Journal of Central Nervous System Disease最新文献

{"title":"Fatigue in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Clinical Phenomenology, Comorbidities and Association With Initial Course of COVID-19","authors":"L. Diem, Livia Fregolente-Gomes, J. Warncke, H. Hammer, C. Friedli, N. Kamber, Simon Jung, S. Bigi, M. Funke-Chambour, A. Chan, C. Bassetti, A. Salmen, R. Hoepner","doi":"10.1177/11795735221102727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735221102727","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Post-COVID-19 syndrome affects approximately 10-25% of people suffering from COVID-19 infection, irrespective of initial COVID-19 severity. Fatigue is one of the major symptoms, occurring in 30-90% of people with post-COVID-19 syndrome. This study aims at describing factors associated with fatigue in people with Post-COVID-19 seen in our newly established Post-Covid clinic. Methods This retrospective single center study included 42 consecutive patients suffering from Post-COVID-19 syndrome treated at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bern, between 11/2020 and05/2021. Clinical phenomenology of Post-COVID-19 syndrome with a special focus on fatigue and risk factor identification was performed using Mann-Whitney U Test, Pearson Correlation, and Chi-Quadrat-Test. Results Fatigue (90.5%) was the most prevalent Post-COVID-19 symptom followed by depressive mood (52.4%) and sleep disturbance (47.6%). Fatigue was in mean severe (Fatigue severity scale (FSS) mean 5.5 points (95% Confidence interval (95CI) 5.1 - 5.9, range .9 - 6.9, n = 40), and it was unrelated to age, COVID-19 severity or sex. The only related factors with fatigue severity were daytime sleepiness and depressed mood. Conclusion Fatigue is the main symptom of the Post-COVID-19 syndrome in our cohort. Further studies describing this syndrome are needed to prepare the healthcare systems for the challenge of treating patients with Post-COVID-19 syndrome.","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47691164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stronger Microstructural Damage Revealed in Multiple Sclerosis Lesions With Central Vein Sign by Quantitative Gradient Echo MRI.","authors":"Victoria A Levasseur, Biao Xiang, Amber Salter, Dmitriy A Yablonskiy, Anne H Cross","doi":"10.1177/11795735221084842","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11795735221084842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions typically form around a central vein that can be visualized with FLAIR* MRI, creating the central vein sign (CVS) which may reflect lesion pathophysiology. Herein we used gradient echo plural contrast imaging (GEPCI) MRI to simultaneously visualize CVS and measure tissue damage in MS lesions. We examined CVS in relation to tissue integrity in white matter (WM) lesions and among MS subtypes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to determine if CVS positive lesions were specific to MS subtype, if CVS can be detected consistently among readers using the GEPCI method, and if there were differences in tissue damage in lesions with vs without CVS.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Thirty relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) subjects and 38 primary and secondary progressive MS (PMS) subjects were scanned with GEPCI protocol at 3T. GEPCI T2*-SWI images were generated to visualize CVS. Two investigators independently evaluated WM lesions for CVS and measured lesion volumes. To estimate tissue damage severity, total lesion volume, and mean lesion volume, R2t*-based tissue damage score (TDS) of individual lesions and tissue damage load (TDL) were measured for CVS+, CVS-, and confluent lesions. Spearman correlations were made between MRI and clinical data. One-way ANCOVA with age and sex as covariates was used to compare measurements of CVS+ vs CVS- lesions in each individual.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>398 of 548 lesions meeting inclusion criteria showed CVS. Most patients had ≥40% CVS+ lesions. CVS+ lesions were present in similar proportion among MS subtypes. Interobserver agreement was high for CVS detection. CVS+ and confluent lesions had higher average and total volumes vs CVS- lesions. CVS+ and confluent lesions had more tissue damage than CVS- lesions based on TDL and mean TDS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CVS occurred in RRMS and PMS in similar proportions. CVS+ lesions had greater tissue damage and larger size than CVS- lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":"14 ","pages":"11795735221084842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9e/9f/10.1177_11795735221084842.PMC8973074.