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Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal最新文献

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Equilibrium and Renegotiation in Delegation Games 委托博弈中的均衡与再谈判
Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 1997-11-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.82688
Michele Polo, P. Tedeschi
{"title":"Equilibrium and Renegotiation in Delegation Games","authors":"Michele Polo, P. Tedeschi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.82688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.82688","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a general formal structure for symmetric information delegation games that encompasses many existing economic applications in the fields of oligopoly theory, the theory of the firm, strategic trade policy and international political economy. We prove that all individually rational allocations are implementable in delegation games with non-separable utility. Secondly, we show that contract renegotiation and non-observable contracts have similar effects only in particular cases. We prove that all the equilibria obtained when renegotiation is excluded are implementable as renegotiation proof equilibria, provided that the side transfer technology implies a dead-weight loss increasing in the size of the transfer.","PeriodicalId":151613,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128975945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Prices, Profits and Exchange Rate Uncertainty: The Case of Bertrand Competition in Differentiated Goods 价格、利润与汇率的不确定性:以差异化商品中的伯特兰竞争为例
Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 1997-10-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.53904
Richard Friberg
{"title":"Prices, Profits and Exchange Rate Uncertainty: The Case of Bertrand Competition in Differentiated Goods","authors":"Richard Friberg","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.53904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.53904","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies a simple duopoly model of price competition under exchange rate uncertainty with pre-set prices and differentiated goods. Competitors come from different countries and compete in a foreign market. We study the effect of the price setting currency chosen on expected prices, profits and exchange rate exposure as well as equilibrium choice of price setting currency. For a wide range of parameter values price setting in the importer's currency is the dominant strategy. Implications of limited exchange rate pass-through for exchange rate exposure are dicussed. The exchange rate pass-through elasticity is shown to be increasing in own-price effects. Parallels are drawn to the literature on strategic trade policy.","PeriodicalId":151613,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127233042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Strategy Communication and Measurement Systems 战略、通信和测量系统
Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 1997-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.100988
P. Courty
{"title":"Strategy Communication and Measurement Systems","authors":"P. Courty","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.100988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.100988","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations often face the challenge of communicating their strategies to local decision makers. The difficulty presents itself in finding a way to measure performance wich meaningfully conveys how to implement the organization's strategy at local levels. I show that organizations solve this communication problem by combining performance measures in such a way that performance gains come closest to mimicking value-added as defined by the organization's strategy. I further show how organizations rebalance performance measures in response to changes in their strategies. Applications to the design of performance metrics, gaming, and divisional performance evaluation are considered. The paper also suggests several empirical ways to evaluate the practical importance of the communication role of measurement systems.","PeriodicalId":151613,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127671180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Importance of Research and Development for Innovation in Small and Large Canadian Manufacturing Firms 研究和开发对加拿大小型和大型制造企业创新的重要性
Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 1997-09-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.123588
J. Baldwin
{"title":"The Importance of Research and Development for Innovation in Small and Large Canadian Manufacturing Firms","authors":"J. Baldwin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.123588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.123588","url":null,"abstract":"The debate over the appropriate function of government policy for research and development (RD they each have their own advantages. Small firms are more flexible but can suffer from cost disadvantages due to scale. They overcome their disadvantages by networking with their customers and by showing the same flexibility in their R&D process that they exhibit elsewhere. They rely less on dedicated R&D facilities and more on the flexible exploitation of R&D as opportunities arise. They also network with customers in order to adopt their suggestions for new innovations.","PeriodicalId":151613,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114471700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 65
The Shipbuilding Industry in the East and West: Industry Dynamics, Science and Technology Policies and Emerging Patterns of Cooperation 东西方造船业:产业动态、科技政策和新兴合作模式
Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.51692
Jürgen Bitzer, C. von Hirschhausen
{"title":"The Shipbuilding Industry in the East and West: Industry Dynamics, Science and Technology Policies and Emerging Patterns of Cooperation","authors":"Jürgen Bitzer, C. von Hirschhausen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.51692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.51692","url":null,"abstract":"Shipbuilding has changed from a \"heavy industry\" to become a capital- and technologyintensive activity over the last decades. While Japanese, South Korean and Western European yards dominate the merchant shipbuilding market so far, Eastern European yards are increasingly active, in particular in low and medium complex ships. We develop a market analysis and identify the axes of competition in international civil shipbuilding. From there, we analyze the restructuring process of Eastern European yards. Polish yards have proceeded with relatively quick enterprisation, establishing strong links to domestic and international suppliers. Restructuring in Russian and Ukrainian yards is blocked by local obstacles to enterprization, leading to increasing competitiveness gaps with CEE-yards. We conclude that a science&technology policy should be demand-oriented and target only the clearly identified obstacles to enterprization.","PeriodicalId":151613,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130062877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The Economic Sense of Royalty Rates 版税的经济意义
Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.41236
Elli Malki
