Journal of Avian Biology最新文献

{"title":"Climate change and nest predation affect shifts in timing and duration of breeding as well as reproductive success in a migratory species","authors":"Hannu Pöysä","doi":"10.1111/jav.03373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03373","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While it is well known that the overall timing of avian breeding in northern latitudes has generally advanced due to climate change, it is still unclear how climate warming has affected the beginning, end, and duration of the breeding period and reproductive success of birds. This is because changes in the phenological breeding metrics have often been studied using ringing data that are based on successful nests only and impacts of local factors such as nest predation have not been analysed simultaneously. This study used both successful and failed nesting attempts to estimate the annual timing and duration of breeding in common goldeneyes <i>Bucephala clangula</i>. There was strong evidence that the beginning of breeding has advanced during 1995‒2022 but only weak evidence that the end of breeding has advanced. Consequently, the duration of the breeding period lengthened, although statistical evidence for the trend was only weak. The relative importance of climate change and nest predation in affecting the timing and duration of breeding as well as breeding success was also studied. Among-year variation in the beginning of breeding was mainly governed by the timing of ice breakup, an indicator of climate change, whereas nest predation rate in the previous year was the main driver of the end of breeding, the duration of breeding being affected by both the timing of ice breakup and nest predation rate. Annual nest-stage success was best explained by nest predation rate. However, final reproductive success (proportion of nest-left ducklings that survived until independence) decreased with advancing timing of ice breakup, suggesting that climate change has negatively affected the production of independent offspring in the study population. The findings of this study underline the importance of also considering local ecological factors when analysing climate change impacts on phenological breeding metrics and breeding success of birds.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak population structure in the North American house wren Troglodytes aedon","authors":"William C. Anderson,&nbsp;Erik R. Funk,&nbsp;Angela N. Theodosopoulos,&nbsp;Kathryn C. Grabenstein,&nbsp;Garth Spellman,&nbsp;Scott A. Taylor","doi":"10.1111/jav.03401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03401","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cryptic genetic differentiation is being increasingly documented in birds and other organisms using genome-wide variation. A recent example of cryptic genetic differentiation in a widespread species with conserved morphology is the northern house wren <i>Troglodytes aedon</i>. We found that, despite extremely similar morphology and no documented vocal differences, the two subspecies of the northern house wren, <i>T. a. aedon</i> (eastern) and <i>T. a. parkmanii</i> (western), exhibited both nuclear and mitochondrial genomic differentiation. Individuals present along the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains possessed nuclear genetic variation intermediate between <i>T. a. aedon</i> and <i>T. a. parkmanii</i>; additionally, both divergent mitochondrial lineages, corresponding to the western and eastern northern house wren populations, occur in Colorado. However, the dynamics of this putative contact zone (i.e. amount of hybridization or introgression) and the degree of differentiation between the two subspecies remain uncharacterized. To expand our understanding of northern house wren population genetic differentiation and explore the possibility of hybridization, we used a double digest restriction-site associated (ddRAD) approach and sequenced 127 northern house wrens, including 109 individuals from across Colorado and Wyoming, as well as nine individuals each from eastern and western allopatric regions. Our results highlight that <i>T. a. aedon</i> occur significantly further west than previously thought, and provide evidence for weak population structure within the northern house wren, while generally setting the stage for future investigations of northern house wren population genomics and the genetic basis of cryptic speciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serenade of a whimbrel: understanding the function of display behaviour in a sub-Arctic territorial wader","authors":"Maite Cerezo-Araujo,&nbsp;José Augusto Alves,&nbsp;Gunnar Thor Hallgrimsson,&nbsp;Bodvar Thórisson,&nbsp;Tómas Grétar Gunnarsson,&nbsp;Verónica Méndez","doi":"10.1111/jav.03324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Animal sounds contain important information used in intra- and inter-species communication. For species exhibiting elaborate and energetically expensive signals such as aerial displays accompanied by a call, the nature of the message being transmitted is honest and usually reflects individual fitness. Display events that combine flight and calls and are executed during the