Journal of Applied Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Ninety-Day Feeding Test of Stacked DBN9936 × DBN9501 Maize on Sprague Dawley Rats","authors":"Yan Li,&nbsp;Chao Han,&nbsp;Lili Shi,&nbsp;Chen Chen,&nbsp;Jinpeng Zhao,&nbsp;Tingting Liu,&nbsp;Qin Zhuo","doi":"10.1002/jat.4733","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jat.4733","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The transgenic maize DBN9936 × DBN9501, which confers resistance to insects and tolerance to herbicides, was developed via conventional cross breeding of transgenic maize DBN9936 and DBN9501. In our present study, a 90-day feeding toxicity study was conducted on Sprague Dawley rats to evaluate the safety of the maize. A total of 140 rats were randomly assigned to seven groups (<i>n</i> = 10/sex/group): one control group, three genetically modified (GM) groups with 17.5%, 35%, and 70% (wt/wt) GM maize, respectively, and three non-GM groups with corresponding incorporation rate of parental maize DBN318. The rats of control group were fed with AIN93G diet. The parameters including body weights, food consumption, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weights, and histopathology were examined during the course of the study. Compared with the non-GM group or AIN93G control group, minor statistical differences were observed for some parameters in some groups, yet none of them was considered a GM-related adverse effect. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that no adverse effect was observed on rats following 90 days feeding with diet containing up to 70% GM maize. The results indicated that stacked maize DBN9936 × DBN9501 was as safe as its parental DBN318 maize.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","volume":"45 4","pages":"646-658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butorphanol Alleviates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Myocardial Injury by Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway","authors":"Shi-Rui Hao,&nbsp;Zi-Feng Xie,&nbsp;Jia-Xin Li,&nbsp;Qin-Zhi Wang,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Wu,&nbsp;Tu Shen,&nbsp;Qiao-Ling Wu","doi":"10.1002/jat.4736","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jat.4736","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ischemic heart disease remains a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Butorphanol, as a novel opioid, has been discovered with its cardioprotective properties. The purpose of this study was to explore that butorphanol can alleviate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced myocardial injury by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. In this study, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and Western blotting experiments were performed to observe butorphanol cardioprotective function and expression of Wnt signaling pathway proteins. For the main result, anti-apoptotic effect and higher expression of Wnt signaling pathway proteins were observed with the increasing concentrations of butorphanol. Compared with the H/R group, higher cellular viability, lower LDH release, and smaller apoptotic cell population were found in the butorphanol group. In addition, expression levels of apoptosis-related protein Bax and Cleaved Caspase-3 decreased, and increased expression of Bcl-2 were observed. Conversely, the protective effects of butorphanol were attenuated in the XAV939 group. In summary, butorphanol attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardial injury by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Our work provides a theoretical basis for butorphanol's myocardial protective function.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","volume":"45 4","pages":"636-645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Sensitization Potency Prediction Based on Read-Across (RAx) Incorporating RhE-Based Testing Strategy (RTSv1)–Defined Approach: RTSv1-Based RAx","authors":"Sho Suzuki,&nbsp;Hideyuki Mizumachi,&nbsp;Masaaki Miyazawa","doi":"10.1002/jat.4737","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jat.4737","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, nonanimal approaches for skin sensitization have been developed in response to political, regulatory, and ethical demands. The reconstructed human epidermis (RhE)–based testing strategy (RTS)v1–defined approach (DA) is used to categorize skin sensitization potency. However, the RTSv1 DA alone cannot be used to predict potency based on EC3 values [the estimated concentration that produces a stimulation index of 3 in the local lymph node assay (LLNA)], and underpredictions have been reported. Read-across (RAx) can complement DA data and improve prediction confidence. Although case studies combining new approach methodology/DA data with RAx have been reported, they focus on a single target chemical and lack a comprehensive and robust strategy with well-examined reliability. This study developed a strategy incorporating the RTSv1 DA into RAx (RTSv1-based RAx) to predict skin sensitization potency, applying it to 43 chemicals. The predictive performance of RTSv1-based RAx was evaluated by comparing its predicted potency category and EC3 outcomes with those of RTSv1 DA and the LLNA. RTSv1-based RAx accurately predicted the Globally Harmonized System of Classification (GHS) subcategorization for 38 chemicals and determined the predicted EC3 values for 17 sensitizers within a fourfold range of LLNA-derived EC3 values. This study demonstrates that RTSv1-based RAx offers robust predictivity for both GHS subcategorization and predicted EC3 