Journal of Avian Biology最新文献

{"title":"Examining inter-regional and intra-seasonal differences in wintering waterfowl landscape associations among Pacific and Atlantic flyways","authors":"Matthew J. Hardy,&nbsp;Christopher K. Williams,&nbsp;Brian S. Ladman,&nbsp;Maurice E. Pitesky,&nbsp;Cory T. Overton,&nbsp;Michael L. Casazza,&nbsp;Elliott L. Matchett,&nbsp;Diann J. Prosser,&nbsp;Jeffrey J. Buler","doi":"10.1111/jav.03296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Central Valley of California (CVC) and Mid-Atlantic (MA) in the U.S. are both critical sites for nationwide food security, and many waterfowl species annually, especially during the winter, providing feeding and roosting locations for a variety of species. Mapping waterfowl distributions, using NEXRAD, may aid in the adaptive management of important waterfowl habitat and allow various government agencies to better understand the interface between wild and domestic birds and commercial agricultural practices. We used 9 years (2014–2023) of data from the US NEXRAD network to model winter waterfowl relative abundance in the CVC and MA as a function of weather, temporal period, environmental conditions, and landcover characteristics using boosted regression tree modelling. We were able to quantify the variability in effect size of 28 different covariates across space and time within two geographic regions which are critical to nationwide waterfowl management and host a high density of nationally important commercial agriculture. In general, weather, geographic (distance to features), and landcover condition (wetness index) predictors had the strongest relative effect on predicting wintering waterfowl relative abundance in both regions, while effects of land cover composition were more regionally and temporally specific. Increased daily mean temperature was a major predictor of increasing relative waterfowl abundance in both regions throughout the winter. Increasing precipitation had differing effects within regions, increasing relative waterfowl abundance in the MA, while decreasing in general within the CVC. Increasing relative waterfowl abundance in the CVC are strongly tied to the flooding of the landscape and rice availability, whereas waterfowl in the MA, where water is less limiting, are generally governed by waste grain availability and emergent wetland on the landscape. Waterfowl relative abundance in the MA was generally higher nearer to the Atlantic coast and lakes, while in the CVC they were higher nearer to lakes. Our findings promote a better understanding of spatial associations of waterfowl to landscape features and may aid in conservation and biosecurity management protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life history traits, habitat characteristics, and phylogeny influence tick infestation probability in tropical wild birds","authors":"Ana Busi,&nbsp;Estefani T. Martínez-Sánchez,&nbsp;Johnathan Alvarez-Londoño,&nbsp;Dimas A. Molina-Marin,&nbsp;Juan F. Betancurt-Grisales,&nbsp;Fredy A. Rivera-Páez,&nbsp;Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves,&nbsp;Francisco E. Fontúrbel,&nbsp;Gabriel J. Castaño-Villa","doi":"10.1111/jav.03315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03315","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interactions between wild birds and ticks exert significant selective forces, influencing the host's evolution and fitness. Tick infestation rates vary among bird species due to life history and morphology. Understanding tick infestation probability is crucial for conservation efforts, as birds play an important role in the tick life cycle and can transmit tick-borne pathogens. In this context, it is essential to understand how life history traits or phylogenetic relationships determine tick infestation probability in the tropics. This study aims to identify wild bird life history traits and habitat characteristics associated with tick infestation probability in the Colombian tropical region. We hypothesized that larger body size, migratory behavior, foraging in lower vegetation stratum, seasonal aggregation, and inhabiting natural habitats increase tick infestation probability. We used a dataset with 3488 wild bird records from 322 species and 41 families, obtained from 61 Colombian localities (26 in the Orinoquia and 35 in the Andean regions). We used phylogenetic generalized linear mixed Bayesian models to assess tick infestation probability based on life history traits, body size, and geographic distribution. Of the birds analyzed, 3.2% were infested by ticks, mainly in immature stages (95%). Our results indicated a lower probability of tick infestation in agricultural habitats and higher elevations. Ground-foraging species exhibited a lower infestation probability, contrary to previous reports. We found a significant phylogenetic relationship, indicating that related species have similar probabilities of tick infestation compared to more distantly related species. This study provides valuable insights into the bird–tick association, with implications for disease management and bird conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03315","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galactose-α-1,3-galactose-presenting bacterial families are associated with resistance to experimental avian malaria infection","authors":"R. K. Noble,&nbsp;T. R. Kelly,&nbsp;C. R. Lattin","doi":"10.1111/jav.03330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03330","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The gut microbiome can contribute to host health through defense against pathogens. However, links