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10361599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glaucomatous Type Cupping Caused by Internal Carotid Artery Compression: a Case Report.","authors":"Francesco Pellegrini,&nbsp;Alessandra Cuna,&nbsp;Giovanni Prosdocimo","doi":"10.1177/11795735221081588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735221081588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 71-year-old woman with a diagnosis of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) presented with complains of progressive visual loss in the right eye. Examination revealed features consistent with compressive optic neuropathy. Although brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was initially interpreted as normal, re-evaluation disclosed a compression on the right optic nerve from the right internal carotid artery. We highlight the clinical differential diagnosis between NTG and compressive optic neuropathy. This case is a reminder that a compressive optic neuropathy may be caused by anatomical variation of normal intracranial structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":" ","pages":"11795735221081588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/92/10.1177_11795735221081588.PMC8854233.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39938477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy with genetic diagnosis: description of a case series in a tertiary referral hospital.","authors":"Carmen Arenas-Cabrera,&nbsp;Pablo Baena-Palomino,&nbsp;Javier Sánchez-García,&nbsp;María Oliver-Romero,&nbsp;Yamin Chocrón-González,&nbsp;Manuel Caballero-Martínez","doi":"10.1177/11795735211060114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735211060114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) is characterized by asymmetric tonic/dystonic posturing and/or complex hyperkinetic seizures occurring mostly during sleep. Experts agree that SHE should be considered a unique syndrome.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We present 8 cases of SHE for which a genetic diagnosis was carried out using a multigene epilepsy panel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively screened familial and isolated cases of SHE in current follow-ups in our center.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 8 (5F/3M) patients, 5 of whom had a positive familial history of epilepsy. We identified a pathogenic mutation in <i>CHRNA4</i>, <i>CHRNB2</i>, and 3 different pathogenic changes in <i>DEPDC5</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Awareness of SHE needs to be raised, given its implications for finding an appropriate treatment, its relationship to cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities, and the opportunity to prevent the disorder in the descendants. We present our series with their clinical, radiological, electroencephalographic, and genetic characteristics, in which we found 3 pathogenic mutations in the <i>DEPDC5</i> gene but not previously reported in the literature. Identifying new pathogenic mutations or new genes responsible for SHE will facilitate a better understanding of the disease and a correct genetic counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":" ","pages":"11795735211060114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/5a/10.1177_11795735211060114.PMC8844731.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39934108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the effect and treatment sequence between a 2-week parallel repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and rehabilitation and a 2-week rehabilitation-only intervention during a 4-week hospitalization for upper limb paralysis after stroke: An open-label, crossover observational study.","authors":"Naoki Yamada,&nbsp;Kazumi Kashiwabara,&nbsp;Toru Takekawa,&nbsp;Midori Hama,&nbsp;Masachika Niimi,&nbsp;Takatoshi Hara,&nbsp;Satoshi Furumizo,&nbsp;Marika Tsuboi","doi":"10.1177/11795735211072731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735211072731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>NEURO^® is a 2-week program that combines low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and intensive occupational therapy (OT) to treat patients with chronic hemiparesis following stroke. The degree to which each element contributes to the improvement of upper limb function remains unclear. It has been suggested that low-frequency rTMS applied to a healthy cerebrum activates neural activity in the contralateral hemispheric area surrounding the lesion. Intensive OT performed in parallel to rTMS promotes the functional remodeling of the cerebrum to help with rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>However, this has not been demonstrated using NEURO^®. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of the NEURO^® and OT-only protocols in patients with hemiparesis following stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-seven patients with upper limb paralysis following stroke were recruited and hospitalized for treatments and randomly divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 16 patients who underwent NEURO^® for the first 2 weeks, and Group B consisted of 21 patients who underwent OT-only for the first 2 weeks. After 2 weeks of hospitalization, the treatments of Groups A and B were reversed for the subsequent 2 weeks of treatment. Improvement in upper limb motor function in Groups A and B at 2 and 4 weeks after the start of treatment was evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment (FMA) and the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group A, who underwent NEURO^® first during their initial 2-week hospitalization, showed significantly greater improvement than that in Group B, who underwent OT-only first (<i>P</i> = .041 for FMA and <i>P</i> < .01 for WMFT). At 4 weeks following the reversal of treatments, Group A who underwent NEURO^® and then OT-only showed significantly greater improvement than that in Group B, who underwent OT-only followed by NEURO^® (<i>P</i> = .011 for FMA and <i>P</i> = .001 for WMFT).