{"title":"A new regulation mechanism for KCNN4, the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent K<sup>+</sup> channel, by molecular interactions with the Ca<sup>2+</sup>pump PMCA4b.","authors":"Benoit Allegrini, Morgane Mignotet, Raphaël Rapetti-Mauss, Franck Borgese, Olivier Soriani, Hélène Guizouarn","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>KCNN4, a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> channel, is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. It is essential for epithelial transport, immune system and other physiological mechanisms but its activation is also involved in cancer pathophysiology as well as red blood cell disorders (RBC). The activation of KCNN4 in RBC leads to loss of KCl and water, a mechanism known as the \"Gardos effect\" described seventy years ago. This Ca<sup>2+</sup> induced dehydration is irreversible in human RBC and must be tightly controlled to prevent not only hemolysis but also alterations in RBC rheological properties. In this study, we have investigated the regulation of KCNN4 activity after changes in RBC Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration. Using electrophysiology, immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay in HEK293 transfected cells, K562 cells or RBC, we have found that KCNN4 and the Ca<sup>2+</sup> pump PMCA4b interact tightly with each other, such that the C-terminal domain of PMCA4b regulates KCNN4 activity, independently of the Ca<sup>2+</sup> extrusion activity of the pump. This regulation was not restricted to KCNN4: the small-conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> channel KCNN2 was similarly regulated by the calcium pump. We propose a new mechanism that could control KCNN4 activity by a molecular inhibitory interaction with PMCA4b. It is suggested that this mechanism could attenuate erythrocyte dehydration in response to an increase in intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"108114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean R Cleary, Allen C T Teng, Audrey Deyawe Kongmeneck, Xuan Fang, Taylor A Phillips, Ellen E Cho, Rhys A Smith, Patryk Karkut, Catherine A Makarewich, Peter M Kekenes-Huskey, Anthony O Gramolini, Seth L Robia
{"title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy variant R14del increases phospholamban pentamer stability, blunting dynamic regulation of calcium.","authors":"Sean R Cleary, Allen C T Teng, Audrey Deyawe Kongmeneck, Xuan Fang, Taylor A Phillips, Ellen E Cho, Rhys A Smith, Patryk Karkut, Catherine A Makarewich, Peter M Kekenes-Huskey, Anthony O Gramolini, Seth L Robia","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup> ATPase (SERCA) is a membrane transporter that creates and maintains intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> stores. In the heart, SERCA is regulated by an inhibitory interaction with the monomeric form of the transmembrane micropeptide phospholamban (PLB). PLB also forms avid homo-pentamers, and dynamic exchange of PLB between pentamers and SERCA is an important determinant of cardiac responsiveness to exercise. Here, we investigated two naturally occurring pathogenic variants of PLB: a cysteine substitution of Arg9 (R9C) and an in-frame deletion of Arg14 (R14del). Both variants are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy. We previously showed that the R9C mutation causes disulfide crosslinking and hyperstabilization of pentamers. While the pathogenic mechanism of R14del is unclear, we hypothesized this mutation may also alter pentamer stability. Immunoblots revealed a significantly increased pentamer:monomer ratio for R14del-PLB compared to WT-PLB. We quantified homo-oligomerization and SERCA-binding in live cells using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy. R14del-PLB showed increased affinity for homo-oligomerization and decreased binding affinity for SERCA compared to WT. The data suggest that, like R9C, the R14del mutation stabilizes PLB in pentamers, decreasing its ability to regulate SERCA. The R14del mutation reduces the rate of PLB unbinding from pentamers after transient elevations of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, limiting the recovery of PLB-SERCA complexes. A computational model predicted that hyperstabilization of PLB pentamers by R14del impairs the ability of cardiac Ca<sup>2+</sup> handling to respond to changing heart rates between rest and exercise. We postulate that impaired responsiveness to physiological stress contributes to arrhythmogenesis in human carriers of the R14del mutation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"108118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MAP3K4 signaling regulates HDAC6 and TRAF4 coexpression and stabilization in trophoblast stem cells<sup>†</sup>.","authors":"Hannah A Nelson, Nathan A Mullins, Amy N Abell","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4) promotes fetal and placental growth and development, with MAP3K4 kinase inactivation resulting in placental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction. MAP3K4 promotes key signaling pathways including JNK, p38, and PI3K/Akt, leading to activation of CREB-binding protein. MAP3K4 kinase inactivation results in loss of these pathways and gain of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) expression and activity. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) binds MAP3K4 and promotes MAP3K4 activation of downstream pathways in the embryo; however, the role of TRAF4 and its association with MAP3K4 in the placenta is unknown. Our analyses of murine placenta single-cell RNA-Seq data showed that Traf4 is coexpressed with Map3k4 in trophoblast stem (TS) cells and labyrinth progenitors, whereas Hdac6 expression is higher in differentiated trophoblasts. We demonstrate that, like HDAC6, TRAF4 expression is increased in MAP3K4 kinase-inactive TS (TS<sup>KI</sup>) cells and upon inhibition of MAP3K4-dependent pathways in WT TS cells. Moreover, Hdac6 shRNA knockdown in TS<sup>KI</sup> cells reduces TRAF4 protein expression. We found that HDAC6 forms a protein complex with TRAF4 in TS cells and promotes TRAF4 expression in the absence of HDAC6 deacetylase activity. Finally, we examine the relationships among MAP3K4, TRAF4, and HDAC6 in the developing placenta, finding a previously unknown switch in coexpression of Traf4 with Map3k4 versus Traf4 with Hdac6 during differentiation of the placental labyrinth. Together, our findings identify previously unknown mechanisms of MAP3K4 and HDAC6 coregulation of TRAF4 in TS cells and highlight these MAP3K4, TRAF4, and HDAC6 associations during placental development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"108116"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuai Wang, Xuan Pang, Yujuan Cai, Xue Tian, Jingyi Bai, Mingchuan Xi, Jiaxue Cao, Long Jin, Xun Wang, Tao Wang, Diyan Li, Mingzhou Li, Xiaolan Fan
{"title":"Acute heat stress upregulates Akr1b3 through Nrf-2 to increase endogenous fructose leading to kidney injury.","authors":"Shuai Wang, Xuan Pang, Yujuan Cai, Xue Tian, Jingyi Bai, Mingchuan Xi, Jiaxue Cao, Long Jin, Xun Wang, Tao Wang, Diyan Li, Mingzhou Li, Xiaolan Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the prevalence of extremely high-temperature climates, has led to an increase in cases of acute heat stress, which has been identified as a contributing factor to various kidney diseases. Fructose, the end product of the polyol pathway, has been linked to kidney conditions such as kidney stones, chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. However, the relationship between acute heat stress and kidney injury caused by endogenous fructose remains unclear. The study found that acute heat stress triggers the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn activate the Nrf-2 and Akr1b3 leading to an increase in endogenous fructose levels in kidney cells. It was further demonstrated that the elevated levels of endogenous fructose play a crucial role in causing damage to kidney cells. Moreover, inhibiting Nrf-2 effectively mitigated kidney damage induced by acute heat stress by reducing endogenous fructose levels. These findings underscore the detrimental impact of excessive fructose resulting from acute stress on kidney function, offering a novel perspective for future research on the prevention and treatment of acute heat stress-induced kidney injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":15140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"108121"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine E Jack, Emily M Cope, Laura Lemel, Meritxell Canals, Julia Drube, Carsten Hoffmann, Asuka Inoue, James N Hislop, Dawn Thompson
{"title":"GRK5 regulates endocytosis of FPR2 independent of β-Arrestins.","authors":"Christine E Jack, Emily M Cope, Laura Lemel, Meritxell Canals, Julia Drube, Carsten Hoffmann, Asuka Inoue, James N Hislop, Dawn Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The formyl-peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that responds to pathogen-derived peptides and regulates both pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution cellular processes. While ligand selectivity and G-protein-signalling of FPR2 have been well characterized, molecular mechanisms controlling subsequent events such as endocytosis and recycling to the plasma membrane are less understood. Here we show the key role of the GPCR kinase 5 (GRK5) in facilitating FPR2 endocytosis and post-endocytic trafficking. We found, in response to activation by a synthetic peptide WKYMVm, the recruitment of β-Arrestins to the receptor requires both putative phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal of FPR2 and the presence of GRKs, predominantly GRK5. Furthermore, although GRKs are required for β-Arrestin recruitment and endocytosis, the recruitment of β-Arrestin is not itself essential for FPR2 endocytosis. Instead, β-Arrestin determines post-endocytic delivery of FPR2 to subcellular compartments and subsequent plasma membrane delivery and controls the magnitude of downstream signal transduction. Collectively, the newly characterized FPR2 molecular pharmacology will facilitate the design of more efficient therapeutics targeting chronic inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"108112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mike Matsumoto, Maricel Gomez-Soler, Sara Lombardi, Bernhard C Lechtenberg, Elena B Pasquale
