Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics最新文献

{"title":"Distortions of the radar signals envelope","authors":"N.А. Kushnerev, E. Nazarova, М.V. Rodin","doi":"10.18127/j20700784-202206-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202206-04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151965,"journal":{"name":"Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130328370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approximation and the point of flicker-noise formation","authors":"A. Matsaev","doi":"10.18127/j20700784-202106-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202106-06","url":null,"abstract":"The article refers to the field of research of noise fluctuations or flicker noise in electronic amplifiers and is devoted to the exact definition of the magnitude and shape of the spectral density of flicker-noise. The 1/f approximation of flicker noise is analyzed and the problem of its non-constructiveness in analyzing the noise characteristics of electronic amplifiers is shown. To eliminate this problem, the mechanism of physical formation of the envelope, a form of spectral density flicker-noise is defined. The physics of flicker-noise is detailed by accurate definition of the place of its formation. An accurate definition of the maximum difference of the amplifier flickernoise on the flat section of noise characteristics is given, using an explanation of the physics of flicker noise. The mechanism and conditions of the exponential increase of flicker noise and its subsequent exponential desire for maximum magnitude are explained. A simple physical approximation is given to determine the processes of forming the envelope form of the spectral density of flickernoise. The physical understanding of the formation of spectral density of flicker-noise tension in the internal structure of the transistor with the participation of external circuits of the amplifier electrical circuit is detailed. The results of the study will help developers to solve many problems of building electronic devices and optimizing their characteristics at a qualitatively new level.","PeriodicalId":151965,"journal":{"name":"Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131042195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation trajectories of stealthy movement of aircraft to a specified point in detection zone of onboard Doppler radar","authors":"A. Kirsanov","doi":"10.18127/j20700784-202102-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202102-04","url":null,"abstract":"An onboard radar operating in the impulse–Doppler mode has the characteristic features of the detection zone. The feature lies in the fact that at every point of the detection zone an aircraft has a sector of directions such as the onboard Doppler radar will not detect it as long as it moves in these directions. This sector is called the sector of invisible motion directions of the aircraft. Because of these features, there are such trajectories that aircraft flying along them are not detected by an onboard Doppler radar, such as an AWACS radar. The article proposes a method for planning stealthy trajectories between two given points in the Doppler radar coverage area. Trajectories are selected from a parametric family of elliptical stealthy trajectories, which are ellipses in the AWACS-associated moving coordinate system. An equation is found for the characteristic parameter of the ellipse, the solution of which allows us to uniquely identify the stealthy trajectory between two given points. The conditions for the existence of stealthy trajectories passing through specified points are investigated.","PeriodicalId":151965,"journal":{"name":"Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics","volume":"25 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134050432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D accuracy display evaluation of the relief elements at the Earth's surface by space remote sensing systems","authors":"A. S. Petrov, A. Nazarov, D. Demin","doi":"10.18127/j20700784-202202-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202202-01","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology has been developed for estimating the error of three-dimensional mapping of the elements of the relief of the Earth's surface during its remote sensing by space radio interferometers, the equipment of which is placed on two separate platforms flying in close orbits. Numerical results of statistical analysis of the influence of deviations of interferometer parameters from nominal values on the accuracy of target positioning during the entire period of the platforms' orbits are presented. The first section describes a method for solving the navigation problem of determining the position of the target in interferometric mode with the given values of three vector parameters of the problem (the position of the platform, base and speed of the reference antenna) and four scalar (slant range to the target, Doppler frequency, phase shift and wavelength). The relations for calculating the dependence of the sensitivity of the interferometer on the variations of its parameters are given in the second section. The third section is devoted to solving issues related to the positioning of the target relative to the surface of the geoid. The fourth and fifth sections describe two procedures: setting the targeting vector of the radio interferometer antenna pattern to the Earth's surface and analyzing the orientation and kinematics of its base. The simulation results are presented in the sixth section of the article. Statistical analysis in the given example showed that in order to achieve the submeter accuracy of positioning the elements of the relief of the earth's surface, it is necessary that the errors in setting the parameters of the navigation task to be solved do not exceed: 0,5 m on the slant range, 5 mm on the base, 0,25 m/s on the speed of the support platform and 7º on the phase shift.","PeriodicalId":151965,"journal":{"name":"Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134557070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method of measuring antenna axis ratio close to unit","authors":"S.D. Kirilyuk","doi":"10.18127/j20700784-202104-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202104-11","url":null,"abstract":"On purpose to increase efficiency of an orbital-frequency resource the usage of polarization-division multiplexing (PDM) is extended in satellite communication systems. For this aim the axis ratio (AR) of polarization ellipses on satellite radio lines with circular (rotating) polarization must be not less 0,94. Nowadays widespread techniques of experimental defining AR, are based on measurements of orthogonal components intensity of electromagnetic fields created by aerials. But, at high, more than 0,85 axis ratios, the information about a difference in components intensity loses on errors of the measurements realizing these techniques. The method of defining AR, close to extremely achievable value (nearly equal to unit) is presented in the article. The basic idea of this method consists in inclusion to the measurement scheme of two identical devices (DUT), working one towards to another. Also the scheme of counter inclusion of two identical DUT, similar used for measurements, may be applied for designing antenna elements with high AR. Good coincidence of results of modeling, laboratory measurements and field tests have confirmed suitability of the offered method for the designing and testing of aerials with high axis ratio.","PeriodicalId":151965,"journal":{"name":"Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128961968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiothermal radiation method for aqueous solutions","authors":"L. Morozova, S. V. Savel’ev","doi":"10.18127/j20700784-202108-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202108-02","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, an ultra-high-sensitivity method for measuring radio-thermal radiation was developed and used in practice