breeding season have traditionally been associated with two main functions: repelling rivals and/or attracting mates. In waders, the distinction between the two may rely on the timing of the breeding season at which displays occur, but also on the frequency at which displays occur in relation to local breeding density. Here, we investigated the function of display behaviour in the Icelandic whimbrel throughout the breeding season and along a breeding density gradient. We used a site-based approach in the southern lowland plain in Iceland where whimbrel breeding density and display frequency were recorded for two years. Although whimbrels showed display behaviour throughout the entire season, display frequency was higher at low densities during pre-incubation but similar at different densities during incubation and post-incubation. Our results indicate that this behaviour is context-dependent and multi-functional, supporting the importance of mate attraction at low conspecific density during pre-incubation, while other functions such as resource defence may be important throughout the breeding season.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating miRNAome of avian influenza-infected ruddy turnstones Arenaria interpres","authors":"Anne-Fleur Brand,&nbsp;Courtney A. Waugh,&nbsp;Jorge M. O. Fernandes,&nbsp;Marcel Klaassen,&nbsp;Michelle Wille,&nbsp;Veerle L. B. Jaspers,&nbsp;Rune Andreassen","doi":"10.1111/jav.03404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Circulating miRNAs – miRNAs that have been released from cells and circulate in the bloodstream – are relatively stable and interesting molecules for wildlife research, where they may form a proxy for gene expression as a function of the animal's state under a variety of environmental challenges. Aiming at providing initial baseline data on the circulating miRNAome in avian wildlife, we assessed the miRNA profiles of wild ruddy turnstones <i>Arenaria interpres</i> on their Australian non-breeding grounds. The ruddy turnstone is a long-distant migrant and a significant reservoir species for low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV). We therefore investigated both LPAIV-infected and uninfected individuals for their specific miRNA profiles to potentially elucidate the species' molecular mechanisms underlying its response to LPAIV infection. <i>De novo</i> miRNA characterisation in the ruddy turnstone genome identified 161 conserved and two novel, bird-specific miRNAs, with liver-enriched miRNA-122 being the most abundant. Z chromosome-linked miR-2954-3p was significantly more abundant in serum from males (ZZ) than from females (ZW). Furthermore, we found a sex- and age-associated effect of LPAIV infection on miRNA abundance in serum samples, including one novel miRNA. This circulating miRNA signature may reflect sex- and age-specific differences in the host response, indicating that circulating miRNAs could serve as a valuable non-destructive analytical tool for enhancing our understanding of avian infections in a wildlife context and should be explored further.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impacts of livestock grazing on upland bird breeding territories using drone surveys","authors":"Robin J. Pakeman,&nbsp;Damian Bienkowski,&nbsp;Debbie A. Fielding,&nbsp;Andre Thiel,&nbsp;Darren M. Evans","doi":"10.1111/jav.03356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03356","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ground nesting birds are sensitive to habitat structure, so understanding this relationship is fundamental to managing habitat to maintain or enhance bird populations. We used an existing long-term, large-scale experiment with routine monitoring of meadow pipit territories to assess the capability of drone-based remote sensing as a means of capturing relevant habitat information. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) captured differences in stocking density between treatments, and autumn-measured NDVI was well correlated to field measurements of vegetation height and density. Spring and autumn NDVI were negatively correlated due to dominant tussock-forming species dying back over winter. Meadow pipit apparent territory size was positively correlated to autumn NDVI and to the difference between autumn and spring NDVI. Apparent territory size was larger where there was more tussocky vegetation that comprise the areas least preferred for foraging. The long-lived nature of tussocks likely constrains the effect of the grazing treatments on meadow pipit breeding apparent territory size. Drone-based remote sensing of habitat characteristics appears to be a powerful way forward to understand bird–habitat associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic analysis of museum samples suggests temporal stability in the Mexican nonbreeding distribution of a neotropical migrant","authors":"Sheela P. Turbek,&nbsp;Alexandria Polich,&nbsp;Christen M. Bossu,&nbsp;Christine Rayne,&nbsp;Amanda Carpenter,&nbsp;Genaro Rodríguez Otero,&nbsp;Sergio Gómez Villaverde,&nbsp;Fabiola Rodríguez Vásquez,&nbsp;Blanca E. Hernández-Baños,&nbsp;John McCormack,&nbsp;Kristen Ruegg","doi":"10.1111/jav.03369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03369","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seasonal