Boletín chileno de parasitología最新文献

{"title":"Contaminación de suelos con huevos de Toxocara sp. en plazas y parques públicos de la ciudad de La Plata. Buenos Aires, Argentina","authors":"R. Fonrouge, M. Guardis, N. Radman, S. Archelli","doi":"10.4067/S0365-94022000000300009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0365-94022000000300009","url":null,"abstract":"This study consisted of a stratified sampling, randomly taken, of the soil from the squares and parks of the city of La Plata, Province of Buenos Aires, in order to establish the prevalence of contamination caused by Toxocara sp. A total 242 soil samples was examined. From each sample a 10 grams aliquot was taken, washed in a 0.2% Tween 80 solution, and processed using the technique of concentration by flotation with sugar solution. There was a prevalence of 13.2%. In each positive sample, the quantity of eggs varied from 1 to 4. Toxocara sp. eggs were observed in 15 out of 22 squares and parks investigated. The sampling design and the processing method employed were satisfactory for the recovering and identification of Toxocara sp. eggs","PeriodicalId":152182,"journal":{"name":"Boletín chileno de parasitología","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130644575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contaminación ambiental por huevos de Toxocara sp. en algunas plazas y parques públicos de Santiago de Chile, 1999","authors":"D. Castillo, C. Paredes, C. Zañartu, G. Castillo, R. Mercado, V. Muñoz, H. Schenone","doi":"10.4067/S0365-94022000000300010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0365-94022000000300010","url":null,"abstract":"Most of cases of visceral larva migrans syndrome are caused by Toxocara canis larvae. Man acquires the infection by accidental ingestion of ripe eggs of the helminth. In order to find out the frequency of the presence of Toxocara sp. eggs in dog fecal specimens from public places of Santiago city in 1999 july-september a study was carried out in 84 squares and 12 parks from 32 counties. Three fecal samples were collected in each of these places, making a total of 288. Each sample was processed according to a modified Telemann method and three smears of each were microcopically examined. Toxocara sp. eggs were found in 39 (13.5%) fecal specimens. In 28/84 (33.3%) squares and in 8/12 (66.7%) parks these eggs were detected. These results make necessary the control of dogs and cats populations with the aim of reduce the presence of animals without responsible owners. It should be advisable to prevent dogs and cats defecation in public areas grounds, trying to exclude these animals from recreation areas.","PeriodicalId":152182,"journal":{"name":"Boletín chileno de parasitología","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130974757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marcadores de riesgo para individuos con altas cargas de Ascaris lumbricoidesen una comunidad rural del Estado Cojedes, Venezuela","authors":"G. Morales, L. Loaiza, L. Pino","doi":"10.4067/S0365-94021999000300009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0365-94021999000300009","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 337 individuals from a rural community of Venezuela (Mapurite, Estado Cojedes) were studied. Stoll faecal examination was carried out and the total number of A. lumbricoides was recovered after the treatment of the individuals sampled with Pyrantel pamoate at a dose of 10 mg/Kg body weight in children and 15 mg/Kg in adults. A relationship between the high worm burden condition (individuals excreting more than10000 epg of A. lumbricoides) and the age of the hosts was found. Resulting with the major values of relative risk index (Rr) the 5-9 years old class (Rr= 3.2 t= 3.4). This relationship was not found between high worm burden condition (HWB) and the sex of the hosts. The following individuals have the the highest possibilities to become HWB: with blood group A (Rr=3.05 t= 4.08), with haemoglobine type HbA HbS (Rr=1.86 t= 2.13), individuals with the combinations A HbA HbF (Rr= 3.46 t= 2.31) and A HbA HbS (Rr= 3.11 t= 2.78). It was estimated that the selective treatment of the total HWB detected (72) with an effective product, determined a reduction of 95.4% of the environmental contamination with de eggs and 72.3% of the worm burden","PeriodicalId":152182,"journal":{"name":"Boletín chileno de parasitología","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123637133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectoparasitosis humanas: Estado actual en el Uruguay","authors":"Conti