Leon Niyibizi, A. Vidakovic, Anna Norman Haldén, Simon Rukera Tabaro, T. Lundh
{"title":"Aquaculture and aquafeed in Rwanda: current status and perspectives","authors":"Leon Niyibizi, A. Vidakovic, Anna Norman Haldén, Simon Rukera Tabaro, T. Lundh","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.2024315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.2024315","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A survey was conducted to obtain up-to-date information and create a knowledge base on pond fish farming, local feed ingredients, and their nutritive properties in Rwanda. Sixty-seven pond-farms were randomly sampled from a population of 112 countrywide. Semi-intensive was the dominant (81%) farming-system and three fish species were cultured: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and North African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Tilapia was the most commonly farmed species, and >50% of pond-farms were located in Northern and Southern provinces. There were 1–3 hatcheries per province, all producing tilapia. In total, 31 feed ingredients were identified, with rice, wheat, and maize bran being most commonly used. Feed analysis revealed high protein content (>350 g kg−1 CP) in local fishmeal, chicken viscera, and spent brewer’s yeast. Local ingredients and potential novel-feeds need further investigation prior to their confident use in fish diets to improve aquaculture at a low-cost in Rwanda.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43493570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Herawati, S. Windarto, D. Prasetyo, S. B. Prayitno, Ocky Karna Radjasa
{"title":"The effect of mass cultured Phronima pacifica feed using Caulerpa lentillifera substrate on growth performance and nutritional quality of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)","authors":"V. Herawati, S. Windarto, D. Prasetyo, S. B. Prayitno, Ocky Karna Radjasa","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.2018378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.2018378","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The nutritional content of P. pacifica for protein ranges from 40% to 50% fat 10–15% and EPA is 7.52% not much different from the nutritional content of Artemia sp. i.e. 45–55%, fat 10–12%. The aim of the study was to find of the effect of different levels of substrate (C. lentillifera) in the culture of P. pacifica resulting in the best growth performance and nutritional quality of L. vannamei. The L. vannamei used, weighing 0.029 ± 0.001 g were stocked at a density of 5 individual L-1 and reared for 30 days. Treatment of Pacific white shrimp larvae feeding with P. pacifica resulted from mass culture using a substrate the P. pacifica cultured at different levels of C. lentillifera as a substrate: A (0 g m−2); B (20 g m−2); C (40 g m−2); and D (60 g m−2). The results showed that the best treatment of pacific white shrimp fed by P. pacifica cultured using substrate C. lentillifera 60 g m−2 (D). The results showed that post-larvae of L. vannamei shrimp fed by P. pacifica cultured using the substrate of C. lentillifera 60 gram/m2 (D) produces the highest value on RGR of 34.98%, the absolute length growth of 1.97 cm; biomass weight of 0.0104 g; the survival rate of 96% and grazing rate 23.034 individual day−1. 62.15% of protein and 8.04% of fat; the EPA was 7.95%, and lysine was 11.95%.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43015364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Merchant, T. Joanen, Jennifer Berkin, Chad Courville
{"title":"A comparison of stress levels in farmed and wild American alligators: an indicator of animal health and best farming practices","authors":"Mark Merchant, T. Joanen, Jennifer Berkin, Chad Courville","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.2017382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.2017382","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Blood was collected from alligators at a large alligator farm in Louisiana to compare stress levels to those in wild alligators. The measurement of corticosterone (CORT) levels and heterophil/lymphocyte ratios were used to assess stress levels because both parameters become elevated during periods of physiological stress. We compared CORT concentrations and H/L ratios in wild animals that were either the same size or the same age class as farmed alligators. Plasma CORT levels and H/L ratios were no higher than those in wild alligators. To ensure consistent results across the farm, we compared plasma hormone concentrations in animals of the same size classes maintained in different enclosures and also in different buildings and found no differences. We believe that results such as these obtained from independent laboratories can be used as evidence for regulatory agencies that crocodylian farms raise their animals in low stress environments under Best Management Practices guidelines.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46598129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Brasiliense, Renan Pereira Mendonça, Paulo Eric Moreira de Almeida, L. F. Damasceno, M. D. F. G. Hoshino, E. T. Yoshioka
