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Preparation of tricalcium phosphate by hydrolysis of dicalcium phosphate with calcium hydroxide 用氢氧化钙水解磷酸二钙制备磷酸三钙
Journal of biochemical toxicology Pub Date : 2007-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/JBT.2570270204
H. M. Bhavnagary, J. S. Venugopal, S. Majumder
{"title":"Preparation of tricalcium phosphate by hydrolysis of dicalcium phosphate with calcium hydroxide","authors":"H. M. Bhavnagary, J. S. Venugopal, S. Majumder","doi":"10.1002/JBT.2570270204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JBT.2570270204","url":null,"abstract":"A hydrolysis reaction between dicalcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide has been \u0000investigated for the formation of tricalcium phosphate. It decreased steadily with the \u0000increase in aqueous dicalcium phosphate slurry concentration in the range of 0.5 to \u00001.25 % under steam pressures of 5-25 Ib/in2 and attained equilibrium at the concentration \u0000of 1.25 % aqueous dicalcium phosphate. During the initial period of 2 h, the \u0000hydrolysis proceeded gradually to the respective maximums at the steam pressures of \u000015 and 25 Ib/in2 and thereupon it was constant. It was also shown that 28.33 ?( excess \u0000above the stoichiometric quantity of the hydrolysing agent, calcium hydroxidc, was \u0000necessary for the complete hydrolysis to occur at the steam pressure of 25 Ib/in2 for \u0000the aqueous suspensions of 5 and 25 % dicalcium phosphate. The effect of increasing \u0000steam pressure showed that a complete conversion of dicalcium phosphate to tricalcium \u0000phosphate could be obtained at a steam pressure of 51.5 Ib/in2 for any concentration \u0000of aqueous phosphate slurry.","PeriodicalId":15255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biochemical toxicology","volume":"30 1","pages":"393-398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82094221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cement forming ability of silicate minerals and polyacid solution 硅酸盐矿物与聚酸溶液的成胶能力
Journal of biochemical toxicology Pub Date : 2007-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/JBT.2570270154
S. Crisp, Alan D. Wilson, J. H. Elliott, P. Hornsby
{"title":"Cement forming ability of silicate minerals and polyacid solution","authors":"S. Crisp, Alan D. Wilson, J. H. Elliott, P. Hornsby","doi":"10.1002/JBT.2570270154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JBT.2570270154","url":null,"abstract":"A preliminary survey of the cement-forming reactions between silicate minerals and polyacid solutions is presented. Reaction mixtures were assessed qualitatively for setting and hydrolytic stability and the compressive strength of some of the hardened cements was measured. The results are discussed in terms of the atomic structures of the minerals and polyacids employed.","PeriodicalId":15255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biochemical toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":"369-374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81014943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Catalytic dehydrogenation of propane on chromia, palladium and platinum supported catalysts 丙烷在铬、钯和铂负载催化剂上的催化脱氢
Journal of biochemical toxicology Pub Date : 2007-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/JBT.2570270120
F. Ashmawy
{"title":"Catalytic dehydrogenation of propane on chromia, palladium and platinum supported catalysts","authors":"F. Ashmawy","doi":"10.1002/JBT.2570270120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JBT.2570270120","url":null,"abstract":"The dehydrogenation of propane to propylene over Cr2O3/Al2O3, Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/SiO2 has been investigated in the temperature range 580–618°C. Runs were performed on propane, alone or in the presence of nitrogen (as a diluent), with complete analysis of the reaction products. The reaction was carried out in a fixed bed reactor at space velocities from 450–800 h−1 which are close to industrial values and at pressures from 0.3 to 1 atm. A set of runs was made over a commercial chromia-alumina catalyst (10% Cr2O3) and over a promoted catalyst prepared in the laboratory by impregnation (16.8% Cr2O3 + 2% K2O). The latter catalyst showed high selectivity and stability even when subjected to continuous cycles of dehydrogenation, regeneration and purging. Of the two noble metal supported catalysts used, reduced Pd/Al2O3 showed higher activity than Pt/SiO2 at 618°C. The former catalyst gave a propylene yield of around 98% at 20% conversion level.","PeriodicalId":15255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biochemical toxicology","volume":"61 1","pages":"137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79083308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Influence of inorganic salts on the hydration of tricalcium silicate 无机盐对硅酸三钙水化的影响
Journal of biochemical toxicology Pub Date : 2007-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/JBT.2570270128
R. Kondo, M. Daimon, E. Sakai, Hiraotaka Ushiyama