{"title":"Missense Mutations of the Ephrin Receptor EPHA1 Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Disrupt Receptor Signaling Functions.","authors":"Mike Matsumoto, Maricel Gomez-Soler, Sara Lombardi, Bernhard C Lechtenberg, Elena B Pasquale","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Missense mutations in the EPHA1 receptor tyrosine kinase have been identified in Alzheimer's patients. To gain insight into their potential role in disease pathogenesis, we investigated the effects of four of these mutations. We show that the P460L mutation in the second fibronectin type III (FN2) domain drastically reduces EPHA1 cell surface localization while increasing tyrosine phosphorylation of the cell surface localized receptor. The R791H mutation in the kinase domain abolishes EPHA1 tyrosine phosphorylation, indicating abrogation of kinase-dependent signaling. Furthermore, both mutations decrease EPHA1 phosphorylation on S906 in the kinase-SAM linker region, suggesting impairment of a non-canonical form of signaling regulated by serine/threonine kinases. The R492Q mutation, also in the FN2 domain, has milder effects than the P460L mutation while the R926C mutation in the SAM domain increases S906 phosphorylation. We also found that EPHA1 undergoes constitutive proteolytic cleavage in the FN2 domain, generating a soluble 55 kDa N-terminal fragment containing the ligand-binding domain and a transmembrane 60 kDa C-terminal fragment. The 60 kDa wild-type fragment is phosphorylated on both tyrosine residues and S906, suggesting signaling functions. The P460L mutant 60 kDa fragment undergoes proteasomal degradation and the R791H mutant fragment lacks tyrosine phosphorylation and has decreased S906 phosphorylation. These findings advance our understanding of EPHA1 signaling mechanisms and support the notion that alterations in EPHA1 signaling due to missense mutations contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"108099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The C-terminal α-helix is crucial for the activity of the bacterial ABC transporter BmrA.","authors":"Veronika Osten, Kristin Oepen, Dirk Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ABC transporters are membrane integral proteins that consist of a transmembrane (TMD) and nucleotide-binding domain (NBD). Two monomers (half-transporters) of the Bacillus subtilis ABC transporter BmrA (Bacillus multidrug-resistance ATP) dimerize to build a functional full-transporter. As all ABC exporters, BmrA uses the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport substrate molecules across the cell membrane. For substrate transport, a BmrA dimer undergoes major conformational changes. ATP binding drives dimerization of the NBDs followed by the hydrolysis of the nucleotides. Conserved structural elements within the NBD and TMD are crucial for dimerization and the activity of BmrA. In the BmrA structure, an α-helix is present at the C-terminus, which can be subdivided in two smaller helices. As shown here, the very C-terminal helix (fragment) is not crucial for the BmrA activity. In fact, based on Cys-scanning mutagenesis, this region is highly flexible. In contrast, a BmrA variant lacking the entire C-terminal α-helix, showed no ATPase and transport activity. Via Ala-scanning we identified residues in the N-terminal fragment of the helix that are crucial for the BmrA activity, most likely via establishing contacts to structural elements involved in ATP recognition, binding and/or hydrolysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"108098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Vargas, Rhiannon R Penkert, Kenneth E Prehoda