{"title":"Different dietary protein levels for Podocnemis unifilis subadult farming: hematological and biochemical assessment","authors":"A. Brasiliense, Renan Pereira Mendonça, Paulo Eric Moreira de Almeida, L. F. Damasceno, M. D. F. G. Hoshino, E. T. Yoshioka","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.2016544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.2016544","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study evaluated the physiological responses of subadult yellow-spotted Amazon river turtle, Podocnemis unifilis, to incremental crude protein levels (29%, 32%, 35%, and 39% CP) as extruded commercial feeds. The hematological and plasma biochemical parameters of P. unifilis were analyzed at 60, 120, and 180 days of the feeding trial. The increase in total thrombocyte, leukocyte, lymphocyte, heterophil, and eosinophil numbers, besides high respiratory burst activity showed an improvement in animal immune defense response to incremental protein in diets, acting together to maintain the integrity of the tissues against antigens and infectious agents. Elevated subadult P. unifilis plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels observed after increasing the feeding time (until 180 days) with incremented protein levels in artificial diets during captivity are a nutritional warning, related to the condition of being less physically active. Based on these results, periodic physiological evaluations are particularly important to ensure the healthy and adequate nutritional conditions of captive-bred animals, such as maintaining lower stocking densities of animals to avoid stress and, if possible, providing them with fresh food in addition to extruded artificial feed.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43519322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shabana Shameem M., Karthika Mayavan, R. Venkatachalam
{"title":"Influence of quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (QMSNs) on immunity and diseases resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Shabana Shameem M., Karthika Mayavan, R. Venkatachalam","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.2000921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.2000921","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to scrutinize the potentiality of Quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (QMSNs) to improve the disease resistance and immune response in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The study used five experimental groups of fish with a mean weight of 0.69 ± 0.31 g; three groups were fed quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (QMSNs) incorporated diets (0.25 g kg−1 – QMSNs 0.25, 0.50 g kg−1 – QMSNs 0.50, 1 g kg−1 – QMSNs 1), while the control group was fed an additive-free basal diet. The fifth group was a strict quercetin-only diet (0.25 g kg−1 – QMD). Feeding trial was done for 90 days prior to the experimental challenge with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae. Dietary quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (QMSNs) especially at 0.50 g kg−1 significantly increased digestive enzymes, phagocytic index, potential killing activity, respiratory burst activity, and Serum antibacterial activity. Furthermore, antioxidant-related genes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] and metabolic enzymes [serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT)] were found to be upregulated in the muscle and hepatopancreases of fish fed with 0.50 g kg−1 QMSNs. Survival rates were significantly higher in the 0.50 g kg−1 QMSNs group at the end of the 15th day challenge period compared to all other treatment groups. As a result, feeding Nile tilapia with 0.50 g kg−1 QMSNs for 90 days may be sufficient to improve fish immune response, antioxidant status, and survival rate against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae. As a result, quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (QMSNs) can be recommended as a dietary substitute against K.pneumoniae and S. agalactiae in Nile tilapia.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45890024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. A. Thompson, O. Aturamu, B. Ajiboye, O. Olumide Ojo
{"title":"Effect of pond rental market system on aquaculture farmers in the coastal communities of Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Thompson, O. Aturamu, B. Ajiboye, O. Olumide Ojo","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.2015039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.2015039","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study assessed the effect of renting pond on aquaculture farmers’ productivity in the coastal communities of Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to collect primary data for the study. Data were collected from two hundred and forty (240) aquaculture farmers. Net Profit Margin Ratio (NPMR) was used to determine the profitability of both pond rentals and non-pond rentals. Endogenous Switching Regression Model was used to analyze the effects of renting pond on the productivity of the aquaculture farmers. Result of NPMR revealed that the pond rental aquaculture farmers’ profitability was 9.95% higher than that of non-pond rental farmers. Result of the ESR showed that pond rental aquaculture farmers’ productivity was 9.73 kg/m2 and non-rentals was 7.22 kg/m2. The difference represents increase in productivity of pond rental aquaculture farmers by 34.76%. Hence, aquaculture farmers should be encouraged to participate in pond rental market system to increase their profitability and productivity.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47620531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. K. Patil, T. Vinay, R. Aravind, S. Avunje, K. K. Vijayan
