Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury最新文献

{"title":"Long-Term Hand and Shoulder Function in Children following Early Surgical Intervention for a Birth-Related Upper Brachial Plexus Injury.","authors":"Rachel N Aber, Leslie A Grossman, Aaron J Berger, Andrew E Price, Israel Alfonso, John A I Grossman","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787151","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1787151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>  To better understand the long-term hand and shoulder outcomes of upper brachial plexus birth injuries. <b>Methods</b>  We evaluated shoulder and hand function in 32 patients (13 males; 19 females) with a C5/C6 birth injury history). All patients had undergone primary nerve surgery as infants, and 12 underwent a simultaneous shoulder procedure as they presented with a fixed internal rotation contracture of the shoulder. On average, all patients were evaluated and examined 15 years postoperatively. The shoulder function was evaluated using the Miami Shoulder Scale. Hand function was measured by the 9-hole peg test (9-HPT) and statistical analysis included comparison of 9-HPT time against normative data using the Student's <i>t</i> -test. <b>Results</b>  The cohort includes 22 right-hand-dominant and 10 left-hand-dominant patients. Mean age at surgery was 10 months; mean age at follow-up was 15 years ± 2 years 2 months. Cumulative shoulder function was \"good\" or \"excellent\" (Miami score) in 23 patients. For 9-HPT, 23 out of 32 patients seen had an involved hand with a significant alteration in function. <b>Conclusion</b>  Early nerve surgery in cases of upper brachial plexus birth injuries result in the desired outcome. To ensure timely and targeted therapy for any residual deficits, it is imperative that limitations in hand function among children with an Erb's palsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11192585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141442792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with a Previous Phrenic Nerve Transfer for a Traumatic Brachial Plexus Palsy.","authors":"Mariano Socolovsky, Johnny Chuieng-Yi Lu, Francisco Zarra, Chen Kuan Wei, Tommy Nai-Jen Chang, David Chwei-Chin Chuang","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787296","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1787296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  With the advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some doubts have been raised regarding the potential respiratory problems that patients who previously underwent a phrenic nerve transfer could have. <b>Objectives</b>  To analyze the effects of the coronavirus infection on two populations, one from Argentina and another from Taiwan. Specific objectives were: (1) to identify the rate of COVID in patients with a history of phrenic nerve transfer for treatment of palsy; (2) to identify the overall symptom profile; (3) to compare Argentinian versus Taiwanese populations; and (4) to determine if any phrenic nerve transfer patients are at particular risk of more severe COVID. <b>Methods</b>  A telephonic survey that included data regarding the number of episodes of acute COVID-19 infection, the symptoms it caused, the presence or absence of potential or life-threatening complications, and the status of COVID-19 vaccination were studied. Intergroup comparisons were conducted using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test, with categorical variables conducted using either the Pearson χ2 analysis or the Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. <b>Results</b>  A total of 77 patients completed the survey, 40 from Taiwan and 37 from Argentina. Fifty-five (71.4%) developed a diagnosis of COVID. However, among these, only four had any level of dyspnea reported (4/55 = 7.3%), all mild. There were also no admissions to hospital or an intensive care unit, no intubations, and no deaths. All 55 patients isolated themselves at home. <b>Conclusions</b>  It can be concluded that an acute COVID-19 infection was very well tolerated in our patients. (Level of evidence 3b, case reports).</p>","PeriodicalId":15280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Results of Isolated Latissimus Dorsi to Rotator Cuff Transfer in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury.","authors":"David J Kirby, Daniel B Buchalter, Lauren Santiesteban, Mekka R Garcia, Aaron Berger, Jacques Hacquebord, John A I Grossman, Andrew E Price","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786817","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1786817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Brachial plexus birth injury results in deficits in strength and motion, occasionally requiring surgery to restore power to the deficient external rotators of the shoulder in these patients. This is a retrospective analysis of the long-term results of an isolated latissimus dorsi transfer to the rotator cuff in patients with brachial plexus birth injury. <b>Methods</b>  This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected data for patients undergoing isolated latissimus dorsi transfer into the infraspinatus in addition to release of the internal rotation contracture of the shoulder with greater than 5 years' follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative shoulder elevation and external rotation were documented. Failure of surgery was defined as a return of the internal rotation contracture and a clinically apparent clarion sign. <b>Results</b>  A total of 22 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria: 9 global palsies and 13 upper trunk palsies. The average follow-up was 11 years, ranging from 7.5 to 15.9 years. There was a trend for improved external rotation in the global palsy cohort at final follow-up ( <i>p</i>  = 0.084). All nine global palsies maintained adequate external rotation without a clarion sign. Five of the 13 upper trunk palsies failed the latissimus dorsi transfer and subsequently required either teres major transfer and/or rotational osteotomy. In these five failures, the period from initial transfer to failure averaged 6.6 years, ranging from 3.4 to 9.5 years. <b>Conclusion</b>  The results of this study indicate that patients with global palsy have sustained long-term improved outcomes with isolated latissimus dorsi transfer while patients with upper trunk palsy have a high rate of failure. Based on these results, we recommend isolated latissimus dorsi transfer for global palsy patients who have isolated infraspinatus weakness. <b>Level of Evidence:</b>  Case series - Level IV.</p>","PeriodicalId":15280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nerve Tracing in Juvenile Rats: A Feasible Model for the Study of Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy and Cocontractions?","authors":"Krister Jönsson, Tomas Hultgren, Mårten Risling, Mattias K. Sköld","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1778691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1778691","url":null,"abstract":"Brachial plexus birth injuries cause diminished motor function in the upper extremity. The most common sequel is internal rotation contracture. A number of these patients also suffer from cocontractions, preventing the use of an otherwise good passive range of motion in the shoulder. One theory behind the co-contracture problem is that injured nerve fibers grow into distal support tissue not corresponding to the proximal support tissue, resulting in reinnervation of the wrong muscle groups. To further elucidate this hypothesis, we used rat neonates to investigate a possible model for the study of cocontractions in brachial plexus birth injuries. Five-day-old rats were subjected to a crush injury to the C5–C6 roots. After a healing period of 4 weeks, the infraspinatus muscle was injected with Fluoro-Gold. A week later, the animals were perfused and spinal cords harvested and sectioned. Differences in the uptake of Fluoro-Gold and NeuN positive cells of between sides of the spinal cord were recorded. We found a larger amount of Fluoro-Gold positive cells on the uninjured side, while the injured side had positive cells dispersed over a longer area in the craniocaudal direction. Our findings indicate that the method can be used to trace Fluoro-Gold from muscle through a neuroma. Our results also indicate that a neuroma in continuity somewhat prevents the correct connection from being established between the motor neuron pool in the spinal cord and target muscle and that some neurons succumb to a crushing injury. We also present future research ideas.","PeriodicalId":15280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139539303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercostal Nerve Transfers to Native Triceps or Free Muscle Flaps for Elbow Extension in Brachial Plexus Injuries","authors":"Scott Ferris, Simon Maciburko","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1778063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1778063","url":null,"abstract":"Intercostal nerve donors for traumatic brachial plexus injury reconstruction have been used to neurotize native muscles or free-functioning muscle transfers, with inconsistent outcomes reported. The aim was to record a substantial series, evaluate functional outcomes, and identify prognostic factors. We present a single-surgeon case series of 21 consecutive patients who underwent 21 transfer procedures to either native muscles or free-functioning muscles to reconstruct elbow extension over a 9-year period. Outcome parameters included target muscle power grade and timing of recovery. A Medical Research Council power grade ≥ M4 was achieved in 17 reconstructions. The free-functioning muscle group had significantly higher success rate and reached their best power grade 14 months earlier. Free-functioning muscle reconstruction with intercostal nerve transfer is a more complex procedure but has quicker functional recovery and greater reliability in achieving grade M4.","PeriodicalId":15280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining the Inclusion Criteria for Successful Steindler Flexorplasty Based on the Outcomes of a Case Series in Eight Patients.","authors":"Alexander A Gatskiy,&nbsp;Ihor B Tretyak,&nbsp;Jörg Bahm,&nbsp;Vitaliy I Tsymbaliuk,&nbsp;Yaroslav V Tsymbaliuk","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1767672","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0043-1767672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background (rationale)</b>  Steindler flexorplasty (SF) is aimed at restoring independent elbow flexion in the late stages of dysfunction of the primary elbow