Migratory microbiomes: the role of the gut microbiome in bird migration eco-physiology

IF 1.5 3区 生物学 Q1 ORNITHOLOGY
Pablo Capilla-Lasheras, Alice Risely
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Long-distance bird migration is one of the most metabolically and immunologically challenging feats in the animal kingdom, with birds often needing to double their weight in a matter of days and facing increased exposure to novel pathogens. The physiological and behavioural adaptations required to survive such journeys may be facilitated by the gut microbiome, a diverse community of symbiotic microbes that produce rare nutrients, fatty acids, and immune compounds that can confer rapid physiological adaptations to changing environmental conditions. However, the causal role of the gut microbiome in regulating migration physiology remains a mystery. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of gut microbiome composition and function during migration, outline possible mechanisms by which changes in the gut microbiome could benefit migrants, and identify future research priorities. We find that active migration is usually associated with reduced diversity of the gut microbiome and with the expansion of several study-specific taxa. Additionally, some microbial traits have been found to correlate with host condition and fat deposits during migration. However, there remains little understanding of how changes in the gut microbiome during migration relate to most physiological parameters, the molecular mechanisms linking the gut microbiome to host physiology during migration, or the underlying ecological, dietary, and intrinsic drivers of gut microbiome changes across the migratory cycle. Our review draws from examples across non-migratory systems to explore how gut microbiomes could adaptively regulate physiological traits relevant to migration. We highlight the need for studies that connect gut and circulating metabolites and for experimental studies that test the underlying drivers of gut microbial and metabolite dynamics in controlled settings. Given its diverse physiological demands and ubiquity, bird migration presents an excellent model system to investigate the adaptive potential of the gut microbiome in natural populations.

Abstract Image

迁徙微生物群:肠道微生物群在鸟类迁徙生态生理中的作用
长途鸟类迁徙是动物界代谢和免疫方面最具挑战性的壮举之一,鸟类经常需要在几天内体重增加一倍,并面临越来越多的新病原体。肠道微生物群是一种多样化的共生微生物群落,能够产生罕见的营养物质、脂肪酸和免疫化合物,能够赋予对不断变化的环境条件的快速生理适应。然而,肠道微生物群在调节迁移生理中的因果作用仍然是一个谜。在这篇综述中,我们综合了目前关于迁移过程中肠道微生物组组成和功能的知识,概述了肠道微生物组变化对迁移者有益的可能机制,并确定了未来的研究重点。我们发现,主动迁移通常与肠道微生物群多样性的减少和几种特定研究分类群的扩张有关。此外,已经发现一些微生物性状与寄主条件和迁移过程中的脂肪沉积有关。然而,对于迁移过程中肠道微生物群的变化与大多数生理参数的关系,迁移过程中肠道微生物群与宿主生理的分子机制,以及迁移周期中肠道微生物群变化的潜在生态、饮食和内在驱动因素,人们仍然知之甚少。我们的综述从非迁移系统的例子中探索肠道微生物群如何适应性地调节与迁移相关的生理特征。我们强调需要将肠道和循环代谢物联系起来的研究,以及在受控环境下测试肠道微生物和代谢物动力学的潜在驱动因素的实验研究。鉴于其多样化的生理需求和普遍性,鸟类迁徙为研究自然种群中肠道微生物群的适应潜力提供了一个很好的模型系统。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Avian Biology
Journal of Avian Biology 生物-鸟类学
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
56
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Avian Biology publishes empirical and theoretical research in all areas of ornithology, with an emphasis on behavioural ecology, evolution and conservation.
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