Journal of Central Nervous System Disease最新文献

{"title":"Preliminary Report of the Safety and Tolerability of 1 Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.","authors":"Roman Gersner,&nbsp;Lindsay M Oberman,&nbsp;Maria J Sanchez,&nbsp;Nicolas Chiriboga,&nbsp;Harper L Kaye,&nbsp;Alvaro Pascual-Leone,&nbsp;Abraham Zangen,&nbsp;Alexander Rotenberg","doi":"10.1177/11795735221088522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735221088522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low frequency (≤1 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to suppress cortical excitability and is beginning to be trialed for the treatment of refractory epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As a step toward a larger trial, the current pilot study was aimed to test the tolerability and safety of temporal lobe rTMS using H-coil for the treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).</p><p><strong>Research design: </strong>1800 pulses of active or sham rTMS were applied 5  days a week for 2 weeks over the temporal lobe of the affected hemisphere.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine participants were enrolled and randomized to verum or sham stimulation. One participant dropped out from the sham group after 5 rTMS sessions. In-session, 3 patients had typical seizures during sham stimulation. One patient had seizures also during active stimulation (albeit fewer than during sham). Minor reported adverse events during stimulation otherwise included transient neck pain and headache, and were reported in equal numbers in both groups. Major adverse events were not reported. Our results indicate that H-coil rTMS was well-tolerated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the relatively high prevalence of individuals with TLE who are treatment-resistant and the preliminary results of this study, we suggest that a larger safety and efficacy trial of 1 Hz rTMS for the treatment of TLE is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/54/0c/10.1177_11795735221088522.PMC9092568.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9110520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to healthy dietary pattern is associated with lower risk of multiple sclerosis","authors":"F. Keykhaei, Somayeh Norouzy, M. Froughipour, M. Nematy, M. Saeidi, L. Jarahi, Fatemeh Amiri, Mahsa Malek Ahmadi, A. Norouzy","doi":"10.1177/11795735221092516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735221092516","url":null,"abstract":"Background Different studies have confirmed the role of nutritional factors in the etiology of Multiple sclerosis (MS). However, dietary patterns associated with the risk of MS remain unknown. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between the existing dietary patterns and the risk of MS. Methods This case-control study was conducted in Mashhad city, Iran in 2015. In total, 197 MS patients and 200 control subjects (matched in terms of age, gender, education level, and body mass index) were enrolled in this study. The required data were collected through interviews and questionnaire completion. Moreover, the data on the usual dietary intake of each participant during the past year were evaluated using a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (160 items). Logistic regression analysis was applied to discover the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of MS. Results Four major dietary patterns were identified in this study, including Unhealthy, Western, Healthy, and Traditional. After adjustment for smoking habits, the family history of autoimmune diseases and the duration of breastfeeding, the highest tertile of Healthy dietary pattern was found to be associated with the reduced risk of MS by 74% (OR = .26; P < .001), whereas the Unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with a three-fold increased risk of MS (OR = 3.04; P < .001). However, no correlation was observed between the Western and Traditional dietary patterns and the risk of MS. Conclusion According to the results of this study, a healthy diet may reduce the risk of MS, whereas an unhealthy dietary pattern may.","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46150095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cenobamate for treatment-resistant focal seizures: current evidence and place in therapy","authors":"Alok Singh","doi":"10.1177/11795735211070209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735211070209","url":null,"abstract":"Background Cenobamate is newly approved for partial-onset seizures in adults, albeit the mechanism of its action remain poorly understood. Methods This article aims to review the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cenobamate in treating partial-onset seizures. Data Collection: The English language articles were searched in the National Institute of Health clinical trials registry, PubMed, and the Cochrane library between 2010 and June 2021 using the keywords cenobamate, YKP 3089, and seizure, and filter “trial” was applied. Results: A total of 31 articles were retrieved. Eventually, two randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trials involving 659 patients were analyzed. Cenobamate has shown significant reduction in seizure frequency compared to placebo. In cenobamate group, a greater number of participants showed ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency, adverse effects, and drug discontinuation compared to placebo. Multiple drug-drug interactions with other anti-seizure drugs were also observed. Conclusions Based on the findings of these trials, cenobamate seems to be an attractive option for treatment-resistant partial-onset seizures; however, multiple treatment-related adverse effects and drug-drug interactions are the areas of concern.","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44400531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Fumaric Acid-Treated Psoriasis Patient With Severe Lymphopenia Among Other Risk Factors.","authors":"Sinah Engel,&nbsp;Lara S Molina Galindo,&nbsp;Stefan Bittner,&nbsp;Frauke Zipp,&nbsp;Felix Luessi","doi":"10.1177/11795735211037798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735211037798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a potentially fatal condition caused by a brain infection with JC polyomavirus (JCV), which occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients. Modern immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatments for cancers and autoimmune diseases have been accompanied by increasing numbers of PML cases. We report a psoriasis patient treated with fumaric acid esters (FAEs) with concomitant hypopharyngeal carcinoma and chronic alcohol abuse who developed PML. Grade 4 lymphopenia at the time point of PML diagnosis suggested an immunocompromised state. This case underscores the importance of immune cell monitoring in patients treated with FAEs, even more so in the presence of additional risk factors for an immune dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/a4/10.1177_11795735211037798.PMC8725211.