Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Ideal Airway Management: New Evidence and Strategies Are Still Needed","authors":"F. Xue","doi":"10.24015/JAPM.2016.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24015/JAPM.2016.0031","url":null,"abstract":"In conclusion, there is no single best approach to the difficult airway, but it is important to acquire skill sets and experience with a number of available tools in order to tailor an optimal approach to each individual patient.I believe that the articles published in this special issue will improve our knowledge in several aspects of clinical airway management.I sincerely hope that it will facilitate further research in this very important area of practice to reduce morbidity and mortality related to airway management. Citation: Fu-Shan Xue. Ideal airway management: new evidence and strategies are still needed. J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 233-5. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016.0031This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.","PeriodicalId":15018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine","volume":"335 1","pages":"233-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83390411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway Management of Patients with Ebola Virus Disease","authors":"E. Louise, T. David","doi":"10.24015/JAPM.2016.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24015/JAPM.2016.0036","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of review: The 2014-2015 outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa is the largest in history. This outbreak resulted in the deaths of more than 11,000 people. Although the vast majority of cases occurred in the West African countries of Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia, a number of patients were also cared for in Europe and North America. This review gives an overview of the clinical features and management of patients with EVD with emphasis on respiratory symptoms and airway management. Although Ebola is not commonly associated with respiratory conditions, a number of patients required intubation during the recent epidemic.Methods: Recent literature and guidelines were reviewed and the management of EVD patients with respiratory symptoms was discussed with particular emphasis on those managed outside of West Africa.Recent findings: A total of 27 patients were cared for in the United States and Europe during the 2014-2015 epidemic. Of these, 9 patients progressed to either non-invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation. Respiratory symptoms are more commonly seen in patients encountered in Northern America and Europe when compared to West Africa. This is possibly related to higher volumes of fluid administration in these patients. Although Ebola is not an airborne virus, airway maneuvers such as bag-mask ventilation and intubation can result in generation of aerosolized saliva or other fluids containing the virus. This is a high risk time for transmission to health care workers and extra precautions are required. The addition of airborne precautions, either a powered air purification respirator system (PAPR) or N95 mask, to standard personal protective equipment is suggested when providing airway management to patients with Ebola. There should be consideration of rapid sequence induction and avoidance of bag-mask ventilation to reduce the risk of aerosolization of virus. Patients with a potentially difficult airway require special consideration.Summary: The recent outbreak of Ebola virus disease tested the preparedness of many hospitals, including those in Europe and North America. When caring for patients with Ebola, staff protection and avoidance of transmission of virus to healthcare workers is paramount. Citation:  Louise Ellard, David T. Wong. Airway management of patients with ebola virus disease. J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 270-5. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016.0036This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.","PeriodicalId":15018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"270-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90923237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Videolaryngoscopy Assisted Intubation — New Era for Airway Management","authors":"Xue Fu-Shan, Liu Qian-jin, Liao Hui-xian, Liu Ya-Yang","doi":"10.24015/JAPM.2016.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24015/JAPM.2016.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of review: The aim of this article is to review the recent literatures regarding videolaryngoscopes, compare performance of videolaryngoscopy versus direct laryngoscopy, discuss the role of videolaryngoscopy in clinical airway management and provide the measures that can improve the performance of videolaryngoscopy and decrease complications associated with videolaryngoscopy. Methods: The literatures about the use of videolaryngoscopes in the clinical airway management, published in the past decades, were searched from the Pubmed and Cochrane databases and reviewed, in order to determine their performance, and identify their limitations and find appropriate alternate techniques to overcome their shortcomings and failures.Recent findings: Videolaryngoscopes are promising intubation devices, which are easy to use, and the skills involved are easy to obtain by either novices or experienced intubators. In the current practice, videolaryngoscopes are commonly used as main devices of predicted difficult airways and as rescue tools of difficult or failed direct laryngoscopy. For patients with difficult airways, videolaryngoscopy can provide an improved laryngeal visualization and achieve a higher intubation success rate compared with direct laryngoscopy. Moreover, videolaryngoscopy has the potential to increase patient safety by facilitating learning, teaching, and success of tracheal intubation. Despite the very good laryngeal visualization, the insertion and advancement of the tracheal tube with videolaryngoscopy may occasionally fail, and the airway injuries associated with videolaryngoscopy can occur.Summary: The introduction of videolaryngoscopy has resulted in a dramatic transformation of clinical airway management and is seen as the evolutionary step in intubation technology. There are several different types of videolaryngoscopes available. Each device's features may offer advantages or disadvantages, depending on the situation the anesthetist has to deal with. To get the best out of videolaryngoscopy, all anesthetists must be trained in the use of videolaryngoscopes and such devices should be available in all sites where tracheal intubation is performed.   