Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A最新文献

{"title":"In Situ Gelling Silk Fibroin/ECM Hydrogel With Sustained Oxygen Release for Neural Tissue Engineering Applications","authors":"Mahyar Haki,&nbsp;Nadia Shafaei,&nbsp;Mohammad Moeini","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37837","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37837","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In situ gelling, cell-laden hydrogels hold promise for regenerating tissue lesions with irregular shapes located in complex and hard-to-reach anatomical sites. A notable example is the regeneration of neural tissue lost due to cerebral cavitation. However, hypoxia-induced cell necrosis during the vascularization period imposes a significant challenge to the success of this approach. Oxygen-releasing hydrogels have been developed to address this issue, but they suffer from fast oxygen release over a short period, limiting their efficacy. This study develops an in situ gelling hydrogel system based on silk fibroin (SF) and decellularized brain extracellular matrix (dECM) with sustained oxygen release and tunable gelation time. Calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CPO NPs) served as the oxygen generating material, which were encapsulated within SF microparticles before incorporation into the SF-dECM hydrogel, aiming to regulate the oxygen release rate. The total CPO content of the hydrogels was only 2%–4% w/w. Characterization of hydrogels containing various SF concentrations (2%, 4% or 6% w/v) and microparticle loadings (10%, 15% or 20% w/w) demonstrated that SF concentration in the hydrogel matrix significantly affects the swelling, resorption rate and mechanical properties, while microparticle loading has a milder effect. On the other hand, microparticle loading strongly affected the oxygen release profile. High SF concentration in the hydrogel matrix (6% w/v) led to slow resorption rate and high stiffness, likely unsuitable for intended application. Low SF concentration (2% w/v), on the other hand, led to a high swelling ratio and a less sustained oxygen release. Among 4% w/v SF hydrogels, increased microparticle loading led to a slower resorption rate, increased stiffness and enhanced oxygen release. However, cell viability was reduced at 20% w/w microparticle loading, likely due to decreased cell attachment. The 4% w/v SF hydrogels containing 10% w/w SF-CPO microparticles exhibited relatively low swelling ratio (12.8% ± 2.4%), appropriate resorption rate (70.16% ± 10.75% remaining weight after 28 days) and compressive modulus (36.9 ± 1.7 kPa) and sustained oxygen release for over 2 weeks. This sample also showed the highest viability under hypoxic conditions among tested hydrogel samples (87.6% ± 15.9%). Overall, the developed hydrogels in this study showed promise for potential application in brain tissue engineering.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Delivery Strategies and Applications in Regenerative Medicine","authors":"Yuhan Tu,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Gaoer Qu,&nbsp;Yangyang Ning,&nbsp;Bin Li,&nbsp;Guoben Li,&nbsp;Min Wu,&nbsp;Shijun Li,&nbsp;Yangge Huang","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37834","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37834","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a significant member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. The bFGF has a three-dimensional structure comprising 12 reverse parallel β-folds. This structure facilitates tissue wound repair, angiogenesis, bone formation, cartilage repair, and nerve regeneration. Consequently, it has garnered significant attention from scholars both domestically and internationally. However, the instability and degradation properties of bFGF in vivo have limited its clinical application. Significant interest has arisen in the development of novel bFGF delivery systems that can address the shortcomings of bFGF and enhance its bioavailability by controlling the release amount, timing, and location. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the research and recent advances in various bFGF delivery systems, including hydrogels, liposomes, microspheres, and nanoparticles. Subsequently, the applications of bFGF pharmaceutical preparations in various fields are described. Finally, the current clinical applications of bFGF drug formulations and those in clinical trials are discussed, along with their clinical translation and future trends.