Díaz, I. Alejandro","doi":"10.4067/S0365-94021999000300011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0365-94021999000300011","url":null,"abstract":"The present status of human ectoparasitoses in Uruguay is analized with the main purpose of performing in the future, comparative studies in the region. After classifying ectoparasitores in temporaries and permanents, comments are made on particular clinical and epidemiological aspects of some of them. For remarking: the high prevalence of pediculosis capitis and scabies; the frequent observation of cutaneous myiasis by Dermatobia hominis with a very interesting modification of the geographical national distribution of the fly and the presence of an endemic area of creeping eruption by Ancylostoma braziliense and A. caninum in the north of the country.","PeriodicalId":152182,"journal":{"name":"Boletín chileno de parasitología","volume":"121 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124521598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidatidosis humana en Chile. Seroprevalencia y estimación del número de personas infectadas","authors":"H. Schenone, M. D. C. Contreras, P. Salinas, L. Sandoval, T. Saavedra, A. Rojas","doi":"10.4067/S0365-94021999000300006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0365-94021999000300006","url":null,"abstract":"Chile is located in the southwestern border of South America. The country is 4,329 km long and 96-342 wide. From north to south it is divided into five marked different biogeographical zones: deserts, steppes, bushes, forests (cattle raising) and austral (sheep raising). Population (June1999) 15,017,760 (14.6% rural). Human hydatidosis is endemic in Chile. According to Ministry of Health information about 320 cases are registered each year. In order to find out the likely prevalence of human hydatidosis in Chile,a series of serosurveys was carried out in 1988-1997 throughout the total country. By using the indirect hemagglutination reaction and ELISA for hydatidosis (tests with good sensibility and specificity) 60,790 unselected apparently healthy persons: 41,399 from urban areas (16,428 blood donors, from 13,894 delivering mothers and 11,077 middle grade school children) and 19,361 from rural areas - from randomly selected family groupings-were studied. A total individuals 82 (136/100,000) resulted positive: 36 (87/100,000) urban and 46 (241/100,000) rural, being the prevalence higher in rural areas, particularly in the southern austral zone (mean 1068/100,00). These figures agree with those observed in clinical epidemiological studies. In conformity with the present results, in the whole country 17,002 individuals should have hydatidosis: 10,318 urban and 6,784 rural. All these possible infected people, not necessarily should present pathology in the future, as it has been observed in autopsies from unselected individuals, performed at the Medico-Legal Service in Santiago, in whom 71.3% of diagnosed hydatosis with hydatid cysts in many different locations, was an autopsy finding","PeriodicalId":152182,"journal":{"name":"Boletín chileno de parasitología","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116318220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estudio de la respuesta inmune humoral en cerdos infectados con huevos y posoncosferas de Taenia solium.","authors":"G. E. R. Wastavino, Patricia Tato Zaldívar, Sandra Georgina Solano-Gálvez, Luis Herrera Montalvo, M. G. Quiroz, P. M. Salazar-schettino","doi":"10.4067/S0365-94021999000300004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0365-94021999000300004","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the importance of cysticercosis in Mexico and Latin America and to the fact that in the last years another mechanism of infection for this disease has been proposed, i.e. through postoncospheres and immunosuppression of the host, we have considered relevant to perform the present work, which consisted in assessing the immune response induced by dexamethasone as well as that produced by parasites in pigs infected with T. solium eggs, or postoncosphere-infected, and in postoncosphere-infected and dexamethasone-treated animals. We used 10 recently weaned pigs, three were used as controls, two of them without the drug and one with it; two were infected with T. solium eggs; five with postoncospheres receiving also dexamethasone three of them.We evaluated the humoral response against parasite antigen using indirect haemagglutination (IH) and ELISA methods Results of the immune humoral response revealed titres of up to 1:128 in T. solium eggs infected