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that rTMS facilitates neuromodulation when combined with OT, which leads to more effective rehabilitation than with OT alone (Trial registration: JMACCT (http://www.jmacct.med.or.jp/); trial ID JMA-IIA00215).</p>","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":" ","pages":"11795735211072731"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/16/48/10.1177_11795735211072731.PMC8785323.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39963885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended time window mechanical thrombectomy for pediatric acute ischemic stroke","authors":"Y. Aburto-Murrieta, Beatriz Méndez, J. Marquez-Romero","doi":"10.1177/11795735221098140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735221098140","url":null,"abstract":"Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains an off-label procedure seldom utilized in the pediatric population; this holds especially true for patients presenting outside the standard 6-hour time window. In this review we describe the published literature regarding usage of the extended time window EVT in pediatric stroke. We searched PubMed for all pediatric AIS cases and case series that included patients treated with extended time window EVT. We found data from 38 cases found in 27 publications (15 case reports and 12 case series). The median age was 10 years; 60.5% males. The median NIHSS before EVT was 13 with a median time-to-treatment of 11 hours. The posterior circulation was involved in 50.0%. Stent retrievers were used in 68.5%, and aspiration in 13.2%. Angiographic outcome TICI ≥2B was achieved in 84.2%, whereas TICI˂2B was reported in 10.6%. A favorable clinical outcome (NIHSS score ≤4, modified Rankin score ≤1, or Pediatric Stroke Outcome measure score ≤1) occurred in 84.2%. Eight cases that did not report the clinical outcome employing a standardized scale described mild to absent neurological residual deficits. This study found data that supports that extended window EVT produces high recanalization rates and good clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with AIS. Nevertheless, the source materials are indirect and contain substantial inconsistencies with an increased risk of bias that amount to low evidence strength.","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46530526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Cladribine in Patients who Change From First-Line Disease Modifying Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis: Protocol of a Prospective Effectiveness and Safety Study (CLAD CROSS)","authors":"G. Tsivgoulis, S. Deftereos, C. Gobbi, Elisabeth Gulowsen Celius, A. Kułakowska, G. Maniscalco, Irene Mendes, N. Grigoriadis","doi":"10.1177/11795735211069441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735211069441","url":null,"abstract":"Background Recently, the number of available disease modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) has increased. However, a proportion of patients treated with these agents continue to experience relapses and disease progression. Cladribine tablets, approved in 2017 for highly active relapsing MS, comprise a sparsely administered oral treatment which exerts its therapeutic effect through a reduction and subsequent repletion of the lymphocyte population. Purpose/Study Sample Here we describe the design of CLAD CROSS, a prospective, non-interventional, multicenter, Phase IV study in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of RRMS who switch from first-line disease modifying drugs (DMDs) to treatment with cladribine tablets in routine clinical practice. 242 adult patients will be recruited in 61 sites (6 countries) over 30 months and will be followed up for 2 years following prescription of cladribine tablets per the decision of the treating physicians. Research Design The primary endpoint is the change in annualized relapse rate (ARR) between the 12-month pre-baseline period and over the 12-month period before end of study. Secondary endpoints are the percentage of patients with 6-month disability progression or improvement at the end of the study, measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale, Timed 25 Foot Walk and 9-Hole Peg Test scales and quality of life, treatment satisfaction, and healthcare resource utilization, measured through the MSIS-29, TSQM 1.4, and EQ-5D-3L scales, respectively. MRI lesions will be compared in the exploratory setting between the 12-month pre-baseline period, baseline, and at years 1 and 2. Adverse events will be monitored throughout the study. Interim analyses are pre-planned when 30% and 60% of patients will complete the 12-month follow-up visit. Conclusions CLAD CROSS will provide efficacy data on cladribine tablets, used as a follow-up treatment to first-line