Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Type I hypersensitivity reaction as a complication of lepa","authors":"Deepa Manjunath Janthli, A. Chaturvedi, S. Somashekar, B. Lohith","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.170583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.170583","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse drug reaction is defined as response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis or therapy of disease, or for the modification of physiological functions. Type I hypersensitivity reaction is known as anaphylactic reaction which is due to immediate immunoglobulin E-mediated reaction. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever nausea, back pain, angiodema, rash, flushing, etc. Lepa generally refers to the application of pastes formed by mixing powder of herbs with water, milk, etc., and liquids. Complementary and alternative medicines are frequently used by the general population. Many people consider them to be without side effects. Ayurvedic treatment involves Shodhana (biopurification), Shaman (pacification), Bahya (external therapy), and Abhyantara karma's (internal therapy) for treating different diseases. One such bahya karma or external therapy is lepa. Even though lepa is said as \"Aadhya Upakrama,\" undue hypersensitivity is observed in many patients. A 60-year-old woman had an adverse reaction to lepa after being administered as an external medication. The observations were erythema, eruptions, and itching. Such case of hypersensitivity is discussed in the present study.","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"1 1","pages":"23 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73023458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for estimation of lercanidipine HCl in pure form and from nanosuspension formulation","authors":"Ankita D. Chonkar, R. S. Managuli, J. Rao, N. Udupa","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.170586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.170586","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Quantitative estimation of lercanidipine HCl in bulk material as well as from nanosuspension formulations via a developed reverse phase HPLC method. Materials and Methods: Optimized chromatographic condition was used to achieve separation on a Kromasil (100-5c18 250 × 4.6 mm) column using Shimadzu HPLC system. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetate buffer (20 mM pH 4.5) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 10:90, v/v. It is pumped through the chromatographic system at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detection was carried out at 240 nm using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry detector. The method was validated as per Q2 (R1) guidelines, and suitability of the developed method was established by optimized nanosuspension formulation. Results: The method is specific to lercanidipine (RT: 7.7 min), and has ability to resolve the analyte peak from excipient interferences. It is linear (regression coefficient: 0.9993), accurate (average recovery: 100%), and passed all the system suitability requirements. Conclusion: Developed method was found applicable for evaluation of drug content, content uniformity, and analyzing samples of dissolution studies of nanosuspension.","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"31 1","pages":"17 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75068156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory arrest due to nitrofurantoin treatment in the absence of pulmonary pathology","authors":"Hikmet Çoban","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.168050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.168050","url":null,"abstract":"In the case we present, an elderly female patient developed respiratory arrest in the absence of pulmonary pathology after using nitrofurantoin (NF). To our current knowledge, this case is the first in the literature. The patient was monitored on mechanical ventilation, and her condition improved only after discontinuing NF treatment.","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"9 1","pages":"115 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82021877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of bilateral lower extremity edema due to low dose gabapentin therapy in a young male patient","authors":"A. Kahlon, Naveen Gnanabakthan, A. Dhillon, D. Subedi","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.168053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.168053","url":null,"abstract":"46 year old male with past medical history of schizoaffective disorder and chronic lower back pain, was admitted for management of worsening depression and anxiety. He was started on gabapentin, 300mg twice daily for his back pain and anxiety symptoms. His only other medication was hydrocodone. Over next few days, he started developing worsening bilateral lower extremity edema. He did not have any cardiovascular related symptoms. Physical exam was only significant for 3+ pitting edema with all laboratory values and imaging being unremarkable. Gabapentin was discontinued and his lower extremity swelling improved over subsequent days. Incidence of pedal edema with gabapentin use is approximately 7 to 7.5% with all studies being in elderly patients receiving doses above 1200 mg/day. This case illustrates that lower doses of gabapentin can also cause this adverse effect. It is important to recognize this adverse effect because gabapentin is used in conditions like diabetic neuropathy, which is associated with multiple co-morbidities that can give rise to bilateral leg swelling. Presence of gabapentin induced leg swelling can thus confound the clinical picture.","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"117 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72915550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse drug reactions in the era of multi-morbidity and polypharmacy","authors":"S. Stawicki, TJavier Birriel, R. Uchino, Noran Barry, Tracy Butryn, Donna M. Sabol, P. Valenza","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.168052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.168052","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Sir, We read with great interest the article by Sam et al.