animals, of 1:16 in postoncosphere infected animals, and of 1:32 towards the end of the experiment in postoncosphere plus dexamethasone animals. Absorbance titres with ELISA confirmed these findings. Data obtained by IH show that the antibody titres of the pigs challenged with postoncospheres and postoncospheres plus dexamethasone are positive as compared to the titres obtained in the pigs infected with T. solium eggs. Results from the ELISA confirmed this finding, since, from weeks 14 to 17, the pigs became positive, behaving as those pigs that developed cysticercosis. This is relevant as it indicates that the antiposcosphere antibodies recognized antigens of T. solium larvae.","PeriodicalId":152182,"journal":{"name":"Boletín chileno de parasitología","volume":"48 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130444633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estandarización de la ELISA IgM e IgA para el inmunodiagnóstico de la triquinosis humana","authors":"M. D. C. Contreras, E. Acevedo, S. Aguilera, L. Sandoval, P. Salinas","doi":"10.4067/S0365-94021999000300012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0365-94021999000300012","url":null,"abstract":"An ELISA test for trichinosis using as antigen a larvae soluble fraction from Trichinella spiralis was carried out for the detection of IgMand IgA specific antibodies in 45 serum samples from patients confirmed or suspected to have trichinosis by strong clinical and epidemiological evidences. All the patients had positive serology detected by precipitin test, bentonite floculation test, indirect hemagglutination test and ELISA IgG test. The cut-off value was determined using two criteria. Criterion A was determined in each plate, using three positive controls and two negative ones; the average of the negative controls and the weakest positive control, muliplied by a 1.2 factor was, considered the cut-off value. Criterion B was determinated using the average plus three standard deviations from 64 apparently healthy persons serum samples. In both cases, three serum dilutions (1:10, 1:100 and 1:500) were used. The sensitivity of ELISA IgM was 100.0, 93.3 and 82.2% using serum dilutions of 1:10, 1:100 and 1:500 respectively (criterion A) and 100.0, 97.8 and 95.6% for the same dilutions (criterion B), whereas the values for ELISA IgA were: 100.0, 91.1 and 86.7% (criterion A) and 100.0, 100.0 and 91.1%(criterion B). In order to find out the specificity of ELISA IgM and ELISA IgA, additional118 serum samples from individuals with other parasitoses, such as cysticercosis (18) hydatidosis (39), fascioliasis (12), toxocariasis (30), Chagas' disease(12) and individuals with non-specif eosinophilia (7), were also tested. ELISA IgM presented a specificity of 92.3, 93.4 and 97.3% (criterion A) and 96.2, 97.8 and 97.8% (criterion B) whereas the results for ELISA IgA were 97.8, 98.9 and 99.4% (criterion A) and 98.4% for the 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions and 100.0% for the 1:500 dilution (criterion B). The positive predictive values of ELISA IgM were 76.3, 77.8 and 88.1% (criterion A) and 86.5, 91.7 and 91.5% (criterion B) whereas the negative ones were 100.0, 98.3 and 95.7% (criterion A) and 100.0, 99.4 and 98.9% (criterion B). The positive predictive values of ELISA IgA were 91.8, 95.3 and 97.5% (criterion A) and 93.8, 93.8 and 100.0% (criterion B) whereas the negatives ones were: 100.0, 97.8 and 96.8% (criterion A) and 100.0, 100.0 and 97.8%(criterion B). The use of ELISA IgM and ELISA IgA in the immunodiagnosis of trichinosisis discussed.","PeriodicalId":152182,"journal":{"name":"Boletín chileno de parasitología","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133298625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspectos ecológicos de la relación parasitaria entre larvas de Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda, Anisakidae) y Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner, 1860 (Pisces, Characidae) en poblaciones naturales del nordeste argentino","authors":"M. I. Hamann","doi":"10.4067/S0365-94021999000300007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0365-94021999000300007","url":null,"abstract":"From February 1987 to February 1989, the populational biology of Contraceacum sp. (larvae) in its paratenic host, the fish Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner,1860, was studied in two ponds in a subtropical permanent habitat northeastern of Argentina. Fishes from Ramada Paso pond presented 80% of prevalence and 1 to 132 larvae per fish while fishes from Aeroclub pond presented 63% of prevalence and 