{"title":"A PDZ-kinase allosteric relay mediates Par complex regulator exchange.","authors":"Elizabeth Vargas, Rhiannon R Penkert, Kenneth E Prehoda","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Par complex polarizes the plasma membrane of diverse animal cells using the catalytic activity of atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) to pattern substrates. Two upstream regulators of the Par complex, Cdc42 and Par-3, bind separately to the complex to influence its activity in different ways. Each regulator binds a distinct member of the complex, Cdc42 to Par-6 and Par-3 to aPKC, making it unclear how they influence one another's binding. Here we report the discovery that Par-3 binding to aPKC is regulated by aPKC autoinhibition and link this regulation to Cdc42 and Par-3 exchange. The Par-6 PDZ domain activates aPKC binding to Par-3 via a novel interaction with the aPKC kinase domain. Cdc42 and Par-3 have opposite effects on the Par-6 PDZ-aPKC kinase interaction: while the Par-6 kinase domain interaction competes with Cdc42 binding to the complex, Par-3 binding is enhanced by the interaction. The differential effect of Par-3 and Cdc42 on the Par-6 PDZ interaction with the aPKC kinase domain forms an allosteric relay that connects their binding sites and is responsible for the negative cooperativity that underlies Par complex polarization and activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"108097"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenxiang Cao, Thomas E Sladewski, Aoife T Heaslip, Enrique M De La Cruz
{"title":"Bending stiffness of Toxoplasma gondii actin filaments.","authors":"Wenxiang Cao, Thomas E Sladewski, Aoife T Heaslip, Enrique M De La Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Actin is essential for the survival and pathogenicity of the Apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, where it plays essential functions in cargo transport, invasion, egress, and organelle inheritance. Recent work has shown that, unlike vertebrate skeletal muscle actin, purified T. gondii actin filaments (TgAct1) can undergo rapid treadmilling, due to large differences in the barbed- and pointed-end critical concentrations, rapid subunit dissociation from filament ends, and a rapid nucleotide exchange rate constant from free monomers. Previous structural analysis suggested that the unique assembly properties of TgAct1filaments may be a functional consequence of reduced contacts between the DNAse-1 binding loop (D-loop) of a filament subunit and its adjacent, long-axis subunit neighbor. Because the D-loop makes stabilizing interactions between neighboring subunits, it has been implicated in regulating the mechanical properties of actin filaments. In this study, we measured the bending persistence length (L<sub>B</sub>) of TgAct1 filaments and the filament length distribution. We found that despite compromised intersubunit D-loop contacts, TgAct1 filaments have similar bending stiffness and thermodynamic stability as vertebrate actin filaments. Analysis of published cryoEM image density maps indicates that TgAct1 filaments retain a stabilizing inter-subunit salt bridge between E168 and K62 and reveals visible density between Y167 and S61 of adjacent filament subunits, consistent with a conserved cation binding site proximal to the D-loop, as initially identified in vertebrate skeletal muscle actin filaments. These results favor a mechanism in which weak D-loop interactions compromise TgAct1 subunit incorporation at filament ends, while minimally affecting overall subunit interactions within filaments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"108101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One-for-all gene inactivation via PAM-independent base editing in bacteria.","authors":"Xin Li, Ying Wei, Shu-Yan Wang, Shu-Guang Wang, Peng-Fei Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.108113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Base editing is preferable for bacterial gene inactivation without generating double strand breaks, requiring homology recombination or highly efficient DNA delivery capability. However, the potential of base editing is limited by the adjoined dependence on the editing window and protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). Herein, we report an unconstrained base editing system to enable the inactivation of any genes of interest (GOIs) in bacteria. We employed a dCas9 derivative, dSpRY, and activation-induced cytidine deaminase to build a PAM-independent base editor. Then, we programmed the base editor to exclude the START codon of a GOI instead of introducing premature STOP codons to obtain a universal approach for gene inactivation, namely XSTART, with an overall efficiency approaching 100%. By using XSTART, we successfully manipulated the amino acid metabolisms in Escherichia coli, generating glutamine, arginine, and aspartate auxotrophic strains. While we observed a high frequency of off-target events as a trade-off for increased efficiency, refining the regulatory system of XSTART to limit expression levels reduced off-target events by over 60% without sacrificing efficiency, aligning our results with previously reported levels. Finally, the effectiveness of XSTART was also demonstrated in probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 and photoautotrophic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, illustrating its potential in reprogramming diverse bacteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":15140,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"108113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}