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39904404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Evoked Potentials in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.","authors":"Otto Jesus Hernandez Fustes,&nbsp;Cláudia S K Kay,&nbsp;Paulo José Lorenzoni,&nbsp;Renata D-P Ducci,&nbsp;Lineu C Werneck,&nbsp;Rosana Herminia Scola","doi":"10.1177/11795735211057315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735211057315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are rare antibody-mediated disorders of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the spinal cord and optic nerves. The clinical utility of evoked potential recordings (EPs) has already been established for multiple sclerosis, in particular, that of the abnormal visual evoked potentials (VEP), a key criterion in the McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS. However, there have been few reports on EPs in patients with NMOSD.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of our study was to assess the possible involvement of the optical pathway through VEP responses in patients with NMOSD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>VEPs were prospectively performed in 13 patients with NMOSD. All the patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a demyelinating diseases center. The recording was done as recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We evaluated the eyes of 12 women with a mean age of 42 years and of one man who was 25 years old. In 6 of the examined eye samples, a response was not obtained, while in the remaining 20 eye samples, we found a significant increase in P100 latency without amplitude change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VEPs showed a significant increase in P100 latency. VEP assessment is a non-invasive, painless, fast, and low-cost exam that provides neurophysiological data for diagnosis of NMOSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0e/1d/10.1177_11795735211057315.PMC8724984.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39904405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations for traveling to altitude with neurological disorders.","authors":"Marika Falla, Guido Giardini, Corrado Angelini","doi":"10.1177/11795735211053448","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795735211053448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several neurological conditions might worsen with the exposure to high altitude (HA). The aim of this review was to summarize the available knowledge on the neurological HA illnesses and the risk for people with neurological disorders to attend HA locations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of literature was conducted for several neurological disorders in PubMed and other databases since 1970. The neurological conditions searched were migraine, different cerebrovascular disease, intracranial space occupying mass, multiple sclerosis, peripheral neuropathies, neuromuscular disorders, epileptic seizures, delirium, dementia, and Parkinson's disease (PD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Attempts were made to classify the risk posed by each condition and to provide recommendations regarding medical evaluation and advice for or against traveling to altitude. Individual cases should be advised after careful examination and risk evaluation performed either in an outpatient mountain medicine service or by a physician with knowledge of HA risks. Preliminary diagnostic methods and anticipation of neurological complications are needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our recommendations suggest <i>absolute</i> contraindications to HA exposure for the following neurological conditions: (1) Unstable conditions-such as recent strokes, (2) Diabetic neuropathy, (3) Transient ischemic attack in the last month, (4) Brain tumors, and 5. Neuromuscular disorders with a decrease of forced vital capacity >60%. We consider the following <i>relative</i> contraindications where decision has to be made case by case: (1) Epilepsy based on recurrence of seizure and stabilization with the therapy, (2) PD (± obstructive sleep apnea syndrome-OSAS), (3) Mild Cognitive Impairment (± OSAS), and (4) Patent foramen ovale and migraine have to be considered risk factors for acute mountain sickness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0b/60/10.1177_11795735211053448.PMC8695750.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39763725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Channelopathy of Dravet Syndrome and Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabidiol.","authors":"Changqing Xu,&nbsp;Yumin Zhang,&nbsp;David Gozal,&nbsp;Paul Carney","doi":"10.1177/11795735211048045","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795735211048045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dravet syndrome (DS) is a channelopathy, neurodevelopmental, epileptic encephalopathy characterized by seizures, developmental delay, and cognitive impairment that includes susceptibility to thermally induced seizures, spontaneous seizures, ataxia, circadian rhythm and sleep disorders, autistic-like behaviors, and premature death. More than 80% of DS cases are linked to mutations in genes which encode voltage-gated sodium channel subunits, SCN1A and SCN1B, which encode the Nav1.1α subunit and Nav1.1β1 subunit, respectively. There are other gene mutations encoding potassium, calcium, and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels related to DS. One-third of patients have pharmacoresistance epilepsy. DS is unresponsive to standard therapy. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid present in Cannabis, has been introduced for treating DS because of its anticonvulsant properties in animal models and humans, especially in pharmacoresistant patients. However, the etiological channelopathiological mechanism of DS and action mechanism of CBD on the channels are unclear. In this review, we summarize evidence of the direct and indirect action mechanism of sodium, potassium, calcium, and HCN channels in DS, especially sodium subunits. Some channels' loss-of-function or gain-of-function in inhibitory or excitatory neurons determine the balance of excitatory and inhibitory are associated with DS. A great variety of mechanisms of CBD anticonvulsant effects are focused on modulating these channels, especially sodium, calcium, and potassium channels, which will shed light on ionic channelopathy of DS and the precise molecular treatment of DS in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fa/01/10.1177_11795735211048045.PMC8724990.