between the host gut microbiome and resistance to infection have been primarily investigated in humans and lab-bred rodents, so we do not know to what extent this relationship exists in wild animals. To fill this knowledge gap, we used an experimental malaria inoculation with <i>Plasmodium relictum</i> in wild-caught house sparrows <i>Passer domesticus</i> (n = 18) to examine interactions of the host gut microbiome and resistance to avian malaria infection. Before and after inoculation, we collected blood samples to quantify circulating parasitemia and fecal samples to evaluate the gut microbiome through amplification and sequencing of the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. We found that gut microbiome alpha diversity (species richness and evenness) and beta diversity (community composition) were not significantly different between infected and resistant sparrows prior to or during malaria infection. However, we identified several indicator ASVs that occurred at higher prevalence and proportional abundance in malaria-resistant sparrows, most of which were from the family Lactobacillaceae that is hypothesized to confer resistance to malaria through inducing the production of anti-α-Gal antibodies. Future studies should experimentally manipulate the composition of the avian gut microbiome to causally investigate the relationship between specific bacterial taxa in the host gut microbiome and resistance to avian malaria infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of immune status on stopover departure decisions are subordinate to those of condition, cloud cover and tailwind in autumn-migrating common blackbirds Turdus merula","authors":"Tjomme van Mastrigt,&nbsp;Kevin D. Matson,&nbsp;Sander Lagerveld,&nbsp;Xinrou S. Huang,&nbsp;Willem F. de Boer,&nbsp;Henk P. van der Jeugd","doi":"10.1111/jav.03368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03368","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Migratory birds encounter a large variety of parasites and pathogens en route and invest in immune defences to limit the risk and fitness costs of infection. Since both migration and immune defences carry costs, individuals on tight budgets may face trade-offs between migratory progress and immune status. Many species alternate legs of strenuous migratory flight with stopovers during which birds refuel, rest, and recover physiologically. Despite this, most time and energy consumed during migration are actually spent on stopovers. As a result, identifying what determines stopover duration is key in understanding how migratory birds balance investments in immune defences and migration. Yet, it is unknown under what conditions an individual's immune status may affect migratory progress through the duration of stopovers. We explored whether immune status at arrival affects stopover duration by radio-tagging and blood-sampling common blackbirds <i>Turdus merula</i> during autumn stopovers on the Dutch island of Vlieland. To measure immune status, we quantified levels of bacterial killing ability, natural antibodies, complement, and haptoglobin, as well as heterophil–lymphocyte ratios. We show that stopover departures peaked during periods with low cloud cover and strong tailwinds. While lean birds prolonged stopovers, we only found a weak tendency of prolongation in birds with elevated haptoglobin levels. We conclude that effects of immune status on minimum stopover durations are subordinate to those of condition, cloud cover, and tailwinds in autumn-migrating common blackbirds. Hence, future studies on the link between immune defences and stopover durations should take weather conditions into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing nest site selection in a rapidly declining shorebird, the Eurasian curlew","authors":"Eleanor Marie Rivers,&nbsp;Mike J. Short,&nbsp;Andy Page,&nbsp;Peter M. Potts,&nbsp;Kathy Hodder,&nbsp;Andrew Hoodless,&nbsp;Rob Robinson,&nbsp;Richard Stillman","doi":"10.1111/jav.03286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03286","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this period of rapid human-induced environmental change, it is vital that influences of habitat on the distribution and productivity of threatened species are understood. Ground-nesting birds are declining more rapidly across Europe than any other group, with large-bodied birds at the greatest risk of extinction. Productivity and adult survival cannot both be maximised concurrently, and individuals will make decisions during the nest-placement phase which will favour one outcome or the other; however, under conditions of accelerating change, these decision processes may become decoupled from positive fitness outcomes. The Eurasian curlew <i>Numenius arquata</i> is Europe's largest wader and is showing steep declines in breeding productivity. Curlews are known to use a diverse range of habitats for nesting, where anthropogenic or natural features may influence distribution. There is an urgent need to understand the spatial scales of these impacts, and whether habitat characteristics have a positive or negative impact on nest survival. In our study site in southern England, curlew showed a marked preference for nesting in wetter habitats, primarily mire, and a weaker selection of dry heathland. Nest survival improved in wetter habitats, and the area of mire round a nest site was positively associated with increased levels of nesting success, whilst area of scrub had a negative association. Woodland significantly excluded curlew from potentially suitable breeding habitat, with an impact observed up to 2 km from the