flexors. Selection criteria for successful SF have been defined. <b>Objectives</b>  The purpose of this study was to redefine the inclusion criteria for successful SF based on functional outcomes. <b>Methods</b>  Eight patients received SF after an average of 50.8 months after injury or dysfunction. Three patients (37.5%) met all five Al-Qattan inclusion criteria (AQIC), and another five patients (62.5%) met four or less AQIC. Patients were followed up for at least 9 months, and the maximum range of active elbow flexion (REF) was measured. Functional results of SF were assessed using the Al-Qattan scale (in accordance with Al-Qattan's scale). <b>Results</b>  The mean maximum REF was 100 degrees (70 to 140 degrees). Five patients reached REF greater than 100 degrees. One patient had a poor outcome, two patients (25%) had a fair outcome, three patients (37.5%) had a good outcome, and two patients (25%) had an excellent outcome of SF on the Al-Qattan scale. The impact of each AQIC on functional outcome has been critically reviewed from a biomechanical point of view. <b>Conclusions</b>  The sufficient number of inclusion criteria required for successful SF can be reduced from five (according to AQIC) to two; Normal or near-normal function (M4 or greater on the MRC scale) of the muscles of the flexor-pronator mass should be considered an obligatory inclusion criterion, while primary wrist extensors may be considered an optional inclusion criterion.</p>","PeriodicalId":15280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10567141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41202204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Peripheral Neuromas of the Hand and Forearm.","authors":"Yousif Tarek El-Gammal,&nbsp;Laura Cardenas-Mateus,&nbsp;Tsu Min Tsai","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1767673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1767673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The choice of a specific technique for surgical treatment of neuromas remains a problem. The purpose of this study is to determine the overall effectiveness of surgery as well as to find out whether certain surgical procedures are more effective than others. Twenty-nine patients operated between 1998 and 2018 and followed for at least 12 months were reviewed. Clinical assessment included the identification of a pre- and postoperative Tinel sign, pain visual analog score, two-point discrimination (2PD), and grip strength. Mechanisms of injury included clean lacerations (11), crush injuries (11), and other trauma or surgery (7). Mean time from presentation to surgery was 9 months. Seven surgical procedures involving excision in 10 patients and excision and nerve repair in 19 patients were performed. Pain score improved from an average of 7.1 ± 2.3 to 1.8 ± 1.7 with 27 patients (93%) reporting mild or no postoperative pain. Nine patients complained of residual scar hypersensitivity and six patients had residual positive Tinel. No patient required an additional surgical procedure. 2PD improved from an average of 9.6 ± 4.0 to 6.8 ± 1.0. The improvement of pain score and 2PD was statistically significant. Nerve repair resulted in marginally better outcomes, in terms of 2PD and grip strength recovery, than excision alone. The mechanism of injury, zone of involvement, time to intervention, or length of follow-up did not have an impact on the outcomes. Although patient numbers in this study are large in comparison to previous studies, larger patient numbers will allow for a multivariate analysis, which can be possible with a prospective multicenter trial.</p>","PeriodicalId":15280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10076102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9271281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes after Anterior Interosseous Nerve to Ulnar Motor Nerve Transfer.","authors":"Jeffrey N Gross,&nbsp;Steven E Dawson,&nbsp;Gerald J Wu,&nbsp;Scott Loewenstein,&nbsp;Gregory H Borschel,&nbsp;Joshua M Adkinson","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1760097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Ulnar nerve lesions proximal to the elbow can result in loss of intrinsic muscle function of the hand. The anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) to deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN) transfer has been demonstrated to provide intrinsic muscle reinnervation, thereby preventing clawing and improving pinch and grip strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the AIN to DBUN transfer in restoring intrinsic muscle function for patients with traumatic ulnar nerve lesions. <b>Methods</b>  We performed a prospective, multi-institutional study of outcomes following AIN to DBUN transfer for high ulnar nerve injuries. Twelve patients were identified, nine of which were enrolled in the study. The mean time from injury to surgery was 15 weeks. <b>Results</b>  At final follow-up (mean postoperative follow-up 18 months + 15.5), clawing was observed in all nine patients with metacarpophalangeal joint hyperextension of the ring finger averaging 8.9 degrees (+ 10.8) and small finger averaging 14.6 degrees (+ 12.5). Grip strength of the affected hand was 27% of the unaffected extremity. Pinch strength of the affected hand was 29% of the unaffected extremity. None of our patients