values, making it useful for quantitative risk assessment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","volume":"45 4","pages":"620-635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Implications of Proinflammatory Cytokine Activity at Different Levels of Fluoride Exposure: A Systematic Review","authors":"Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco,&nbsp;Nelly Molina-Frechero,&nbsp;Sandra López-Verdín,&nbsp;Ronell Bologna-Molina","doi":"10.1002/jat.4734","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jat.4734","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The chronic intake of excessive fluoride (F⁻) (&gt;  1.5 mg/L) affects several tissues, organs, and systems. This represents a worldwide issue due to the presence of the compound in nature, with drinking water being the main source of exposure. The underlying mechanisms by which F⁻ is toxic are not completely understood, but proinflammatory cytokine activity is implicated in these events. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the health implications of proinflammatory cytokine activity at different levels of F⁻ exposure. The search for original studies in which the activity of proinflammatory cytokines was assessed under exposure to F⁻ was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, Springer, EBSCO, and Google Scholar databases by applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024546726). Sixteen studies were analyzed in the present review. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β), IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, C-reactive protein, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were the proinflammatory cytokines identified in the included reports. Alterations in cytokine activity were observed in response to varying levels of F⁻ exposure, implicating an increased risk of toxicity and damage to the evaluated structures by highlighting the role of inflammation in the progression of these processes. Hence, the activity of proinflammatory cytokines at different levels of F⁻ exposure has important implications for health, where inflammation plays a relevant role in the underlying mechanisms related to the resulting toxicity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","volume":"45 7","pages":"1191-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arenobufagin Induces Ferroptosis in Glioblastoma Cells via Modulating the MiR-149-5p/AEBP1 Axis","authors":"Renzhi Hu,&nbsp;Sisi Tang,&nbsp;Yanrui Xiang,&nbsp;Shuyong Qin","doi":"10.1002/jat.4732","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jat.4732","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accumulating evidences have proved Arenobufagin (ArBu) exhibited cytotoxic effects to multiple types of cancer. However, in glwioblastoma (GBM), which is easy to develop resistance to classic chemotherapy reagent, the therapeutic effects of ArBu have not been explored. In the current study, we found that GBM cells were sensitive to ArBu treatment and ArBu induced cell death both in a dose-dependent and a time-dependent manner. ArBu was observed to promote ROS accumulating and elevate Fe²⁺/MDA/GSH level, which lead to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, ArBu significantly downregulated AEBP1 expression and decreased the mRNA stability of AEBP1 without affecting its transcription. Then, AEBP1 mRNA was predicted to bind with miR-149-5p in GBM cells, which directly target its 3′UTR. At last, we found ArBu could upregulate miR-149-5p to suppress AEBP1 expression, and the rescue experiments confirmed miR-149-5p/AEBP1 axis regulated ferroptosis, which underlay the therapeutic effects of ArBu in GBM cells. This study revealed that ArBu induced ferroptosis in a dose-dependent manner via modulating miR-149-5p/AEBP1 axis. It provides evidences for clinical application of ArBu for GBM.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","volume":"45 4","pages":"606-619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Assessment of Butyric Acid-Rich Triglyceride Oil: A Novel Palatable Formulation of Butyrate for the Pediatric Population","authors":"John A. Watson,&nbsp;Sophie Nutten,&nbsp;Angelique Groot,&nbsp;Roy Hoffmans,&nbsp;Lars Damen,&nbsp;Eleonore Olivier,&nbsp;John Barnett Jr,&nbsp;Amaury Patin","doi":"10.1002/jat.4729","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jat.4729","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;A novel, palatable butyric acid-rich triglyceride oil has been developed and is available as a food supplement for adults in the United States and Canada. A program of safety studies was conducted with butyric acid-rich triglyceride oil for the pediatric population.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;p&gt;The oil was tested in a microbial reverse mutation assay Ames Test OECD471 (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) in which all bacterial strains showed negative responses over the complete dose range in two independently repeated experiments. All values were within the laboratory historical control data ranges. Further, data from the human lymphocyte micronucleus assay (OECD487) in the presence or absence of a metabolic activator (S9-mix), the oil did not induce a biologically relevant increase in the number of binucleated cells with micronuclei; therefore, the oil is considered not to be clastogenic or aneugenic. In a 90-day rat repeat dose toxicity study (OECD408), there were no unscheduled deaths, no treatment-related clinical signs, or effects on body weight and body weight gain, food consumption, ophthalmology, FOB parameters (including motor