Citation: Fu-Shan Xue, Qian-Jin Liu, Hui-Xian Li, Ya-Yang Liu. Videolaryngoscopy assisted intubation — new era for airway management. J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 258-69. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016.0035This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.","PeriodicalId":15018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"258-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77630959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laryngeal Mask Airway Supreme in Children: A Retrospective Audit","authors":"Tran Nobuyuki-Hai, N.Olomu Patrick, Bocanegra Ashley, Khan Asif, Cheyney John, Handy Alexandra, Szmuk Peter","doi":"10.24015/JAPM.2016.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24015/JAPM.2016.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Supreme (LMAS) is a sophisticated, second-generation supraglottic airway device, with an improved seal, and gastric access.  It is a capable device for use in more complex procedures and in younger children. No study has been able to analyze a large pediatric sample of patients to assess how the LMAS is being utilized. In this retrospective audit, we evaluated the use of the LMAS in routine clinical practice. In addition to this, utilization of LMAS performance test was evaluated.Methods: A retrospective audit was performed of a major tertiary children's hospital's electronic medical record database to identify all children in whom the LMAS was utilized for airway management over a two-year period. In addition to demographic data, we collected the following LMAS data: size of the LMAS, the number of insertion attempts, volume of air injected into the cuff, the cuff pressure, and the oropharyngeal leak pressure. We also recorded the performance of tests for proper position and function, the mode of lung ventilation, the use of muscle relaxants and use of any alternative airway devices.Results: The LMAS was used in 418 children accounting for only 4% of all LMA usage and only 0.6% of all usage for general anesthesia. The first-attempt placement success rate was 96.4% (382/396). Five of 418 (1.2%) insertions were reported as failures. Mechanical ventilation was used in only 26% of cases with a vast majority (74%) breathing spontaneously. Cuff pressure was measured in 74/418 (18%) of cases. Oropharyngeal leak pressures were measured in 90/418 (21.5%) cases. Maneuvers performed to verify correct placement and performance of the LMAS were rarely performed. Use of the LMAS for invasive procedures occurred in only 5 cases (1.2%).Conclusions: This study shows the LMAS to be highly successful in the hands of various cadres of anesthesia providers at a major tertiary hospital and performs reliably well. Our data reveals many areas of potential improvement for use of the LMAS in the pediatric population, as a device capable for usage in more invasive surgical procedures, younger patients, and mechanical ventilation.  Citation: Nobuyuki-Hai Tran, Patrick N. Olomu, Ashley Bocanegra, Asif Khan, John Cheyney, Alexandra Handy, et al. Laryngeal mask airway Supreme in children: a retrospective audit. J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 241-6. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016.0033This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.","PeriodicalId":15018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"241-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75454047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which Videolaryngoscope Should We Use in Airway Management","authors":"van Zundert André, Town Cienwen, Dagleish Lizanne, R. Heather","doi":"10.24015/JAPM.2016.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24015/JAPM.2016.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of review: This review elaborates on the role of different videolaryngoscopes in modern airway management and whether the outcomes of studies on patients and on manikins help anesthesiologists in determining which videolaryngoscope we should prefer.Methods: We reviewed the articles comparing the performance of different videolaryngoscopes published in the last decade.Recent findings: Airway problems that occur during the introduction of general anesthesia in the operating theatre, prehospital, emergency department and intensive care setting are commonly managed by skilled anesthesiologists. However, anticipated and unanticipated difficult airways do occur. Very seldom do these difficult airways result in a \"can't ventilate-can't intubate\" scenario, with potential death and brain damage as devastating outcomes. Standard Macintosh Laryngoscopy (SML) has its limitations, with Cormack-Lehane grade III-IV and percentage of glottic opening (POGO) scores of 0 being called difficult laryngoscopy. Percent of Intubation success with the direct classic Macintosh blade laryngoscopy (DML), without the use of adjuncts, is often limited to 90% (95% with adjuncts and extra manoeuvers). Videolaryngoscopy offers superiority over direct laryngoscopy as it allows an improved view of the larynx (Cormack-Lehane grade I-II; POGO 50-100%) and results in an almost 100% intubation success rate with decreased intubation time. In the rare event that an intubation attempt with a Macintosh blade videolaryngoscope (VLS) is not successful, acute angled blades can be used, or a combination technique offers an alternative. The market offers several videolaryngoscopes with alternative options (channelled, non-channelled, acute angled and Macintosh blades), each with their own indications. At this moment, there is no videolaryngoscope available which offers a solution for all problems. With our review we hope to determine the \"best\" scope, based on publications in the last decade.Summary: Videolaryngoscopes have improved airway management and reduced airway related morbidity and mortality by improving the glottic view (laryngoscopy) and first attempt intubation success. Videolaryngoscopy is useful in video-guided