experienced claw prevention after either end-to-end ( <i>n</i>  = 4) or end-to-side ( <i>n</i>  = 5) AIN to DBUN transfer. <b>Conclusion</b>  We conclude that, in traumatic high ulnar nerve injuries, the AIN to DBUN transfer does not provide adequate intrinsic muscle reinnervation to prevent clawing and normalize grip and pinch strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":15280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9833888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10534468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Preoperative Neuropraxia on Surgical Duration Following Pediatric Supracondylar Fracture of the Humerus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yazeed Alayed,&nbsp;Bander S Alrashedan,&nbsp;Sultan K Almisfer,&nbsp;Ali M Aldossari","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1771012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1771012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Supracondylar fractures of the humerus (SCFHs) are the most common type of elbow fracture in children. Because of the influence on functional outcome, neuropraxia is one of the most common concerns at presentation. The impact of preoperative neuropraxia on surgery duration is not extensively probed. The clinical implications of several other risk factors associated with preoperative neuropraxia at presentation may contribute to longer surgical duration of SCFH. <b>Hypothesis</b>  Preoperative neuropraxia is likely to increase surgery duration in patients who sustained SCFH. <b>Patients and Methods</b>  This is a retrospective cohort analysis. Sixty-six patients who sustained surgical pediatric supracondylar humerus fracture were included in the study. Baseline characteristics including age, gender, the type of fracture according to Gartland classification, mechanism of injury, patient weight, side of injury, and associated nerve injury were included in the study. Logistic regression analysis was performed using mean surgery duration as the main dependent variable and age, gender, fracture type according to the mechanism of injury, Gartland classification, injured arm, vascular status, time from presentation to surgery, weight, type of surgery, medial K-wire use, and afterhours surgery as the independent variables. A follow-up of 1 year was implemented. <b>Result</b>  The overall preoperative neuropraxia rate was 9.1%. The mean surgery duration was 57.6 ± 5.6 minutes. The mean duration of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning surgeries was 48.5 ± 5.3 minutes, whereas the mean duration of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) surgeries was 129.3 ± 15.1 minutes. Preoperative neuropraxia was associated with an overall increase in the surgery duration ( <i>p</i>  < 0.017). Bivariate binary regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the increase of surgery duration and flexion-type fracture (odds ratio = 11, <i>p</i>  < 0.038) as well as ORIF (odds ratio = 26.2, <i>p</i>  < 0.001). <b>Conclusion</b>  Preoperative neuropraxia and flexion-type fractures convey a potential longer surgical duration in pediatric supracondylar fracture. <b>Level of Evidence</b>  Prognostic III.</p>","PeriodicalId":15280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10317565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9804927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-Reported Outcomes and Provocative Testing in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Recovery.","authors":"Albin John,&nbsp;Stephen Rossettie,&nbsp;John Rafael,&nbsp;Cameron T Cox,&nbsp;Ivica Ducic,&nbsp;Brendan J Mackay","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1764352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1764352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>  Peripheral nerve function is often difficult to assess given the highly variable presentation and subjective patient experience of nerve injury. If nerve assessment is incomplete or inaccurate, inappropriate diagnosis and subsequent treatment may result in permanent dysfunction. <b>Objective</b>  As our understanding of nerve repair and generation evolves, so have tools for evaluating peripheral nerve function, recovery, and nerve-related impact on the quality of life. Provocative testing is often used in the clinic to identify peripheral nerve dysfunction. Patient-reported outcome forms provide insights regarding the effect of nerve dysfunction on daily activities and quality of life. <b>Methods</b>  We performed a review of the literature using a comprehensive combination of keywords and search algorithms to determine the clinical utility of different provocative tests and patient-reported outcomes measures in a variety of contexts, both pre- and postoperatively. <b>Results</b>  This review may serve as a valuable resource for surgeons determining the appropriate provocative testing tools and patient-reported outcomes forms to monitor nerve function both pre- and postoperatively. <b>Conclusion</b>  As treatments for peripheral nerve injury and dysfunction continue to improve, identifying the most appropriate measures of success may ultimately lead to improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15280,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10121318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}