activity), clinical chemistry including thyroid hormones, and sperm parameters. There were no related organ weight changes, macroscopic or microscopic findings. In an extended one-generation reproductive toxicology study (EOGRTS) OECD443, there were no biologically important changes in body weight or body weight gain observed in the P generation male rats during the dosing period. At the end of the dosing period, the mean body weights in the male rats were 98% and 98% of the control group value in the 3720 and 4650 mg/kg/day dose groups, respectively. No biologically important changes in maternal body weights or body weight gains were observed during the premating, gestation, or lactation periods at dose levels up to and including 4650 mg/kg/day. Clinical signs observed in the P generation males and females were within the historical data ranges and not test substance related. There were no test substance-related changes in any other tested outcomes analyzed in the P generation males and females at doses up to and including 4650 mg/kg/day. In the F1 Generation, preweaning clinical signs observed in the males and females were within the historical data ranges and not test article related. There were no statistically significant or biologically relevant abnormalities in any of the parameters analyzed throughout the preweaning period at maternal dose levels up to and including 4650 mg/kg/day. In the postweaning period, there were also no clinical signs observed in males and females; all were within the historical data ranges and not test article related. There were no statistically significant or biologically relevant abnormalities in any of the parameters analyzed throughout the postweaning period at maternal dose levels up to and including 4650 mg/kg/day including body weights. Tak","PeriodicalId":15242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","volume":"45 4","pages":"587-605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure of Porcine Oocytes to Methylparaben During In Vitro Maturation Alters the Expression of Genes Involved in Cumulus Cell Expansion and Steroidogenesis, Decreasing Hyaluronic Acid and Progesterone Synthesis","authors":"Adyeni Barajas-Salinas,&nbsp;Iván Bahena,&nbsp;Juan José Rodríguez-Mercado,&nbsp;Lizbeth Juárez-Rojas,&nbsp;Miguel Betancourt,&nbsp;Elivier Núñez-Macías,&nbsp;Yenny Ramírez-Jara,&nbsp;Alma López,&nbsp;Eduardo Casas,&nbsp;Edmundo Bonilla,&nbsp;Zayil Salazar,&nbsp;Fahiel Casillas","doi":"10.1002/jat.4727","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jat.4727","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parabens are widely used because of their antimicrobial properties in drugs, cosmetics, and food; however, it has been reported that methylparaben may adversely influence female reproduction. Methylparaben decreases oocyte in vitro maturation at a maturation inhibition concentration 50 of 780.31 μM but also decreases oocyte viability at a lethal concentration 50 of 2028.38 μM. Additionally, parabens are endocrine disruptors, affecting steroidogenesis as well as cumulus cell expansion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate some of the mechanisms by which methylparaben alters cumulus cell expansion and decreases oocyte maturation through the evaluation of gene expression related to cumulus cell expansion, hyaluronic acid, and progesterone synthesis. For this, oocytes were exposed to different methylparaben concentrations of 0 (control), 650, 780, and 1000 μM for 20 and 44 h of in vitro maturation. The cumulus cell expansion rates, maturation rates, gene expression rates, and hyaluronic acid and progesterone concentrations were revaluated after 20 and 44 h of culture. At sublethal concentrations, methylparaben decreased in vitro maturation as well as cumulus cell expansion at 44 h. Additionally, methylparaben decreased the expression of <i>Has2</i> and <i>Cd44</i> at 20 and 44 h of maturation. The expression levels of <i>Stard1</i>, <i>Cyp11a1</i>, and <i>Hsd3b1</i> were also altered by methylparaben exposure at 20 and 44 h of maturation, suggesting its role as an endocrine disruptor. Hyaluronic acid and progesterone concentrations in the culture medium decreased at 20 and 44 h. These findings could partially explain some of the mechanisms by which methylparaben alters female fertility.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","volume":"45 4","pages":"563-575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythrosine-Induced Neurotoxicity: Evaluating Enzymatic Dysfunction, Oxidative Damage, DNA Damage, and Histopathological Alterations in Wistar Rats","authors":"Mandeep Singh,&nbsp;Pooja Chadha","doi":"10.1002/jat.4731","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jat.4731","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Erythrosine, a synthetic red dye widely used in food products, has been linked to potential health risks, raising concerns about its safety. This study aimed to evaluate the subacute toxicity of the synthetic food dye erythrosine in the brains of Wistar rats. Twenty-four 6- to 7-week-old female rats were randomly divided into four groups of six (<i>n</i> = 6); the control group and the other three groups, which were established on the basis of erythrosine's acceptable daily intake (ADI, 0.1 mg per kg body weight); 1/4 ADI, 1/2 ADI, and ADI; for 28 days. Significant alterations in the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were observed at all erythrosine dosages, with a substantial decline at ADI dosages (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). Increased oxidative stress markers, viz., malondialdehyde