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10263866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudo-seizure, an Atypical Presentation of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Female: A Case Report.","authors":"Timothy Yong Qun Leow,&nbsp;Raja Sadhu,&nbsp;Mark Mayall,&nbsp;Brett McDermott,&nbsp;Bianca Botha,&nbsp;Michalis Yiallourides,&nbsp;Monica Mongia","doi":"10.1177/11795735211063985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735211063985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This paper describes pseudo-seizure as an atypical presentation of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in an adolescent female in the context of psychosocial difficulties. We present the case, which explains the clinical dilemma in such situations, along with selective literature review.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>An adolescent female, who is an academic high achiever, living with parents, presented with unresponsive spells which were initially treated with antiepileptics by the paediatrician without any significant improvement. Later, after further assessments and revision of her diagnosis to conversion disorder, she was referred to the child and youth mental health service team. Further evaluation revealed her symptoms to be a result of multiple psychosocial stressors in the context of her having undiagnosed ADHD. Individual therapy, treatment with stimulant, resulted in significant improvement in her school and home adjustments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case demonstrates the diagnostic challenges that high-functioning girls with ADHD coloured by psychosocial stressors can pose and raises the need for reviewing our diagnostic approaches in these situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/50/38/10.1177_11795735211063985.PMC8695742.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39763763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optic Nerve Demyelination in IgG4 Anti-Neurofascin 155 Antibody-Positive Combined Central and Peripheral Demyelination Syndrome.","authors":"Alice Verghese,&nbsp;Dhayalan Krishnan,&nbsp;Yuen Kang Chia,&nbsp;Luis Querol,&nbsp;Fu Liong Hiew","doi":"10.1177/11795735211039913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735211039913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optic nerve demyelination is one of the clinical features of combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD), an entity with heterogenous immunopathogenesis and clinical characteristics, overlapping between multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Of interest, earlier studies among patients with CIDP prior to discovery of antibodies against paranodal protein neurofascin 155 (anti-NF 155) also reported optic nerve dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate optic nerve demyelination among anti-NF 155 CIDP patients. We studied 2 patients with anti-NF 155 CIDP using visual-evoked potentials (VEP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Both patients had distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) subtype CIDP. Other common features were prominent sensory ataxia, hand tremors, significantly elevated cerebral spinal fluid protein, high titre anti-NF 155 antibodies and poor response to corticosteroid and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). No central nervous system neuroradiological abnormality detected. Both had normal visual acuity and colour vision, but one had subclinical right relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). VEP of both showed bilateral prolonged P100 latencies. OCT for patient with RAPD demonstrated moderate to severe retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning. Identification of optic nerve demyelination among subclinical CIDP with anti-NF 155 antibodies expanded the spectrum of demyelination within the subset of CCPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cc/e1/10.1177_11795735211039913.PMC8655830.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39808207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humoral immune response and lymphocyte levels after complete vaccination against COVID-19 in a cohort of multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets.","authors":"Christoph Grothe, Falk Steffen, Stefan Bittner","doi":"10.1177/11795735211060118","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795735211060118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving immunomodulatory drugs were excluded from clinical trials on COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, data regarding the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines to induce humoral immunity in MS patients treated with B- and T-cell depleting agents is urgently warranted. Cladribine tablets are a high-efficacy disease-modifying treatment that exerts its therapeutic effect via sustained but transient lymphocyte depletion.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We report humoral responses in a German cohort of MS patients treated with cladribine tablets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis included patients ≥18 years who were treated with cladribine tablets for relapsing MS in the first or second year and were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Two weeks after the second vaccination at the earliest, blood samples were obtained for the assessment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, lymphocyte counts, B-cells, CD4⁺ T-cells, and CD8⁺ T-cells. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were quantified with the LIAISON^® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG assay. Positivity was defined at a cutoff value of 33.8 BAU/mL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 38 patients (73.7% female, aged 23-66 years) were included in the analysis. Ten patients (26.3%) were treatment-naïve before initiating treatment with cladribine tablets. Most patients (84.2%) received mRNA vaccines. The time between the last dose of cladribine tablets and vaccination ranged between 2 and 96 weeks. Six patients (15.8%) were vaccinated within 4 weeks of their last cladribine dose. All patients achieved positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels. Humoral immune response was independent of age, time of vaccination in relation to the last cladribine dose, lymphocyte counts as well as B- and T-cell counts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treatment with cladribine tablets did not impair humoral response to COVID-19 vaccination. Time since last cladribine dose, age, prior therapy, lymphocyte count as well as B- and T-cell counts had no effect on seropositivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4e/40/10.1177_11795735211060118.PMC8647228.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39703632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}