{"title":"The Economic Sense of Royalty Rates","authors":"Elli Malki","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.41236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.41236","url":null,"abstract":"Academic institutions, involved in technology transfer to industry, are always concerned about the \"fairness\" of the royalty rate payable to them. The common method used by practitioners is the \"Industry-Standard Approach\" which is based mainly on past experience. However such approach is very simplistic and fails to take into account importnat factors that effect royalty rate calculations. By using a simple financial model, the article demonstrates that expected sales volume of the end product is a key determinant of royalty rates. Higher expected sales volume enables the licensee to pay higher royalties to the licensor, while keeping its required rate of return unchanged. This point is totally overlooked by the \"Industry-Standard Approach\" and moreover it contradicts a commonly used practice to reduce the royalty rates with the increase in sales.","PeriodicalId":151613,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117325381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Learning in Cournot Oligopoly: An Experiment 古诺寡头垄断中的学习:一个实验
Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.41214
S. Huck, Hans-Theo Normann, Jörg Oechssler
{"title":"Learning in Cournot Oligopoly: An Experiment","authors":"S. Huck, Hans-Theo Normann, Jörg Oechssler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.41214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.41214","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was designed to test various learning theories in the context of a Cournot oligopoly. We derive theoretical predictions for the learning theories and test these predictions by varying the information given to subjects. The results show that some subjects imitate successful behavior if they have the necessary information; and if they imitate, markets are more competitive. Other subjects follow a best reply process. On the aggregate level we find that more information about demand and cost conditions yields less competitive behavior, while more information about the quantities and profits of other firms yields more competitive behavior.","PeriodicalId":151613,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134630192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Causes and Consequences of Growth in the Cable Television Industry 有线电视行业增长的原因和后果
Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.86729
Gregory S. Crawford
{"title":"The Causes and Consequences of Growth in the Cable Television Industry","authors":"Gregory S. Crawford","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.86729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.86729","url":null,"abstract":"The cable television industry is a large, integral part of the information technology industry in the United States. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the cable television industry and analyze the institutional and economic determinants of its growth. As will be shown, the growth in the number of subscribers to cable television services was moderate from its inception until the late 1970s, enjoyed a period of substantial gain from that time until the mid-1980s, and subsequently flattened. While not inconsistent with the natural, unfettered development of nascent industries, the determinants of these periods of growth match closely with the developments in three related areas. These are (1) the seemingly boundless demand for new and varied video programming by consumers, (2) technological innovations in communication distribution technologies, including technological spillovers from other telecommunications industries, and (3) changes in the regulatory environment, or 'rules of the game,' governing both the structure of cost and the competitive environment in the industry. An ancillary goal of this paper is to also consider the implications of the existing institutional structure of the cable television industry in the context of the 'convergence' of telecommunications services mentioned above.","PeriodicalId":151613,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132622537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
New Products, New Programs, and Prices: Measuring Consumer Benefits to Changes in Cable Television Choices, 1989-1995 新产品、新节目和价格:衡量消费者对有线电视选择变化的利益，1989-1995
Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 1997-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.115148
Gregory S. Crawford
{"title":"New Products, New Programs, and Prices: Measuring Consumer Benefits to Changes in Cable Television Choices, 1989-1995","authors":"Gregory S. Crawford","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.115148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.115148","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the economic consequences of quality change and new service introductions in the cable television industry over the period 1989-1995. To address these issues, we develop and estimate a discrete-choice, differentiated product model of the demand for and the pricing of the complete set of cable services offered by systems in the industry. Our goal is to measure the benefits of changes in the choice set facing consumers over time. Our principal application is the construction of a quality-adjusted price index for cable television service for the period 1989 - 1995. In addition to measuring the total change in prices over this period, we decompose changes in this index to changes in the set of services offered, in the programming offered on those services, in the prices of those services, and in demographic and market characteristics. We then compare this index to that obtained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as part of the Consumer Price Index. Failing to account for the benefits of increased quality and variety in cable television services yields an index which largely duplicates the 14.6% price increase reported by the Cable CPI between January, 1989 and July, 1995. However, incorporating consumer benefits from the addition of new services, the addition of programming to all services, and increased quality of existing programming yields an aggregate index which suggests a slight decrease of 2.2% in cable prices.","PeriodicalId":151613,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal","volume":"34 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113974289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Dynamic Modeling of Product Life Cycle in the Commercial Mainframe Computer Market, 1968-1982 商用大型计算机市场产品生命周期的动态建模，1968-1982
Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal Pub Date : 1997-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.82328
S. Greenstein, James B. Wade
{"title":"Dynamic Modeling of Product Life Cycle in the Commercial Mainframe Computer Market, 1968-1982","authors":"S. Greenstein, James B. Wade","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.82328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.82328","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates product life cycles in the commercial mainframe computer market. We show that empirical studies conducted at the product level are useful for investigating processes underlying product life cycles. We use hazard models with time-varying covariates to estimate the probability of product exit and Poisson models to estimate the probability of introduction. We measure the importance of different aspects of market structure, such as the degree of competitiveness, cannibalization, vintage, product niche and firm effects. We find some evidence of a relationship between the determinants of product exit and product entry.","PeriodicalId":151613,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Organization & Regulation eJournal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123509697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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