content and lactate dehydrogenase activity, were observed in ADI-administered rats. The H₂O₂ content decreased at 1/4 ADI and 1/2 ADI dosages and thereafter increased with increasing dosage. The comet assay demonstrated that the ADI dosage for 28 days resulted in the most significant damage, as evidenced by the increased tail length, tail DNA percentage, and tail moment. Light microscopy revealed various anomalies in brain histology, such as atrophies, vacuolization, shrunken cells, pyknotic nuclei, and reduced cell density. The results of the present study demonstrated that erythrosine disrupts the normal histopathology of the brain, suppresses antioxidative and acetylcholinesterase enzymatic activity, and increases lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, thereby resulting in erythrosine toxicity even at doses lower than the ADI.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","volume":"45 4","pages":"576-586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergothioneine Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting Glycerophospholipids Metabolism and TGF-β/Smads Signaling Pathway: Based on Metabonomics and Network Pharmacology","authors":"Yaping Mao,&nbsp;Zhenghui Xie,&nbsp;Xiangxia Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Fu,&nbsp;Xiaotong Yu,&nbsp;Lili Deng,&nbsp;Xiu Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Hou,&nbsp;Xiao Wang,&nbsp;Mingyue Ma,&nbsp;Fu Ren","doi":"10.1002/jat.4728","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jat.4728","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ergothioneine (EGT) is a diet-derived natural sulfur-containing amino acid that exhibits strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation activities. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory injury are predominant pro-fibrogenic factors. Therefore, EGT may have therapeutic potential against liver fibrosis; however, its underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. This study aimed at investigating the protective effects of EGT on liver fibrosis based on metabonomics and network pharmacology. A mouse model of liver fibrosis was established by intraperitoneal injection with 40% CCl₄ solution (2 mL/kg, twice a week) and intragastric administration with EGT (5, 10 mg/kg/d) for six weeks. Results showed that EGT improved liver function by reducing serum levels of ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and TBIL (total bilirubin), and alleviated liver fibrosis by reducing LN (laminin) and HyP (hydroxyproline) levels, decreasing expressions of α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin), Col-I (collagen type I), and Col-III (collagen type III), and improving pathological changes. EGT also significantly inhibited CCl₄-induced hepatic inflammation and TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway. Metabolomics identified six key metabolic pathways, such as purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism, and eight key metabolites, such as xanthine, guanine, ATP, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingosine. Network pharmacology analysis showed that IL-17, cAMP and NF-κB signaling pathways were potential key mechanisms. Integrated analysis revealed that PLA2G2A might be a potential target of EGT against liver fibrosis. EGT may inhibit the glycerophospholipid metabolism through PLA2G2A to inhibit the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway, thereby alleviating fibrosis. The present study indicates that EGT may be considered a valid therapeutic strategy to regress liver fibrosis, and provides novel insights into the pharmacological mechanism of EGT against liver fibrosis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","volume":"45 3","pages":"514-530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural, Teratogenic and Genotoxic Effects of Antibacterial Compounds, Triclocarban and Triclosan, in Hydra vulgaris","authors":"Aditya Mohan Menon,&nbsp;Gayathri R. Chandran,&nbsp;Vijayakumar Bommuraj,&nbsp;Babu Rajendran Ramaswamy,&nbsp;Thirumurugan Ramasamy","doi":"10.1002/jat.4730","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jat.4730","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) are antibacterial compounds used in household, veterinary, industrial and personal care products, which are known to be environmental pollutants and also toxic to organisms. The toxicological effects of these antibacterial chemicals on higher organisms have been studied in detail. But in lower invertebrates like hydra, it is still rare and yet to be explored. In this study, the toxicological effects of these two antibacterial compounds in <i>Hydra vulgaris</i> was performed to clearly understand the organismal, developmental, molecular and behavioural changes. Both TCC and TCS are toxic with respective LC₅₀ values of 0.09 and 0.25 mg/L, whereas TCC is comparatively more toxic than TCS. The structural damage of battery cell complexes (BCCs) on the tentacles was observed and ultimately made prey capturing difficult. It was evident that TCC and TCS exposure caused developmental toxicity by affecting reproduction and regeneration in <i>H. vulgaris</i> at higher sublethal doses (0.045 and 0.125 mg/L, respectively). TCC and TCS also caused DNA damage resulting in apoptosis. This study further reveals that these two antibacterial compounds are teratogenic and genotoxic in the organisms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15242,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Toxicology","volume":"45 4","pages":"551-562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}