nest site, but nest survival did not improve with distance from woodland. Curlews strongly avoided nesting near a major road passing through the study site, despite seemingly suitable habitat nearby. Understanding landscape effects will assist in planning future habitat management for curlew, impacts of forestry and avoidance of additional pressures on a species of high conservation concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143252535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of urban life on the gut microbiota and the susceptibility to avian malaria infection in a population of the house sparrow Passer domesticus","authors":"Daliborka Stanković,&nbsp;Hugo J. Eira Pereira,&nbsp;Marko Raković,&nbsp;Stefan Skorić,&nbsp;Nayden Chakarov","doi":"10.1111/jav.03303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Life in urban areas may alter the gut microbiota and host physiology, leading to a higher susceptibility to pathogens. In contrast, specific members of the gut microbiota community have been shown to mitigate the intensity of malaria infection. House sparrows, living in close proximity to humans, are exposed to a unique environment with human-shaped diets emerging as a particularly influential factor. In addition, sparrows host a significant number of avian haemosporidian and other blood parasites. We examined how the gut bacterial community of house sparrows varied across two close urban sites in the city of Belgrade and the potential impact of blood parasite infection on the gut microbiota. Our results show that diversity and composition of the gut microbiota were only influenced by the sampling location, likely due to variations in food resources, particularly the availability of bird feed at one of the sites (a zoo). In summary, our results suggest the local microbial adaptations to differing levels of urbanisation habitats, in this case most likely driven by artificial alterations in food resources, but not reaching to effects on the blood parasite fauna.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical signatures in the preen oil of pied flycatchers: testing reproducibility and exploring ontogeny","authors":"Laurence Jeanjean,&nbsp;Barbara A. Caspers,&nbsp;Tim Schmoll,&nbsp;Marc Gilles","doi":"10.1111/jav.03365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03365","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Preen oil – the secretion from the uropygial gland of birds – may have diverse functions in avian reproduction: protection against eggshell bacteria, olfactory crypsis against nest predators and olfactory mate choice. To investigate such functions, we should first characterise variation in preen oil composition, but also confirm that previously described patterns are robust. Replication studies are crucial to test the reproducibility of previous findings, but are rarely undertaken in chemical ecology. Here, we conducted an almost exact replication of a previous study on the chemical composition of preen oil in a wild passerine bird, the pied flycatcher <i>Ficedula hypoleuca</i>. We aimed to estimate the reproducibility of the previous results using larger sample sizes and following a pre-registered analysis. In addition, we explored the ontogeny of preen oil composition by comparing nestling and adult preen oil. In line with previous findings, preen oil composition was similar between breeding partners and not repeatable within individual females across breeding stages. Female preen oil changed across breeding stages more clearly than in the original study (higher richness, diversity and volatility during incubation than nestling-rearing), further refuting a role of preen oil in olfactory crypsis in this species. Unlike the original study, we found no difference in chemical profiles between sexes (nestling-rearing), casting doubt on the proposed role of preen oil as a sex semiochemical in this species. Nestling preen oil differed from adults, was more similar to adult males than to adult females, but was not more similar to parents than to non-parents. We found family chemical signatures, which, along with the breeding pair signature, suggests an influence of the nest environment on preen oil composition. Our study highlights the importance of replication and provides novel insights into the function and development of preen oil.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the plasma metabolome of migrating passerines: novel insights into stopover metabolism","authors":"Adi Domer,&nbsp;Weronika Jasinska,&nbsp;Leah Rosental,&nbsp;Eyal Shochat,&nbsp;Saleh Alseekh,&nbsp;Alisdair R. Fernie,&nbsp;Yariv Brotman,&nbsp;Ofer Ovadia","doi":"10.1111/jav.03331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During long-distance migration, many birds experience periods of either prolonged fasting (during endurance flights) or extensive feeding (during stopovers). Despite decades of research on avian metabolism during migration, many questions have remained unanswered, as such research mainly focused on targeted metabolites and fat metabolism. Here, we examined the plasma-metabolome of two migrating passerine species before they crossed the Sahara Desert. Birds were sampled at two sites populated by Pistacia trees bearing fat-rich fruits and at an additional site dominated by blooming Eucalyptus trees. The blood samples were analyzed using both GC-MS and LC-MS, using an untargeted approach. Examination of metabolic pathways activated during stopovers indicated a crucial role for cycling glucose through the Cori and Cahill cycles in resting and recovery processes. This novel perspective, conducted on free-ranging