in Balikpapan Bay including those who contributed in the occurrence of this case. \u0000Keywords: causality, conditio sine qua non; pollution; oil spill; environment","PeriodicalId":153232,"journal":{"name":"Risalah Hukum","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129100020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}