Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis: correlation with brain volume and clinical disability

Background Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) are not limited to lesions, but have also been observed in the white matter that appears normal on conventional MRI sequences, known as normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). There is evidence of microstructural processes occurring in the NAWM. Objective To assess the correlation between NAWM apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) with brain volume and clinical disability in MS. Methods Brain MRI from 33 MS patients were included. ADC and FA measurements of the genu, body, and splenium of corpus callosum (CC) were done. ADC and FA values were analyzed to measure their correlation with brain volume from MR volumetry and clinical disability represented by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Results The mean ADC of CC NAWM was .93 ×10−3 mm2/s (±.13 SD), and the mean FA .72 (±.12 SD). ADC and FA of CC NAWM were significantly correlated with the ratio of brain volume to intracranial volume (R = −0,70 and 0,78 respectively), and with EDSS (R = .52 and −.59 respectively). Conclusion There were significant correlations between ADC and FA of NAWM with brain volume and EDSS of MS patients. Further longitudinal studies were needed to evaluate the potential of diffusion MRI in the evaluation of MS.