birds, suggests the evolution of avian insulin resistance due to factors such as endurance exercise, fasting, and a preference for fatty acid oxidation during migration, akin to cell trauma recovery. We detected significant inter-site variations in birds' polar and lipophilic metabolic profiles. We interpret the differences in the polar metabolites to be associated with the physiological state of the birds, with birds that are considered to have landed during the night prior to capture showing different metabolic profiles compared to birds that have spent more time at the stopover site. In contrast, distinctions in the lipophilic profiles of birds were associated with variations in the primary food source that was available to them in the different sites. This study underscores the challenge of interpreting commonly used indicators for assessing migrating birds' physiological state, which was predominantly derived from lipid metabolism in complex ecological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration of black terns Chlidonias niger and common terns Sterna hirundo between south Sweden and the Atlantic coast of Africa","authors":"Thomas Alerstam,&nbsp;Johan Bäckman,&nbsp;Johanna Grönroos,&nbsp;Patrik Olofsson,&nbsp;Roine Strandberg,&nbsp;Sissel Sjöberg","doi":"10.1111/jav.03348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Light-level geolocators were used to record the annual migration cycles of black terns <i>Chlidonias niger</i> (9 individuals, 11 journeys) and common terns <i>Sterna hirundo</i> (7 individuals, 11 journeys) breeding in southernmost Sweden. The black terns used two different non-breeding (Oct–Mar) regions along the Atlantic coast of Africa, either north of the equator between Senegal and Liberia (3 individuals) or south of the equator between Gabon and northern Namibia (5 individuals). All the common terns travelled to non-breeding quarters south of the equator, mainly along the coasts of Namibia and South Africa. One juvenile common tern was tracked during the first twenty months of its life. This bird spent its first northern winter in South Africa, after which it migrated north of the equator to spend the northern summer as a one-year-old non-breeder in tropical waters off Ghana, after which it returned to South Africa for its second northern winter. This record demonstrates that one-year-old terns may undertake extensive intra-African migration to distant over-summering areas. Comparing geolocator results from Swedish and Dutch black tern populations indicate that they have similar migration habits, with a possible tendency of relatively more individuals migrating south of the equator in the more northerly Swedish population (leap-frog migration). Comparing geolocator and ringing results among common tern populations indicates a fascinating and complex pattern of scale-dependent geographic segregation and intermixing along the coasts of Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stopover regions, phenology, and spatiotemporal group dynamics of adult and juvenile common terns Sterna hirundo from inland lakes in North America","authors":"Annie Bracey,&nbsp;Fred Strand,&nbsp;Alexis Grinde,&nbsp;Francesca Cuthbert,&nbsp;Ann E. McKellar,&nbsp;David Moore,&nbsp;Elizabeth Craig,&nbsp;Simeon Lisovski","doi":"10.1111/jav.03308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the behavior of migratory birds can help determine levels of connectivity and inform conservation actions for species of conservation concern. The common tern <i>Sterna hirundo</i> is a long-distance migratory seabird that is considered a species of conservation concern in the North American Great Lakes region and that has experienced significant declines in breeding numbers across large lakes in Manitoba. To better understand the movement ecology of common terns, we used data from multiple tracking technologies (solar geolocation, GPS tracking, and Motus radio tracking) obtained from individuals (n = 83) across five breeding colonies on four inland lakes in North America. We identified key stopover regions used during southward migration and explored how demographics and social interactions influence connectivity. We identified three key stopover regions (Lake Erie, the southern Atlantic Coast, and Florida) and documented, for the first time, differences in post-natal and post-breeding migration for inland nesting terns. Juveniles arrived, on average, three weeks later than unrelated adults to their first major staging area. Although adult female arrival to and departure from Lake Erie was similar to adult males, female schedules became significantly earlier than males as southward migration progressed. Using a graph network to describe the spatiotemporal associations among adults from the same inland lake, individuals appeared to be highly connected, meeting up in different regions throughout the non-breeding season, suggesting that social interactions may play an important role in maintaining spatial connectivity. Despite differences in migration schedules by sex and arrival to the first major staging area by age class, birds appeared to rely on the same key stopover regions during southward migration. The stopover regions identified in this study can help identify potential bottlenecks and guide future research aimed at assessing the impacts of climate change and human disturbance on common terns breeding in North America.</p>","PeriodicalId":15278,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Avian Biology","volume":"2025 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.03308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}