{"title":"Influence of inorganic salts on the hydration of tricalcium silicate","authors":"R. Kondo, M. Daimon, E. Sakai, Hiraotaka Ushiyama","doi":"10.1002/JBT.2570270128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JBT.2570270128","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of various chlorides and potassium salts on the hydration of alite (3CaO·SiO2 solid solution) has been studied by conduction calorimetry and an explanation based on diffusion experiments in hardened Portland cement is presented. The mechanism of the action of inorganic electrolytes on cement hydration was also investigated. In hardened Portland cement the diffusion rate of the Cl− ion was greater than that of the coexisting cations. The accelerating effect of inorganic electrolytes was dependent mainly on the mobility of anions. The higher the anion mobility, the greater was the accelerating effect on the hydration. It is shown that the hydration of alite is a topochemical reaction and that the rate of hydration of alite is controlled by the rate of the dissolution of Ca2+ or OH− ions into a liquid phase. It is concluded that the dissolution of OH− ions from the hydrate layer around the cement particle is increased when the reciprocal diffusion action of the anion accelerates the hydration.","PeriodicalId":15255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biochemical toxicology","volume":"287 1","pages":"191-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73210890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
The solubilities of Fe, Ni, V and Na salts in concentrated aqueous H2SO4 solutions at temperatures between 400 and 460 K Fe、Ni、V和Na盐在400 ~ 460 K的浓硫酸水溶液中的溶解度
Journal of biochemical toxicology Pub Date : 2007-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/JBT.2570270503
W. D. Halstead, Bernard F. Lovey
{"title":"The solubilities of Fe, Ni, V and Na salts in concentrated aqueous H2SO4 solutions at temperatures between 400 and 460 K","authors":"W. D. Halstead, Bernard F. Lovey","doi":"10.1002/JBT.2570270503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JBT.2570270503","url":null,"abstract":"When residual fuel oil, which contains up to 4 wt% S, is burned in boiler plant, H2SO4 is formed which condenses as aqueous solutions (65–90 wt% H2SO4) on surfaces in the cool back-end. The oil contains traces of other elements, in particular Na, V, Fe and Ni, which also deposit on these surfaces as either sulphates (Na, Fe, Ni,) or oxides (V). When designing techniques to control acid deposition and the corrosion which it subsequently causes, account must be taken of the degree to which the acid properties can be modified by taking these compounds into solution. A series of measurements of the solubilities of relevant compounds in acid solutions within the appropriate ranges of concentration and temperature (400–460 K) have been made. Sodium sulphate has by far the highest solubility (55 wt% in a solution originally containing 85 wt% H2SO4 at 423 K). Of the other compounds considered, only V2O5 exhibits a solubility of more than 2 wt%; for example, at 463 K, in 75 wt% H2SO4, solutions containing up to 16 wt% V2O5 can be formed. Solutions with up to 23 wt% V2O5 can be stabilised by the presence in solution of small amounts (∼0.5 wt%) of Fe3+ ions. The structure of these solutions is discussed.","PeriodicalId":15255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biochemical toxicology","volume":"93 1","pages":"585-592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76953838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of cooperativity on microbial growth 协同性对微生物生长的影响
Journal of biochemical toxicology Pub Date : 2007-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/JBT.2570270612
F. Kargı
{"title":"Effect of cooperativity on microbial growth","authors":"F. Kargı","doi":"10.1002/JBT.2570270612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JBT.2570270612","url":null,"abstract":"The classical Monod equation for the specific growth rate of a microbial population can be derived by assuming a single substrate enzyme-catalysed reaction (Michaelis-Menten kinetics) as the rate-limiting step in microbial growth. In some cases the enzyme which catalyses the rate-limiting step in microbial growth may have more than one substrate binding site and the binding of one substrate molecule to the enzyme facilitates the binding of the next substrate molecule (cooperativity). The presence of cooperativity changes the form of the Michaelis-Menten equation for enzyme-catalysed substrate reactions and also the Monod equation for microbial growth. The number of interacting active sites on an enzyme molecule is an additional parameter in this case. In this article, the cooperative growth model for n interacting sites on the enzyme is derived and compared with the classical Monod model.","PeriodicalId":15255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biochemical toxicology","volume":"13 1","pages":"704-707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73908666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Effect of thermal treatment on Egyptian rice straw hardboard 热处理对埃及稻秸硬纸板的影响
