Вопросы безопасности最新文献

{"title":"Neurotechnologies in Geopolitics, Management, Economics during the Global crisis and hybrid Wars (Part 1)","authors":"Valeriy Vladimirovich Glushchenko","doi":"10.25136/2409-7543.2022.2.38194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.2.38194","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is methodological aspects of the application of neurotechnologies in management, economics and geopolitics in the conditions of the 9th technological order; the object of the work is neurotechnologies in the conditions of the 9th technological order; the purpose of the article is to reduce the geopolitical risk in international relations during the development of the 9th technological order. The relevance of the article is determined by the development of the global crisis and the possibility of using neurotechnologies in the process of geopolitical competition, the aggravation of the geopolitical crisis, the development of the methodology of hybrid wars gives additional relevance to the article; neurotechnologies can act as a structural element of hybrid wars; neurotechnologies can influence the psycho-physical state of the population and decision makers. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the synthesis of management methodology geopolitical risks in the context of the global crisis, based on the development and practical application of neurotechnologies in the period of the 9th technological order. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: the concept and features of geopolitical risk are introduced; the influence of geopolitical risk on the sustainability of the development of the 9th technological order is investigated; methodological provisions of neurogeopolitics are formed, changes in world orders in their connection with technological patterns (orders) are studied; the evolution of military methods in geopolitics in the process of changing technological patterns is described; the concept of managing the geopolitical risk of the state is formed. Scientific methods are: historical analysis; neurotechnology; geopolitics; political science; methodology and philosophy of science, a systematic approach; heuristic methods; method of constructing scenarios.","PeriodicalId":150406,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы безопасности","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129827822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural prisons and colonies in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth Century: on the question of the expediency of creation and the problems of implementation","authors":"Andrey P. Elchaninov, Olga Yurevna Elchaninova","doi":"10.25136/2409-7543.2022.2.35510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.2.35510","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In a rapidly changing world order, one of the strategic goals facing Russia at the moment is to ensure food security, which is an integral part of national security. In the Russian Federation, enterprises of various forms of ownership are currently involved in agriculture. Among them, a special place is occupied by specialized agricultural enterprises and subsidiary farms under the jurisdiction of the Federal Penitentiary Service, one of the main tasks of which is to ensure food security of the penal system. Unfortunately, the production capacities of these enterprises and their efficiency are currently insufficient, which is explained by a number of objective reasons. Meanwhile, the possibilities of the penitentiary system in the production of agricultural products, the restoration of agricultural land, the restoration of forests are quite large, which is now being talked about more and more often. The idea of using persons serving a prison sentence in the process of agricultural production is not new. At the turn of the XIX – XX centuries, these ideas were actively discussed both at international prison congresses and among Russian penitentiaries. Taking into account the relevance of the topic, this paper examines the main ideas of domestic penitentiaries on the creation of agricultural colonies and prisons in the Russian Empire, the advantages and disadvantages of correctional institutions of a new type in front of the prevailing imprisonment at that time. The conducted research allowed the authors to conclude that the main ideas developed at the beginning of the twentieth century by domestic lawyers on the creation of agricultural colonies and prisons remain relevant for Russia in the XXI century. The results of studies of the early twentieth century on the topic under consideration, after their thorough refinement, can be taken into account by modern lawyers when adjusting the concept of the development of the domestic penal system. \u0000","PeriodicalId":150406,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы безопасности","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123987736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of sanitary and epidemiological safety of students' nutrition for the formation of adaptive immunity to alimentary and viral diseases","authors":"Lyudmila Gennad'evna Eliseeva, Y. D. Belkin, A. Osman, Polina G. Molodkina, I. Makhotina, T. A. Santuryan","doi":"10.25136/2409-7543.2022.2.37868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.2.37868","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of the study is the influence of nutrients on the formation of immunity. WHO classifies malnutrition as one of the ten most important risk factors for food security, leads to a decrease in the body's ability to form protective mechanisms of resistance to negative biotic and abiotic factors and contributes to the active spread of alimentary food and viral diseases. Over the past 15 years, the incidence of students has increased by more than 40%. Providing the body with the necessary physiologically active nutrients is of great importance in the formation of psychological resistance to stress. The paper uses the method of questioning students to find out the level of satisfaction of the body with immunomodulating food ingredients. Methods of classification, grouping, generalization and analysis, statistical processing of the results of the answers to the questions posed in relation to eating behavior. In this paper, for the first time, an assessment of the quality and safety of the students' diet was carried out to assess the potential immune status and resistance to coronavirus infection and nutritional diseases. It is confirmed that the students' eating behavior requires significant adjustments. More than 50% of students change their eating behavior while studying at the university. The diet and the recommended frequency of meals are violated. There is a shortage of meat products, fish and dairy products. The excess in the daily diet of flour and confectionery products, fast food was revealed. More than 35-40% have a deficiency of high-grade protein, ω-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, zinc, selenium. Proposals have been developed to reduce the deficiency of immunomodulating nutrients, the necessity of introducing biologically active additives and vitamin and mineral complexes into the diet during the exacerbation of the epidemic of viral diseases to increase adaptive potential has been shown. It is proposed to introduce the assessment of the nutritional status of students as a criterion of the potential adaptive potential of students to increase resistance to alimentary and viral diseases\u0000","PeriodicalId":150406,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы безопасности","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130279702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Regulation of Artificial Intelligence as a factor of Financial and Banking Sector Security: China's