{"title":"Effect of Bacillus spp. on the composition of gut microbiota in early life stages of Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus","authors":"P. K. Patil, T. Vinay, R. Aravind, S. Avunje, K. K. Vijayan","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.2011527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.2011527","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To study the effects of the probiotics on the gut microbial community of Penaeus indicus larvae, a combination of three probiotics—Bacillus subtilis, B. lichiniformis, and B. pumilus (5 × 1010 cfu/gram)—were added to the rearing environment of shrimp larvae (5,000/500 L). Altered microbial communities due to the application of probiotics were studied using 16S rRNA-based Illumina sequencing. The results suggest that the probiotics-treated group showed higher richness; the control group was even as measured by alpha diversity indices. The abundance of Proteobacteria was higher in the probiotic-treated group (94.85%) compared to the control (58.29%). At the genus level, the probiotics group was dominated by Vibrio (44.17%), Rhodobacteraceae_unclassified (25.22%), Catenococcus (12.89%), Pseudoalteromonas (4.76%), and Kordia (1.53%); Tenacibaculum (24.29%), Catenococcus (19.38%), Vibrio (7%), Gammaproteobacteria_unclassified (6.6%), Fluviicola (5.91%), and Chlamydiales_unclassified (4.61%) dominated in the control group. Results indicate that probiotic application influenced the taxonomic profile of gut microbes. This information helps us to understand the effect of probiotic application especially in penaeid shrimp hatcheries.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49433222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Musa, C. Aura, T. Tomasson, Ó. Sigurgeirsson, H. Thorarensen
{"title":"A comparative study of the effects of pelleted and extruded feed on growth, financial revenue and nutrient loading of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) cage culture in a lacustrine environment","authors":"S. Musa, C. Aura, T. Tomasson, Ó. Sigurgeirsson, H. Thorarensen","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.2011528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.2011528","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We compared the benefits of using extruded feed (EF), against pelleted feed (PF) to guide cage culture investments in Great Lakes. Three out of six cages in the same farm had fish that were fed EF and the other half, belonging to a different farm had fish that were fed PF. The diets were similar in crude protein, lipid and energy content. However, the fiber content in PF was 4 times higher than that of EF. The fish fed on EF grew better (438.0 ± 7.4 g) than the fish fed on PF (220.8 ± 2.9 g). The cost of production for EF was about 26% lower than for PF, primarily because of better feed utilization. The load of P and N for PF diet was 59% and 29% higher, respectively, than when EF was used. Therefore, EF feed delivered better economic gains with lower environmental impact than PF feed.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46821081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of endo-(1,4)-β-xylanase in plant-based diets on growth performance, hindgut microbial diversity, and blood chemistry in large on-growing African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","authors":"S. Gericke, K. Salie, L. D. De Wet, N. Goosen","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.2000920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.2000920","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study aimed to investigate the impacts of dietary supplementation of endo-(1,4)-β-xylanase in high plant-ingredient diets in on-growing African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). A high plant-ingredient basal diet was supplemented with exogenous xylanase at 0 (Control diet), 100, 150, and 200 ppm, and fed to on-growing (initial weight ca 500 g) fish for a duration of 91 days. Growth parameters, fillet proximate composition, hindgut microbial diversity, hindgut short-chain fatty acid concentration, and blood chemistry parameters were monitored. There were no effects on growth parameters, fillet proximate composition, hindgut short-chain fatty acid concentration, and blood chemistry parameters. Dietary xylanase supplementation caused a significant shift in hindgut microbial diversity, where the 200 ppm treatment showed significantly lower Shannon diversity (2.15 ± 0.13) than the control (2.78 ± 0.21). The significantly lower microbial diversity indicates that enzyme supplementation selectively benefitted certain microbial populations in the hindgut, presumably through the release of prebiotic compounds during non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis. It is concluded that dietary xylanase supplementation can significantly impact hindgut microbial communities in on-growing African catfish, and it is recommended that future work investigate whether dietary xylanase supplementation can benefit aquaculture production performance in younger fish.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42813987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digestibility of dehulled lupine meal, corn distiller’s dried grain with solubles and de-fatted soybean meal for orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides","authors":"D. Le, Y. Chien","doi":"10.1080/10454438.2021.1999881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2021.1999881","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Our study investigated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), dehulled lupine meal (DHLM) and de-fatted soybean meal (DSBM) for orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides. The ADCcp of DHLM (97%) was the highest while the ADCcp of DDGS (90%) was similar to that of DSBM (89%). Digestible protein (DP) of DHLM (523 g kg−1) was significantly higher than that of DSBM (495 g kg−1) while DP of DDGS (457 g kg−1) was the lowest. We found no difference in digestible energy (DE) between DSBM (17.53 MJ kg−1) and DHLM (16.99 MJ kg−1) while DE of DDGS (15.77 MJ kg−1) was also the lowest. The relationship between fiber class and ADCs suggested that reducing fiber class in DHLM and DDGS should be helpful for the orange-spotted grouper’s digestibility.","PeriodicalId":15031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43177420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}