migration is highly labile from an evolutionary perspective and known to rapidly evolve in response to selective pressures. However, long-distance migratory birds rely partially on innate genetic programs and may be constrained in their ability to alter their migratory behavior. We take advantage of recent advances in our ability to genotype historical DNA samples to examine the temporal stability of migratory connections between breeding and nonbreeding populations (i.e. migratory connectivity) and population-level nonbreeding distributions in the Wilson's warbler <i>Cardellina pusilla</i>, a long-distance migratory songbird. By assigning historical and contemporary samples collected across the nonbreeding range to genetically distinct breeding clusters, we suggest that broad-scale population-level nonbreeding distributions within this species have remained largely consistent within Mexico from the mid-1900s to the present day. These findings support the idea that the nonbreeding distributions of long-distance migrants may remain stable over long time scales, even in the face of rapid environmental change.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing bacterial communities of wild birds: Insights from three southern African hornbill species","authors":"María Dolores Barón,&nbsp;Mark Stanback,&nbsp;Ester Martínez-Renau,&nbsp;Juan José Soler,&nbsp;Manuel Martín-Vivaldi","doi":"10.1111/jav.03347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microbiome of the uropygial gland and integuments where birds spread the uropygial secretion may play crucial roles for their hosts, but it has been poorly studied, especially in wild species. Exploring bacterial communities associated with the uropygial secretion of birds is particularly interesting in species under strong selection pressures due to pathogenic infection. Here, by high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterized and compared the bacterial communities of the uropygial gland surface of three African hornbill species (Family Bucerotidae), as well as the bill and feathers of females from two of these species and the nestlings of the other one. In accordance with previous knowledge of avian microbiomes, we expected to find differences associated with species identity, age and the sampled integument. Overall, we found that: 1) the microbiome was similar among species, 2) but there were slight differences associated with the sampled body regions. Moreover, 3) we observed no consistent variation in the microbiota with age, and 4) females and nestlings sharing a nest harboured more similar gland surface microbiota compared to females and nestlings that did not share a nest. These species often reuse nest cavities, sealing them with a plug made from diverse material. Once sealed, they remain enclosed in the nest for a long period. This behaviour opens the possibility that the nest environment is key shaping the microbiota of these species and might serve as a reservoir of the sampled bacterial communities. Moreover, behavioural mechanisms such as preening may contribute to the transmission of bacteria from the uropygial gland to other body regions, enhancing bacterial similarities. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of the nest environment in structuring bacterial communities in wild birds and provides the first thorough characterization of the microbiome inhabiting different body integuments of southern African hornbills.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flight initiation distance is repeatable and geographically flexible in greylag geese Anser anser","authors":"Andrew C. Katsis,&nbsp;Lauren K. Common,&nbsp;Jonas Lesigang,&nbsp;Avila Bold,&nbsp;Marie Fröhlich,&nbsp;Jana-Marie Schmincke,&nbsp;Didone Frigerio,&nbsp;Sonia Kleindorfer","doi":"10.1111/jav.03288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03288","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The decision to flee from an approaching threat represents a trade-off between the costs and benefits of flight. In research to date, particular interest has been given to the effects of urbanisation on predator escape behaviour. However, these differences are most often studied at the population rather than individual level, which makes it difficult to disentangle whether site-specific differences in predator avoidance are due to behavioural plasticity or non-random distribution of behavioural phenotypes. In this study, we measured flight initiation distances – a widely used proxy for fearfulness or boldness – in a free-roaming, human-habituated, and colour-banded population of greylag geese <i>Anser anser</i>. First, we tested whether individuals flexibly adjusted their flight initiation distance based on environmental context by approaching the same individuals at two sites with different levels of human presence. Second, we examined whether flock members show consistent differences in their flight initiation distance towards unfamiliar humans. Our results suggest that greylag geese can adjust their behaviour based on environmental context and show individual differences in flight initiation distance that are consistent both within and across years. When individuals regularly move between foraging sites, establishing site-specific responses to potential threats may allow them to optimise their escape response and thereby avoid unnecessary energetic and opportunity costs.