DMDs in the real-world setting, will further establish its safety profile and will collect information to support pharmacoeconomic studies.","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41545226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy on Treatment With Ocrelizumab in a Patient With Co-Existing Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"M. Auer, H. Hegen, A. Hotter, W. Löscher, K. Berek, Anne Zinganell, E. Fava, Paul Rhomberg, F. Deisenhammer, F. Di Pauli","doi":"10.1177/11795735221084837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735221084837","url":null,"abstract":"The chimeric anti-CD20 antibody rituximab has demonstrated good efficacy as an off-label treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), while the humanized anti-CD20 antibody ocrelizumab has been approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), whereas there is no evidence for its use in CIDP so far. We present a patient suffering from CIDP and MS, both refractory to standard treatment and both showing marked improvement on ocrelizumab. To the best of our knowledge, this is a unique report of CIDP with an almost full electrophysiological recovery on ocrelizumab which could be considered as a potential treatment option for refractory CIDP.","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42620595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining Prevalence of Depression and Covariates of Depression in a Cohort of Multiple Sclerosis Patients","authors":"Lauren M Tardo, M. McCreary, Harris Majeed, Benjamin M. Greenberg","doi":"10.1177/11795735221098143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735221098143","url":null,"abstract":"Background Depression is one of the most common symptoms experienced by multiple sclerosis patients and may be secondary to the disease itself as well as other variables such as age, disease severity and side effects of treatment. Objective To determine if there is an association between disease modifying therapies and depression rates based on PHQ9 scores in multiple sclerosis. Methods This was a retrospective chart review. Patients followed at the University of Texas Southwestern Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology Clinic from 2017 to 2020 were included in this study. Patients’ most recent PHQ-9 scores were used. The following data was extracted from patient charts: disease modifying therapy, age, disease duration, gender, antidepressant use and ambulatory status. Results Data from our study included 2611 individual PHQ-9 scores. The majority of our patients were female and the mean age across all treatment groups was 50.37 years old. The median disease duration across all treatment groups was 12.74 years. Most patients in this cohort required no ambulatory assistance. 43.86% of patients were on antidepressants and use was correlated with a higher PHQ9 score. The median PHQ 9 score across all treatment groups was 4 (Interquartile range = 7). Across treatment groups, patients on interferon therapy had the lowest PHQ 9 scores with a median of 2. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that there were lower PHQ-9 scores among interferon treatment group as compared to other disease modifying therapies and non-treatment groups","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45075025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis: correlation with brain volume and clinical disability","authors":"Hana Larassati, J. Pandelaki, R. Estiasari, J. Prihartono, S. Firdausia, R. E. Yunus, R. Mulyadi","doi":"10.1177/11795735221098147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11795735221098147","url":null,"abstract":"Background Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) are not limited to lesions, but have also been observed in the white matter that appears normal on conventional MRI sequences, known as normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). There is evidence of microstructural processes occurring in the NAWM. Objective To assess the correlation between NAWM apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) with brain volume and clinical disability in MS. Methods Brain MRI from 33 MS patients were included. ADC and FA measurements of the genu, body, and splenium of corpus callosum (CC) were done. ADC and FA values were analyzed to measure their correlation with brain volume from MR volumetry and clinical disability represented by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results The mean ADC of CC NAWM was .93 ×10−3 mm2/s (±.13 SD), and the mean FA .72 (±.12 SD). ADC and FA of CC NAWM were significantly correlated with the ratio of brain volume to intracranial volume (R = −0,70 and 0,78 respectively), and with EDSS (R = .52 and −.59 respectively). Conclusion There were significant correlations between ADC and FA of NAWM with brain volume and EDSS of MS patients. Further longitudinal studies were needed to evaluate the potential of diffusion MRI in the evaluation of MS.","PeriodicalId":15218,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central Nervous System Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44180177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}