[1] on the incidence and types of adverse drug events (ADEs) at a major academic medical center. We congratulate the authors for their very timely and valuable contribution to the area of patient safety. Medication errors are becoming more common in the era of increasingly prevalent multi‐morbidity and polypharmacy as the overall age of the global population increases in a demographic megatrend never before seen by humanity.[2‐4] As Sam et al.[1] pointed out, medication errors constitute a significant proportion of healthcare‐associated adverse events. Although the authors categorize ADEs by primary disorder, type of occurrence, and frequency of IHI triggers, they do not provide specific causative risk factors behind the corresponding ADEs.[1] The authors do, however, go on to discuss specific risk factors for drug‐related adverse events, as compiled from various literature sources. Among many factors, they cite patient age, cardiovascular disease, low patient compliance, and polypharmacy as potential contributors.[1] Polypharmacy by itself may play an important role as a risk factor for ADEs, as pointed out by the authors, due to altered pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and potential drug‐drug interactions among the most frail and thus most susceptible patients.[1,3]","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"8 1","pages":"122 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82876937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An isobolographic analysis of the antinociceptive effect of xylopic acid in combination with morphine or diclofenac","authors":"E. Woode, E. Ameyaw, W. K. Abotsi, Eric Boakye-Gyasi","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.168055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.168055","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A common practice of managing pain globally is the combination of analgesics and this is aimed at facilitating patient compliance, simplifying prescription, and improving efficacy without increasing adverse effects. Fruit extracts of Xylopia aethiopica are used traditionally in the management of pain disorders and xylopic acid (XA) present in the fruit extract have been shown to possess analgesic properties in animals. There is the likelihood of concomitant use of XA and the commonly used analgesics in traditional settings. This study, therefore, evaluated the pharmacologic interaction between XA/morphine and xylopic/diclofenac combinations. Methods: The formalin test and acetic acid writhing test were used to study the antinociceptive activity of XA, morphine, and diclofenac. The isobolographic analysis was used to study the antinociceptive interactions between XA co-administered with morphine or diclofenac. Results: Results obtained revealed that XA (10–100 mg/kg), morphine (1–10 mg/kg), and diclofenac (1–10 mg/kg) produced dose-related antinociception with different potencies in the formalin and acetic acid writhing tests. Isobolographic analysis of XA/morphine and XA/diclofenac combinations revealed potentiation of their antinociceptive effects. The degree of potentiation calculated as interaction index showed synergism for both combinations in all the nociceptive tests. Conclusion: In conclusion, the present study demonstrated synergism for the co-administration of XA with morphine or diclofenac.","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"2013 1","pages":"103 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73366345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of the prescribing patterns for under-five patients at a Tertiary Paediatric Hospital in Sierra Leone","authors":"Christine Cole, Peter Bai James, A. Kargbo","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.168051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.168051","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: There is limited information on pediatric prescribing in Sierra Leone. This study evaluated prescribing patterns for under-five patients at Ola During Children's Hospital (ODCH) and assessed the extent of rational prescribing. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study of 294 prescriptions, selected by systematic random sampling was conducted at the outpatient department of ODCH. The World Health Organisation prescribing indicators were analyzed using the SPSS package 16.0. The index of rational drug prescribing (IRDP) was calculated to assess rational prescribing. Results: The average number of medicines per prescription was 3.77. The percentage of medicines prescribed by generic names was 71.0%, while 74.8% and 21.1% of prescriptions had an antibiotic and injection, respectively. The percentage of medicines prescribed from the national essential medicines list was 70.6%. The most commonly prescribed pharmacological groups of medicines were vitamins (85.37%) and antibiotics (82.99%). The IRDP was 2.71, instead of the ideal value of 5. Conclusion: Pediatric prescribing patterns at the outpatient department of ODCH cannot be said to be entirely rational, especially with regards to antibiotic and injection prescribing.","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"22 1","pages":"109 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74497892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypersensitivity reaction associated with phenytoin","authors":"T. Indu, R. Basutkar","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.168054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.168054","url":null,"abstract":"Hypersensitivity reactions with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are generally associated with