</p><p>Keywords: <i>Anser anser</i>, behavioural plasticity, boldness, escape behaviour, flight initiation distance</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No support for solar radiation as a major evolutionary driver of malar stripes in falcons","authors":"Michelle Vrettos,&nbsp;Chevonne Reynolds,&nbsp;Arjun Amar","doi":"10.1111/jav.03322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03322","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The malar stripes of falcons (<i>Falco</i> spp.) are often hypothesised to function by reducing the amount of solar glare reflected into the falcon's eyes while hunting, thereby aiding foraging efficiency in bright conditions. This ‘solar glare hypothesis' is supported by intraspecific trends in peregrine falcons <i>Falco peregrinus</i>, in which populations inhabiting regions of higher average annual solar radiation exhibit larger and darker malar stripes on average. Here, we extend the methodological approach previously used in peregrine falcons to examine both intra- and interspecific relationships between solar radiation and malar stripe morphology across all extant falcon species, thereby providing a more robust test of the hypothesis that falcon malar stripes evolved as an adaptation against negative visual effects of solar glare. We obtained web-sourced photographs of all extant falcon species, taken across each species' geographic range, and related mean breeding season solar radiation at each photograph location to the size and darkness of the birds' malar stripes, simultaneously testing for intraspecific and interspecific relationships between malar stripe characteristics and solar radiation, and including phylogeny and relevant ecological traits as covariates. We found no consistent interspecific relationship between solar radiation and malar stripe characteristics Likewise, in 38 out of 39 species, malar stripe characteristics were not positively intraspecifically related to solar radiation, with only peregrine falcons showing trends towards larger and darker malar stripes in brighter regions. Falcon malar stripes are thus unlikely to represent an adaptation against visual effects of solar glare, and their adaptive significance is more likely to be explained by crypsis or social signalling, if indeed they do represent an adaptive trait. Malar stripes may have become co-opted for solar glare reduction in peregrine falcons due to the species' specialisation for high-speed aerial hunting, although the intraspecific patterns observed may alternately be explained by phylogeography.</p><p>Keywords: avian colouration, dark eye markings, facial plumage, falcon, malar stripe, solar glare</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canada goose fecal microbiota correlate with geography more than host-associated factors","authors":"Joshua C. Gil,&nbsp;Heather R. Skeen,&nbsp;Celeste Cuellar,&nbsp;Sarah M. Hird","doi":"10.1111/jav.03360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03360","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gut microbiota interact with host biology in numerous important ways. The forces shaping the composition, diversity, and function of the microbiota vary within and between species. Avian microbiota often correlate more strongly with sampling location specific environmental variables than with host-associated factors such as age, but robust, range-wide sampling is rare. To better understand the connection between geographic distance and the microbiota, fecal samples were collected from non-migratory Canada goose populations across the United States. We expected that geographically closer populations would be exposed to more similar environmental microbes and would therefore have more similar gut microbiota. We hypothesized that intrinsic host-associated factors would have a weak correlation to gut microbial composition and geographic distance would have a stronger correlation. We found that some components of Canada goose microbiota are present in a majority of the geese, including four bacterial phyla, five families, and three genera. However, there were significant differences in microbial alpha diversity based on state of origin as well as significant positive correlations between geography and beta diversity. Supervised machine learning models were able to predict the state and flyway of origin of a fecal sample based on bacterial composition alone. Distance−decay analysis showed a significant positive relationship between geographic distance and beta diversity. Our work provides novel insights into the microbiota of the Canada goose and supports the hypothesis that avian microbiota are influenced by the host's environment. This work also suggests that there is a minimum geographic distance, likely associated with sufficient variation in habitat, climate, and local food sources, that must be reached before significant differences in the microbiota between two populations can be detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}