in order to establish the difference in the physical properties of aqueous solutions of substances in the millimeter region of the spectrum. The method is used to study the dynamics of the dielectric properties of aqueous solutions depending on the composition of the base substance and its concentration. The dynamics of dielectric properties establishes a one-to-one correspondence between the number and concentration of ions of the dissolved basic substance contained in water and the number of water molecules involved in cooperative interaction, which gives a consistent microscopic picture of ion-water cooperative interactions in the studied aqueous solutions of K2SO4 and Cs2SO4. The density of water molecules perturbed by the ions of the base substance contained in the hydration shell at normal concentrations is proportional to the number of ions, while the transition to weaker solutions leads to the creation of multilayer hydration shells. This means that the number of perturbed water molecules, depending on the number of ions, increases according to a law different from linear. In accordance with the experimental data, the values of the absorption coefficients of aqueous solutions were determined in a wide range of concentrations for alkali metal sulfates. It is noted that alkali metal sulfates have physical properties that generalize the dynamics of dielectric constants depending on the concentration of the base substance. A monotonic increase in the values of the absorption coefficients of solutions with a decrease in the concentration of basic substances in the region of high dilutions was established with individual dynamics for each basic substance, reflecting the total hydration changes in salt solutions. Research has shown that the proposed method for measuring radio-thermal radiation fixes a significant difference in the values of the dielectric constants of aqueous solutions at high dilutions from their values for water.","PeriodicalId":151965,"journal":{"name":"Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128984973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis, development, applications of a generator of high-frequency signals of arbitrary shape","authors":"S. Skachkov, I.E. Alexanyan, I.L. Zhbanov, V.A. Krasnikova, O. V. Platonova, Yu. S. Asadova","doi":"10.18127/j20700784-202205-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202205-06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151965,"journal":{"name":"Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129298487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of an algorithm for grouping air objects in radar systems","authors":"N. R. Khalimov, S. Ivanov, A. V. Fedorov","doi":"10.18127/j20700784-202102-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202102-02","url":null,"abstract":"Any radar complex exercising control over the airspace has a limited capacity. When processing information about a large number of air objects, overloads occur in information systems and part of the information is inevitably lost. To solve this problem, you need to group the goals. If you refuse to group, then this can lead to oversaturation of the displayed situation on the monitor and the human operator, according to his physical capabilities, will not be able to cope with its assessment. That is, the more goals, the worse the quality of the tasks being solved. One of the ways to solve this problem is to reduce the number of tracked objects by grouping them. Therefore, grouping is a necessary measure taken to simplify the presentation and assessment of the situation. The currently used algorithms for grouping air objects are based on spatial gating, which have low efficiency in a difficult environment. Therefore, the development of new strobe-free methods of grouping air objects is an urgent task. Objective – to develop and research a new strobe-free algorithm for grouping air objects in radar complexes for detecting and tracking air targets. In work a new algorithm for grouping air objects is synthesized, which is based on one of the methods of cluster analysis and an optimal decision rule according to the Neumann-Pearson criterion about the belonging of the considered set of air objects to one group. Some results of simulation modeling of the synthesized algorithm in a complex air environment in comparison with the algorithm based on production rules are presented. Practical significance – the developed algorithm for grouping air objects is more efficient than both the grouping algorithm in the spatial strobe and the algorithm based on production rules. This is especially noticeable in cases of flight of several groups to air objects on intersecting trajectories. The developed algorithm does not impose great requirements on the computing system of the radar complex and can be implemented in practice without restrictions.","PeriodicalId":151965,"journal":{"name":"Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117192848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linearization of limiters in systems «filter – limiter – filter»","authors":"N.M. Ashimov, А.S. Vasin, P.G. Kuzmishchev, Yu.P. Aparina","doi":"10.18127/j20700784-202202-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202202-03","url":null,"abstract":"There are many sets of linear and nonlinear devices in any radio engineering systems contains, they perform such operations with signals as generating electrical oscillations of various shapes, modulation, detection, frequency conversion and performing some other operations on signals, including logical operations that non-operational without which. When the signal and interference interact in nonlinear devices, signal jamming occurs, which is one of the main factors limiting the noise immunity of radio engineering information transmission systems, including radio control lines. The executive device of any types of the radio control lines contains a limiter. An executive device of any types of the radio control lines contains the limiter required. In this case, there is a sufficiently strong suppression of the signal by interference, which leads to a noticeable decrease in the potential and real noise immunity of the control radio line with binary coding during piecemeal processing of binary combination signals in the limiter, which is a classical nonlinear device. Losses in noise immunity can be compensated by switching to processing binary signals as a whole, while the limiter is transferred to the input of the circuit, where it acts as part of the filter – limiter–filter (FLF) system. The paper shows that the limiter operating in the FLF system with bandpass filters behaves like a linear device with all the consequences that follow from this. It is established that at low signal-to-noise ratios in the band of the first filter F1 at the equality takes place, where is the signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the FLF system, which can be interpreted as the linearization of the limiter operating in the FLF system. The results obtained make it possible to use in radio control lines whole processing instead of piecemeal processing of binary signals using a limiter in the FLF system operating in the input circuits of the radio receiver, thereby obtaining a noticeable gain in noise immunity due to the linearization of the limiter works in FLF system.","PeriodicalId":151965,"journal":{"name":"Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117205050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of the operating range of the direction finding characteristics of the onboard phased array antenna by means of a compensation channel","authors":"A. R. Bestugin, M. B. Ryzhikov, I. Kirshina, V. G. Svanidze","doi":"10.18127/j20700784-202110-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18127/j20700784-202110-03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":151965,"journal":{"name":"Achievements of Modern Radioelectronics","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116085145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}