Experience","authors":"E. Gorian","doi":"10.25136/2409-7543.2022.2.38380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.2.38380","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The object of the study is the relations in the field of ethical regulation of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the financial and banking sector. The subject of the study is represented by China's regulatory documents that establish requirements for the deployment and application of artificial intelligence technologies. The features of the Chinese approach to the regulation of relations in this area are determined. General and special ethical requirements for artificial intelligence technologies are characterized. The article examines the activities of the financial regulator – the People's Bank of China in regulating relations in the field of ethics of artificial intelligence and fintech companies, identifies key aspects of security in respect of which ethical requirements are especially necessary. China systematically implements the state policy on the legal regulation of the digital economy through the regulatory inclusion of ethical requirements for artificial intelligence technologies legal mechanisms. Ethical regulations cover all aspects of relations and focus on the security of personal data, freedom of competition and responsibility of subjects. We especially note the emphasis of the Chinese authorities on the principle of non-discrimination of individual social groups and administrative-territorial entities, which will reduce and level the gap in the use of digital technologies on a national scale, and will also contribute to the unity of the nation. The financial regulator keeps the issue of ethics of artificial intelligence under control, developing appropriate regulatory acts for financial institutions. The People's Bank of China pays special attention to the \"weak\" aspects of the financial and banking sector in legal regulation: personal data protection and unfair competition.\u0000","PeriodicalId":150406,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы безопасности","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122285776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic corruption in a static model of a combination of general and private interests","authors":"O. Gorbaneva","doi":"10.25136/2409-7543.2022.1.33483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.1.33483","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article is devoted to the study of corruption in the previously studied static model of the combination of general and private interests (SOCHI model) of several agents. In this article, special attention is paid to the study of economic corruption. To do this, an intermediate level is introduced into the previously considered two-level system between the Principal and the Agents - a supervisor who represents the interests of the Principal, but in exchange for a bribe can improve the position of the agent at the expense of the Principal. The latter sets for each agent, himself and the supervisor a share of participation in the total income. The supervisor can increase the agent's share in exchange for a bribe, reducing the Principal's share. This article examines a three-level hierarchical system in which the supervisor uses an economic corruption mechanism, in the study of which two approaches are used: descriptive and optimization. The descriptive approach assumes that the functions of bribery in question are known. The optimization approach involves the use of Hermeyer's theorem. The influence of economic corruption on systemic consistency in the SOCHI model is investigated: it is proved that economic corruption can theoretically increase consistency. But this requires the fulfillment of many conditions, the joint fulfillment of which is unlikely. It is proved that economic corruption is always beneficial for agents, and also for the supervisor. The only way to combat this kind of corruption has been found.\u0000","PeriodicalId":150406,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы безопасности","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131379310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The problem of control systems for illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances","authors":"Ivan Yur'evich Belyaev","doi":"10.25136/2409-7543.2022.1.37626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.1.37626","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of the study is problematic issues of control systems for illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The author analyzes the control systems of the Russian Federation, as well as foreign states, analyzes the relationship of the control system for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with the national security system of the state. Particular attention is paid to the search and justification of common features and features of control systems for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in existing legal systems. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the classification of control systems, the principles of functioning of control systems and the extension of the tools of existing control systems to new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive analysis of existing legal norms aimed at suppressing illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The author introduces the term \"control system for illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances\", and classifies existing control systems. The main conclusions of the study are: 1) currently, there are individual, universal and mixed control systems for illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances; 2) the Russian control system is individual; 3) the universal control system is most consistent with the goals of ensuring national security. The results of the study are applicable in law-making, law enforcement and research activities. \u0000","PeriodicalId":150406,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы безопасности","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134347973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential threats to the use of genetic technologies and legal ways to resolve them","authors":"Vyacheslav Khamitovich Karimov, Dmitrii Aleksandrovich Kazantsev","doi":"10.25136/2409-7543.2022.1.36744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.1.36744","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The object of the study is public relations in the field of the use of genetic technologies and their impact on human and civil rights and freedoms, ensuring the security of society and the state. The subject of the study is the provisions of international law, the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field under consideration, the norms of Russian and international law in the field of criminal law protection of relations that may be jeopardized by the use of genomic technologies. The authors draw attention to the fact that the existing legal system does not fully solve the tasks of ensuring the security of human and civil rights and freedoms, society, the state, environmental protection from dangerous encroachments using advances in the field of genetics. The results of the study are based on formal logical and general scientific methods of scientific cognition, a systematic approach. In addition, private scientific methods: formal legal, comparative legal method of legal interpretation. The main conclusions of the study are the following provisions. Potential threats that pose a danger to human life and health, ensuring the safety of society and the environment have been identified. Potential risks may arise in the field of human genetic research, genome editing technologies of various organisms, illegal collection and use of genetic information about a person, the threat of the development and use of genetic weapons as a type of biological weapon, in the field of regulating the activities of DNA laboratories, the use of genetic material for cloning and the use of human embryonic material. As a solution, it is proposed to use the positive foreign experience indicated in the work, the ideas of domestic authors and also the author's proposals for improving the legal regulation of the sphere in question. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that actual and potential risks are identified that pose a serious danger not only to individuals, but also to society as a whole. Legal solutions for their elimination are proposed. \u0000","PeriodicalId":150406,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы безопасности","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124353524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of municipalities in ensuring economic security of the Russian regions","authors":"V. Starovoitov","doi":"10.25136/2409-7543.2022.1.36842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.1.36842","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of this research is the state of economic security of municipalities and their role in ensuring economic security of the Russian regions. The object of this research is provision of economic security of the Russian regions. The article employs the methods of qualitative, quantitative and multi-criteria analysis for ranking regions and municipalities, as well as the methods of systematization and generalization. The author substantiates the relevance of ensuring economic security on the regional and municipal levels due to the fact that the crucial socioeconomic processes associated with economic activity of an the individual and phenomena determining the quality of life take place namely in the regions and municipalities. The main conclusion consists in determination and application of the most significant scientific approaches and methodologies, as well as best organizational practice of ensuring economic security of the municipalities, which allows detecting the threats and threshold values of the indicators of economic security indicators, and improving the quality of assessment of their level of economic security. This enables the mobilization of municipalities in the activity of ensuring their economic security and socioeconomic development. Experience has proven that the level of economic activity and quality of life is growing in the regions, where municipalities successfully solve the issues of their economic security. The scientific novelty of this study consists in revealing and analyzing the currently most important results in the sphere of economic security of the regions and municipalities, as well as in outlining the promising directions of research and their use in solution of the issues of economic security and socioeconomic development of the Russian regions and municipalities. \u0000","PeriodicalId":150406,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы безопасности","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129537055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of the approach towards development of lifecycle model for the integrated security systems","authors":"I. V. Loginov, Vladimir Gennad'evich Sosunov","doi":"10.25136/2409-7543.2021.4.37121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2021.4.37121","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The subject of this research is the integrated security systems and the processes of their continuous improvement during the lifecycle. The goal lies in examination of the problem of systematization of lifecycle processes of the integrated security systems and formalization of their lifecycle model, taking into consideration the available practices of building security systems. The effectiveness of complex system support processes is first and foremost determined by the accurate identification of management goals and objectives, which requires an the lifecycle model adequate to the controlled object. Since the integrated security system has the characteristics of both, capital construction (engineering networks) and technical system (integration platform), the question of improvement of the lifecycle model is relevant. The main research results are as follows: substantiation of the problem of systematization of lifecycle models of the integrated security systems; analysis of the approaches towards their standardization, and substantiation of lifecycle model of the integrated security systems based on the system accounting of conducted operations. The novelty of the proposed model lies in the improvement of reference models of the integrated security systems by taking into account the entirety of reconfiguration and modernization operations. Description is given to the problem of systematization of lifecycle processes of the integrated security systems, which occurs due to the possibility of their classification as different groups of the complex systems. The offered lifecycle model of the integrated security systems through systematization of regulatory requirements is an attempt to acquire a non-contradictory list of measures in creation and operation of the integrated security systems. The results of this research can be used in practical activity of the employees of onsite security service in the context of development of the integrated security system. The implementation of the offered lifecycle model of the integrated security system in the processes of their development would allow systematizing the structure of processes, arranging the functions and activity of the departments on the continuous logistic support of the integrated security systems, and ensuring their consistent improvement.\u0000","PeriodicalId":150406,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы безопасности","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129359374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global risks of the government and society in digital economy","authors":"A. Bakulina","doi":"10.25136/2409-7543.2021.4.37104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2021.4.37104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores the vulnerabilities of Russia in the digital environment, as well as such phenomena of modern digital economy as cryptocurrencies, blockchain, big data, artificial intelligence, and robotics. The question is raised on the risks that humanity faces in the digital space, which entail the implementation of the latest technologies in society. The author offers the ways for their minimization. The article covers the project “Digital Economy” developed by the Government of the Russian Federation, which is intended for creation of sustainable and secure information and telecommunications infrastructure for high-speed transmission, processing and storage of data bulk, accessible to all organizations and households. Analysis is conducted on the modern enterprise in the sphere of information and communication technologies and the concept on the protection against personal data theft. The crucial role of the IT specialists in digitalization is highlighted. The conclusion is made that in digital space, the major threat to national security is the hacker attacks aimed at the theft of personal data, intellectual property, etc. The author believes that the minimization of risks detected in the course of research requires providing technology opportunity for the Russian Federation to store the collected data locally, rather than abroad. The all-round government influence on the research and legislative sphere, legislative orientation towards stimulating the development of innovation technologies would ensure safe and effective integration of socioeconomic sphere into the digital space.\u0000","PeriodicalId":150406,"journal":{"name":"Вопросы безопасности","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126709915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}