aromatic AEDs. We present a case of hypersensitivity reactions followed by administration of phenytoin with diazepam and ranitidine in a patient with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Antigen-antibody reactions or decreased levels of epoxide hydrolase are well known with phenytoin. Increased level of serum phenytoin causing toxicities due to competitive inhibition with diazepam on co-administration was also reported in the literature. Prevention of the adverse effects with AEDs is a multi-stage process, which requires implementation of preventive measures through careful monitoring and prompts interventions.","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"37 1","pages":"119 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74524707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiarthritic activity of a polyherbal formulation against Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis in Female Wistar rats.","authors":"R Ramesh Petchi,&nbsp;S Parasuraman,&nbsp;C Vijaya,&nbsp;S V Gopala Krishna,&nbsp;M Kiran Kumar","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.160738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.160738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To formulate a polyherbal formulation and evaluate its antiarthritic activity against Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis in Female Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Glycosmis pentaphylla, Tridax procumbens, and Mangifera indica are well-known plants available throughout India and they are commonly used for the treatment of various diseases including arthritis. The polyherbal formulation was formulated using the ethanol extracts of the stem bark of G. pentaphylla , whole plant of T. procumbens, and leaves of M. indica. The polyherbal formulation contains the ethanol extracts of G. pentaphylla, T. procumbens, and M. indica in the ratio of 2:2:1. The quality of the finished product was evaluated as per the World Health Organization's guidelines for the quality control of herbal materials. Arthritis was induced in female Wistar rats using Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), and the antiarthritic effect of polyherbal formulation was studied at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. The effects were compared with those of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). At the end of the study, blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analysis. The radiological examination was carried out before terminating the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Polyherbal formulation showed significant antiarthritic activity at 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively, and this effect was comparable with that of indomethacin. The antiarthritic activity of polyherbal formulation is supported by biochemical and hematological analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The polyherbal formulation showed signinicant antiarthritic activity against FCA-induced arthritis in female Wistar rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"6 3","pages":"77-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4103/0976-0105.160738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33884798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro activity of levofloxacin against lower respiratory tract pathogens.","authors":"Soma Sarkar,&nbsp;Atreyi Chakraborty,&nbsp;Mallika Sengupta,&nbsp;Sougata Ghosh,&nbsp;Subhasish Mukhopadhyay,&nbsp;Manideepa SenGupta","doi":"10.4103/0976-0105.160749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.160749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considerable morbidity and mortality are associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) that put a considerable strain on the health budget. Selection of appropriate antibiotics as empirical therapy maximizes positive patient outcomes, and that depends on regular surveillance of infective agents and their antibiograms, which vary according to the geographical areas.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim was to study the drug susceptibility pattern of the isolated pathogens of the respiratory tract infections.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Retrospective study for a period of 1-year 3 months from January 2013 to March 2014 at a Tertiary Care Hospital.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eleven hundred and eighty-four sputum samples from both outdoor and indoor patients with symptoms of LRTI were processed, and antibiotic sensitivity test was done to commonly used antibiotics. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 502 quality sputum samples, 312 (62.15%) samples showed growth of pathogenic bacteria. The most common pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (38.14%), Moraxella spp. (16.02%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (14.10%), Pseudomonas spp. (9.93%), S. aureus (9.29%). It was found that the overall susceptibility pattern was <50% for amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, cotrimoxazole and erythromycin whereas for cefotaxime, cefixime, and cefoperazone-sulbactum it was 60.08%, 51.59%, 69.04%, respectively. The susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin were 66.67%, 70.19% and 83.33%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Klebsiella spp. was the most common LRTI pathogen. There was limited activity of amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, cotrimoxazole and erythromycin for the treatment of LRTI whereas levofloxacin, (being an oral drug with good compliance) had good activity against respiratory pathogens and could be used for empiric treatment in LRTI.</p>","PeriodicalId":15046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy","volume":"6 3","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/b5/JBCP-6-89.PMC4513337.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33885262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}