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Various Dry Electrode-Based ECG Sensors: A Review","authors":"Ghanshyam Kumar,&nbsp;Bhanu Duggal,&nbsp;J. P. Singh,&nbsp;Yash Shrivastava","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37845","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37845","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is crucial for detecting and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Monitoring cardiac health and activities using efficient, noninvasive, and cost-effective techniques such as ECG can be vital for the early detection of different CVDs. Wet electrode-based traditional ECG techniques come with unavoidable limitations of the altered quality of ECG signals caused by gel volatilization and unwanted noise followed by dermatitis. The limitation related to the wet electrodes for long-term ECG monitoring in static and dynamic postures reminds us of the urgency of a suitable substitute. Dry electrodes promise long-term ECG monitoring with the potential for significant noise reduction. This review discusses traditional and alternative techniques to record ECG in terms of meeting the efficient detection of CVDs by conducting a detailed analysis of different types of dry electrodes along with materials (substrate, support, matrix, and conductive part) used for fabrication, followed by the number of human subjects they have been used for validation. The degradation of these electrodes has also been discussed briefly. This review finds a need for more validation on a sufficient number of subjects and the issue of cost and noise hindering the commercialization of these dry electrodes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Kappa-Carrageenan Pickering Emulsion Biocomposite Films for Potential Wound Care Applications","authors":"Ayşenur Yeşilyurt,&nbsp;Gopiraman Mayakrishnan,&nbsp;Uğur Parın,&nbsp;Ick Soo Kim,&nbsp;Fatma Nur Parın,&nbsp;Azeem Ullah","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37850","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37850","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and kappa-carrageenan (κCA) biocomposite films using a Pickering emulsion technique for wound care applications. Juniper essential oil and modified sepiolite were incorporated to enhance functionality, with films prepared via solvent casting and characterized for structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. The PCOS-2 film exhibited the highest mechanical performance, with Young's modulus of 6.25 ± 1.3 MPa, tensile strength of 5.65 ± 1.7 MPa, and elongation at break of 608.96% ± 72.8%. Antibacterial assays showed inhibition zones of 9 and 10 mm against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>, respectively, for the PCOS-2 film, while antioxidant activity reached 63% DPPH radical scavenging after 12 h. Additionally, porosity and hydrophilicity were enhanced, as indicated by contact angles of 55° for the control film and 71.2° for PCOS-2. These results underscore the potential of PVA/κCA biocomposite films as sustainable and bioactive wound dressings, combining mechanical resilience, bioactivity, and environmental compatibility, with future efforts focused on optimizing antibacterial efficacy against gram-negative bacteria and clinical validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supramolecular Peptide Depots for Glucose-Responsive Glucagon Delivery","authors":"Weike Chen,&nbsp;Sihan Yu,&nbsp;Bernice Webber,&nbsp;Emily L. DeWolf,&nbsp;Rory Kilmer,&nbsp;Sijie Xian,&nbsp;Connor R. Schmidt,&nbsp;Elizabeth M. Power,&nbsp;Matthew J. Webber","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37854","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37854","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Precise blood glucose control continues to be a critical challenge in the treatment and management of type 1 diabetes in order to mitigate both acute and chronic complications. This study investigates the development of a supramolecular peptide amphiphile (PA) material functionalized with phenylboronic acid (PBA) for glucose-responsive glucagon delivery. The PA-PBA system self-assembles into nanofibrillar hydrogels in the presence of physiological glucose levels, resulting in stable hydrogels capable of releasing glucagon under hypoglycemic conditions. Glucose responsiveness is driven by reversible binding between PBA and glucose, which modulates the electrostatic interactions necessary for hydrogel formation and dissolution. Through comprehensive in vitro characterization, including circular dichroism, zeta potential measurements, and rheological assessments, the PA-PBA system is found to exhibit glucose-dependent assembly, enabling controlled glucagon release that is inversely related to glucose concentration. Glucagon release is accelerated under low glucose conditions, simulating a hypoglycemic state, with a reduced rate seen at higher glucose levels. Evaluation of the platform in vivo using a type 1 diabetic mouse model demonstrates the efficacy in protecting against insulin-induced hypoglycemia by restoring blood glucose levels following an insulin overdose. The ability to tailor glucagon release in response to fluctuating glucose concentrations underscores the potential of this platform for improving glycemic control. These findings suggest that glucose-stabilized supramolecular peptide hydrogels hold significant promise for responsive drug delivery applications, offering an approach to manage glucose levels in diabetes and other metabolic disorders.