1 to 184 larvae per fish. Fishes collected from Aeroclub pond have shown a high prevalence of infection during the first period of study (1987), diminishing the following year. In fishes from Ramada Paso pond the prevalence varied not significatively during the two years. Prevalence and mean intensity of infection increase with body length and weigth of the hosts. Sex of hosts is not an influential factor in parasitic level. The lenitic \"closed\" environmental (Ramada Paso pond) evidenced the greatest larvae mean intensity and prevalence. Althougt, the lenitic\"open\" environmental (Aeroclub pond) showed the greatest parasitic number of individuals in an infrapopulation. The spatial dispersion in both ponds were agregated and fit well a negative binomial model. Neverthelees, the Aeroclub pond presented the greastest overdispersion.","PeriodicalId":152182,"journal":{"name":"Boletín chileno de parasitología","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124963405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalencia de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en escolares de seis y doce años de edad de tres departamentos endémicos de Uruguay","authors":"R. Salvatella, Raquel Rosa, Mariana González, Yester Basmadjián, A. Combol, U. Benavidez, Rosario Mancebo, N. Fernández, L. Calegari","doi":"10.4067/S0365-94021999000300003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0365-94021999000300003","url":null,"abstract":"The last national survey on seroprevalence of T. cruzi human infection in Uruguay, showed a 3.4% in adults from endemic areas. Since 1983, antivectorial actions of the control program have been carried out continually. In consequence, household infestation by Triatoma infestan, the main vector of T. cruzi in Uruguay, decreased in all endemic areas and was completely eliminated in some of them. The objectives of the present work are to evaluate the new seroepidemiological situation. A representative sampling of rural and urban population was undertaken, to include six and twelve year-old school children from three departments: Artigas, Rivera and Tacuarembo. The whole sample included 4,722 school children, evaluated by the indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) test for Chagaś disease. The seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in the six year-old group was 0.3% in Artigas, 0.6% in Rivera and 1.0% in Tacuarembo. The seropositive children with seropositive mothers support the possible congenital transmission.","PeriodicalId":152182,"journal":{"name":"Boletín chileno de parasitología","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127898999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brotes epizoóticos de triquinosis en dos criadores de cerdos de la Región Metropolitana, Chile.","authors":"H. Schenone, Marisol Burgos, M. Ulloa, Pedro N. Acuña, J. Ojeda, José Rolando Silva, Óscar Ibáñez","doi":"10.4067/S0365-94021999000300014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0365-94021999000300014","url":null,"abstract":"In Chile swine trichinosis has presented a progressive decreasing in the last two decades of XX century. T. Spiralis pig infection descended from an average of 0.683 per 1000 in 1980-1984 to 0.315 in 1985-1989 andto 0.115 in 1990-1996. In the particular case of Metropolitan Region this decreasing has been more marked: from an average of 0.058 per 1000 in 1990-1994to 0.003 in 1995-1999. Between the end of June 1999 and middle January 2000 in MetropolitanRegion abattoirs T. spiralis was detected in 15 (4.9%) out of 306 swine from two pigsties located in El Monte (E.M.) and Padre Hurtado (P.H.) 45 and 30 km south-west from Santiago. In the same period another four pigs from the same premises were found infected in abattoirs of other regions. During inspection visits it was stated that both pig farms had deficient sanitary conditions. Phototrichinoscopy was positive in three out of five Rattus norvegicus collected in E.M. In pigsty PH the examination of diaphragm samples of 25 dogs and 17 cats resulted negative. In the premises originating T. spirali infected swine the Metropolitan Environmetal Health Service Abattoirs Progam carries out an epidemiological vigilance consisting in the follow-up of animls destined for slaughteringin order to initiate prophylactic actions oriented to eliminate eventual sources of trichinosis infection for human and rearing pigs","PeriodicalId":152182,"journal":{"name":"Boletín chileno de parasitología","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133927203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}