Journal of biochemical toxicology Pub Date : 2007-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/JBT.2570270114
N. A. Fadl, M. Z. Sefain, M. Rakha
{"title":"Effect of thermal treatment on Egyptian rice straw hardboard","authors":"N. A. Fadl, M. Z. Sefain, M. Rakha","doi":"10.1002/JBT.2570270114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JBT.2570270114","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of thermal treatment on the bending strength and water resistance of Egyptian rice straw hardboard manufactured with, or without, different amounts of resins, were investigated. The bending strength falls with increase in heating time and temperature for samples up to 1.5% resin; whereas hardboard with 3% resin showed an initial improvement in bending strength after heating at 140, 160 and 180°C. Heating samples at 200°C drastically reduces bending strength. Water resistance of all samples was improved by heat treatment.","PeriodicalId":15255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biochemical toxicology","volume":"6 1","pages":"93-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75521379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Thermal conductivity and viscosity of normal C2–C6 aliphatic carboxylic Acids 正常C2-C6脂肪族羧酸的导热性和粘度
Journal of biochemical toxicology Pub Date : 2007-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/JBT.2570270144
W. Kynaston, J. F. Martin
{"title":"Thermal conductivity and viscosity of normal C2–C6 aliphatic carboxylic Acids","authors":"W. Kynaston, J. F. Martin","doi":"10.1002/JBT.2570270144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JBT.2570270144","url":null,"abstract":"Equipment for measurements of thermal conductivity and viscosity of liquids in the temperature range 273–350 K and at atmospheric pressure is described. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric and hexanoic acids in the liquid state have been measured. The values obtained are compared with published data and the ratio of thermal conductivity, λ, to viscosity, η, is examined in the form of the dimensionless quantities, Mλ/Rη and cpη/λ (Prandtl number).","PeriodicalId":15255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biochemical toxicology","volume":"435 1","pages":"296-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76498240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Estimation of productivities in repeated fed batch cephalosporn fermentation 分批次重复投料头孢菌素发酵产率的估计
Journal of biochemical toxicology Pub Date : 2007-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/JBT.2570270132
A. Trilli, Verardo Michelini, V. Mantovani, S. Pirt
{"title":"Estimation of productivities in repeated fed batch cephalosporn fermentation","authors":"A. Trilli, Verardo Michelini, V. Mantovani, S. Pirt","doi":"10.1002/JBT.2570270132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JBT.2570270132","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of fed batch culture was tested on the cephalosporin C fermentation. In repeated fed batch culture a constant fraction of the culture volume is removed at fixed intervals. Since the productivity (output rate/unit volume) and specific rate of product formation may vary throughout the fed batch cycle, an “average productivity” and “average specific rate of product formation” which describe the overall behaviour of the system over several cycles are introduced. The test shows that the quasi-steady state of cephalosporin production predicted by fed batch theory can be maintained during at least 3.6 culture volume changes. The fed batch method of culture increased the productivity of the culture about 1.3 times with respect to that of simple batch culture whilst the cephalosporin C concentration was about the same in each type of culture.","PeriodicalId":15255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biochemical toxicology","volume":"3 1","pages":"219-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87271370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
The filtration characteristics of yeast 酵母的过滤特性
Journal of biochemical toxicology Pub Date : 2007-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/JBT.2570270115
A. Rushton, H. E. Khoo
{"title":"The filtration characteristics of yeast","authors":"A. Rushton, H. E. Khoo","doi":"10.1002/JBT.2570270115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/JBT.2570270115","url":null,"abstract":"The filtration characteristics of yeast cells are reported and the use of the information in process calculations of filtration rates is demonstrated. Comparison is made between filtration properties obtained by vacuum filtration studies and permeability measurements. The kinetics of cell growth are followed by size distribution records.","PeriodicalId":15255,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biochemical toxicology","volume":"264 1","pages":"99-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84665053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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