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conductive Microfibers Improve Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Spheroid Maturation","authors":"Gisselle Gonzalez,&nbsp;Thomas G. Molley,&nbsp;Erin LaMontagne,&nbsp;Alis Balayan,&nbsp;Alyssa R. Holman,&nbsp;Adam J. Engler","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37856","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37856","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conventional two-dimensional (2D) cardiomyocyte differentiation protocols create cells with limited maturity, which impairs their predictive capacity and has driven interest in three-dimensional (3D) engineered cardiac tissue models of varying maturity and scalability. Cardiac spheroids are attractive high-throughput models that have demonstrated improved functional and transcriptional maturity over conventional 2D differentiations. However, these 3D models still tend to have limited contractile and electrical maturity compared to highly engineered cardiac tissues; hence, we incorporated a library of conductive polymer microfibers in cardiac spheroids to determine if fiber properties could accelerate maturation. Conductive microfibers improved contractility parameters of cardiac spheroids over time versus nonconductive fibers, specifically, when they were short, for example, 5 μm, and when there was moderate fiber mass per spheroid, for example, 20 μg. Spheroids with optimal conductive microfiber length and concentration developed a thicker ring-like perimeter and a less compacted cavity, improving their contractile work compared to control cardiac spheroids. Functional improvements correlated with increased expression of contractility and calcium handling-related cardiac proteins, as well as improved calcium handling abilities and drug response. Taken together, these data suggest that conductive microfibers can improve cardiac spheroid performance to improve cardiac disease modeling.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous Nanocomposite Implants With Gold Nanoparticles for Plastic Surgery","authors":"Olena Korotych,&nbsp;Svitlana Dybkova,&nbsp;Anatolii Maletskyi,&nbsp;Liudmyla Rieznichenko,&nbsp;Liudmyla Kernosenko,&nbsp;Tamara Gruzina,&nbsp;Tetiana Poltoratska,&nbsp;Oleksandr Artiomov,&nbsp;Nataliia Pasmurtseva,&nbsp;Valentyna Podolska,&nbsp;Pavlo Vorotytskiy,&nbsp;Yurii Samchenko","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37851","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37851","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents an innovative approach to improve implant biointegration and reduce implant-associated infections using porous poly(vinyl formal) nanocomposite matrices incorporated with gold nanoparticles and antimicrobial/anticancer drugs for plastic surgery applications. The porous matrices were characterized using physicochemical techniques and in vitro biochemical assays. The results demonstrated the biocompatibility of PVF nanocomposites and their potential for functionalization with various bioactive molecules and drugs, thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. In vivo studies in rabbits revealed progressive replacement of implants with fibrous tissue, indicating successful biointegration with the surrounding soft tissues. Future research will focus on the long-term biocompatibility and functionalization of these nanocomposite implants for plastic surgery and explore their potential in other biomedical applications such as wound healing, tissue engineering, and scaffolds for cell growth and differentiation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sliding Hydrogels Reveal the Modulation of Mechanosensing Attenuates the Inflammatory Phenotype of Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes in 3D","authors":"Manish Ayushman,&nbsp;Hung-Pang Lee,&nbsp;Pranay Agarwal,&nbsp;Georgios Mikos,&nbsp;Xinming Tong,&nbsp;Sarah Jones,&nbsp;Sauradeep Sinha,&nbsp;Stuart Goodman,&nbsp;Nidhi Bhutani,&nbsp;Fan Yang","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37861","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37861","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalen degenerative joint disease with no FDA-approved therapies that can halt or reverse its progression. Current treatments address symptoms like pain and inflammation, but not underlying disease mechanisms. OA progression is marked by increased inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation of the joint cartilage. While the role of biochemical cues has been widely studied for OA, how matrix mechanical cues influence OA phenotype remains poorly understood. Using sliding hydrogels (SGs) as a tool, we examine how local matrix compliance in 3D modulates OA chondrocyte phenotype and associated mechanosensing. We demonstrate that local matrix compliance reduces the inflammatory phenotype of OA chondrocytes, as indicated by decreased gene expression of catabolic markers and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. This is achieved via significantly reduced nuclear NF-κB expression and signaling in OA chondrocytes. Live cell imaging shows enhanced cellular and nuclear dynamics with increased matrix deformation in the compliant SG. Blocking cellular dynamics negates SG compliance-induced benefits in reducing OA inflammatory phenotype. Further, SG alters nuclear mechanosensing in OA as indicated by increased nuclear lamin reinforcement and chromatin condensation. Finally, we demonstrate that a drug inhibiting histone lysine demethylase to modulate chromatin accessibility reduces OA inflammation in 3D hydrogels. These findings advance our understanding of how ECM mechanics regulate OA mechanobiology and progression and highlight potential disease-modifying treatments via epigenetic and mechanosensing-based therapies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrically Conductive Injectable Silk/PEDOT: PSS Hydrogel for Enhanced Neural Network Formation","authors":"Rajiv Borah,&nbsp;Julia O'Sullivan,&nbsp;Meenakshi Suku,&nbsp;Dahnan Spurling,&nbsp;Daniel Diez Clarke,&nbsp;Valeria Nicolosi,&nbsp;Maeve A. Caldwell,&nbsp;Michael G. Monaghan","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37859","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37859","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With no effective treatments for functional recovery after injury, spinal cord injury (SCI) remains one of the unresolved healthcare challenges. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) transplantation is a versatile patient-specific regenerative approach for functional recovery after SCI. Injectable electroconductive hydrogel (ECH) can further enhance the cell transplantation efficacy through a minimally invasive manner as well as recapitulate the native bioelectrical microenvironment of neural tissue. Given these considerations, we report a novel ECH prepared through self-assembly facilitated in situ gelation of natural silk fibroin (SF) derived from mulberry <i>Bombyx mori</i> silk and electrically conductive PEDOT:PSS. PEDOT:PSS was pre-stabilized to prevent the potential delamination of its hydrophilic PSS chain under aqueous environment using 3% (v/v) (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GoPS) and 3% (w/v) poly(ethylene glycol)diglycidyl ether (PeGDE). The resultant ECH formulations are easily injectable with standard hand force with flow point below 100 Pa and good shear-thinning properties. The ECH formulations with unmodified and GoPS-modified PEDOT:PSS, that is, SF/PEDOT and SF/PEDOT<i>GoP</i> maintain comparable elastic modulus to spinal cord (~10–60 kPa) under physiological condition, indicating their flexibility. The GoPS-modified ECHs also display improved structural recoverability (~70%–90%) as compared to the unmodified versions of the ECHs (~30%–80%), as indicated by the three interval time thixotropy (3ITT) test. Additionally, these ECHs possess electrical conductivity in the range of ~0.2–1.2 S/m comparable to spinal cord (1–10 S/m), indicating their ability to mimic native bioelectrical environment. Approximately 80% or more cell survival was observed when hiPSC-derived cortical neurons and astrocytes were encapsulated within these ECHs. These ECHs support the maturation of cortical neurons when embedded for 7 days, fostering the development of a complex, interconnected network of long axonal processes and promoting synaptogenesis. These results underline the potential of silk ECHs in cell transplantation therapy for spinal cord regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbm.a.37859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142886325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant Environmental Factors in the Drift of Electrical Properties in Conductive Nano-Composite Sensors for Biomechanical Motion-Tracking","authors":"Emma E. Bowden,&nbsp;Jacob D. Carter,&nbsp;Anton E. Bowden,&nbsp;Ulrike H. Mitchell,&nbsp;David T. Fullwood","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37863","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37863","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wearable nanocomposite stretch sensors are an exciting new development in biomaterials for biomechanical motion-tracking technology, with applications in the treatment of low back pain, knee rehabilitation, fetal movement tracking, and other fields. When strained, the resistance of the low-cost sensors is reduced, enabling human motion to be monitored using a suitable sensor array. However, current sensor technologies have exhibited significant drift, in the form of increased electrical resistance, if left stored in typical room conditions. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the influence of several environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, oxygen levels, and light exposure, that could impact the change in electrical properties of these sensors. These physiological conditions are present during use of the sensors on human subjects as well as during sensor storage, making it vital to understand their effects on sensor properties. The electromechanical performance of the sensors stored under a range of conditions was monitored over a period of several weeks. The observations obtained indicate that the presence of oxygen and humidity in the environment where the sensors are stored is the primary contributor to drift in the sensor response. Sensors that are kept in de-oxygenated or desiccated environments do not display an increase in electrical resistance over time. This understanding allows for long-term storage of the sensors without degradation. It also assists in identifying the internal processes at work within the nanoparticle-polymer matrix that cause changes in electrical properties.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15142,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142883799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}