insertion of endotracheal tubes, supraglottic airway devices, temperature probes and nasogastric tubes. However, not all videolaryngoscopes are created equally as there are definite differences which anesthesiologists must be aware of in order to make the best choice for individual patients. This review concluded that the most favored videolaryngoscope was the Pentax-Airway Scope of the channelled videolaryngoscopes and the Karl Storz C-MAC of the non-channelled videolaryngoscopes. However, the C-MAC VLS is the most versatile and can be used for direct and indirect laryngoscopy. Citation: Andre van Zundert, Cienwen Town, Lizanne Dagleish, Heather Reynolds. Which videolaryngoscope should we use in airway management? J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 247-57. doi: 10.24015/J","PeriodicalId":15018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine","volume":"60 1","pages":"247-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78147984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GlideScope® Cobalt AVL Video Baton for Intubation in Infants Weighing Less Than 10 Kilograms","authors":"N.Olomu Patrick, Khan Asif, S. Jeffrey, Kiss Edgar, Ploski Roxana, Szmuk Peter","doi":"10.24015/JAPM.2016.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24015/JAPM.2016.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of videolaryngoscopes (VL) within pediatric anesthesia has become more prominent in younger and smaller neonates and infants. This prospective study utilizes the GlideScope® Cobalt AVL Video Baton (GSC) as a tool for orotracheal intubation in pediatric patients weighing less than 10 kg scheduled for surgery. We hypothesized that the GSC would yield a high success rate, along with intubation times less than 30 seconds and a majority of optimal glottic views, regardless of user experience.Methods: Two hundred pediatric subjects, less than 10 kg in weight, undergoing surgical procedures with general anesthesia underwent orotracheal intubation using the GSC. Time to best glottic view, time to intubation, total intubation time, Cormack and Lehane grade, and number of intubation attempts were documented.Results: Our results showed a 90% (180/200) first-attempt success rate and an overall success rate of 99% (198/200) with the GlideScope® Cobalt blade. The mean (±SE) time to best view (TTBV) and time to intubation (TTI) were 6.2±5.5 seconds and 14.0±14.3 seconds, respectively. The mean (±SE) total intubation time (TIT) was 19.5±16.3 seconds, with a Cormack and Lehane grade 1 view in almost 90% of patients.Conclusions: This study demonstrates a high first-attempt intubation success rate in pediatric patients weighing less than 10 kg with the GlideScope® Cobalt videolaryngoscope, regardless of user experience. In addition to this, intubation times of less than 30 seconds, improved glottic views, and a low incidence of complications were demonstrated with this device. Citation:  Patrick N. Olomu, Asif Khan, Jeffrey Steiner, Edgar Kiss, Roxana Ploski, Peter Szmuk. GlideScope® Cobalt AVL Video Baton for intubation in infants weighing less than 10 kilograms. J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 236-40. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016.0032This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.","PeriodicalId":15018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"236-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79941800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"West China Liu's Score for Individualized Red Cells Transfusion Strategy in Non-Cardiac Surgery: Study Protocol for a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial","authors":"L. Ren, Sun Hao-Rui, Liu Jin","doi":"10.24015/JAPM.2016.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24015/JAPM.2016.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Transfusion trigger and target for surgical patients with hemoglobin level between 6-10 grams per deciliter (gram per deciliter) is not implemented worldwide. The decision of whether red cells should be given to these patients is often made according to the experience of clinicians without specific clinical or laboratory evidence. Based on the physiology of the balance between oxygen supply and consumption, we developed the West China Liu's Score that will help clinicians to make individualized transfusion decisions for patients undergoing elective non-cardiac major surgery. The aim of this study is to determine whether the individualized red cells transfusion strategy, when compared with restrictive transfusion strategy (red cells transfusion trigger based on the judgment of physicians according to current transfusion guidelines) and liberal transfusion strategy (red cells transfusion trigger of 10 grams per deciliter), will decrease red cells transfusion requirement without increasing mortality or postoperative complications, or delaying incision healing, or increasing the cost of hospitalization.Methods and Design: This trial is a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial that will test the superiority of the individualized transfusion strategy to restrictive transfusion strategy and liberal transfusion strategy in terms of reducing red cells transfusion demands safely and effectively. A total of 4200 patients undergoing elective major surgery with estimated intra-operative blood loss more than 1000 ml or 20% of total blood volume and perioperative hemoglobin less than 10 grams per deciliter will be randomized into individualized-strategy group, restrictive-strategy group, and liberal-strategy group. The primary outcomes of the study are the incidences of red cells transfusion and combination of in-hospital death for any reason and serious complications.Discussion: The individualized transfusion strategy guided by application of West China Liu's score will provide a new insight on the perioperative transfusion practice and new clinical proof for the transfusion guidelines.Trial Registration: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01597232) on 14 May 2012. Citation: Ren Liao, Hao-Rui Sun, Jin Liu. West China Liu's Score for individualized red cells transfusion strategy in non-cardiac surgery: study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 225-32. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016.0030This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.","PeriodicalId":15018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81604453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Perioperative Acupoint Stimulation in the Prevention of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction","authors":"Y. Shuai, Yu Jian-bo","doi":"10.24015/JAPM.2016.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24015/JAPM.2016.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of review: In elderly population, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication following surgical procedures. In this article, we reviewed the research progress of POCD in the field of traditional Chinese and Western medicine and improved the understanding on the prevention of POCD by perioperative acupoint stimulation so that better perioperative management of patients with risk factors can be achieved.Method: We first described the concept of POCD, subsequently, reviewed the recent literatures on the effect and potential mechanisms of acupoint stimulation, especially some of the new transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) strategies that may be implemented to prevent POCD.Recent findings: Perioperative acupoint stimulation have been proven to be related to the improving of blood perfusion of brain and further strengthen the microcirculation and metabolism, and it can also exert anti-inflammation effects and change metabolism of glucose and oxygen in the brain, which can be seen as the evidence for acupoint stimulation to improve POCD under the limited researches yet.     Summary: Perioperative acupoint stimulation could exert prevention effects on POCD, but further studies are still needed to further elaborate on its potential mechanisms and transfer convincing experimental evidences into clinical therapies. Citation: Shuai Yuan, Jian-Bo Yu. The role of perioperative acupoint stimulation in the prevention of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 220-4. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016.0029 This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.","PeriodicalId":15018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine","volume":"392 1","pages":"220-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85002686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: The Perioperative Application and Cardiac Protective Potential of Ginsenoside Preparations","authors":"X. Rui, S. Lei, Zhongyuan Xia, Z. Xia","doi":"10.24015/JAPM.2016.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24015/JAPM.2016.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of review: This review aims to elaborate the effects of ginsenosides in the prevention of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in experimental and clinical studies and further investigate the potential mechanisms contributing to the efficacy of ginsenosides during MI/R procedure.Method: We searched and reviewed the articles and literatures about the applications of ginsenosides in MI/R processes published in the last two decades.Recent findings: A large number of pharmacological cardioprotection strategies, such as molecular targeted drugs, were proven efficacy for attenuating MI/R injury in experimental models, however, the efficacy of currently available pharmacological cardioprotection strategies in clinical settings is not convincing. Ginsenoside, the bioactive constituent in ginseng, has been shown to have multiple physiological and pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis effects that may serve to combat myocardial injury during MI/R. Different from most currently available drugs that usually target single signaling molecule, ginsenosides possess multiple properties that may prove to be superior in attenuating MI/R injury perioperatively where post-ischemic myocardial injury is severe in elderly patients with pre-existing cardiovascular abnormalities.Summary: This review discusses current works on the countless pharmacological functions and the potential benefits of ginsenosides in the prevention of MI/R injury. Further large-scale, multi-center clinical researches should be carried out to explore the pharmacological actions of ginsenosides and elucidate whether or not ginsenosides may function better with its multi-target property. Citation: Rui Xue, Shao-Qing Lei, Zhong-Yuan Xia, and Zheng-Yuan Xia. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: the perioperative application and cardiac protective potential of ginsenoside preparations. J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 200-8. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016.0027This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.","PeriodicalId":15018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine","volume":"38 1","pages":"200-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87033147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propofol Inhibits Breast Cancer Cells Proliferation and Migration by Down-Regulating TGFβ1/Smad2/MMP-9 Signal","authors":"Z. Lei, H. Xi, Chen Gong, Tong Jian-bin, Wu Yu-hui, Ouyang Wen","doi":"10.24015/JAPM.2016.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24015/JAPM.2016.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Previous studies have suggested that propofol plays key roles in cancer progression by suppressing the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the function and molecular mechanism of propofol on breast cancer cells remain unknown.Methods: The effects of propofol on the proliferation and migration capacity of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and wound healing assays, respectively. The mRNA and protein levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad2 and MMP-9 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. In addition, pcDNA3.1+TGF-β1 vector was transfected into MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells to assess the role of TGF-β1 in the effects of propofol on the biological behavior of the cells.Results: Propofol inhibited the proliferation and migration capacity of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1, Smad2 and MMP-9 were down-regulated in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with propofol. Moreover, exogenous over-expression of TGF-β1 in propofol-treated breast cancer cells indicated that propofol inhibited the cells growth and migration via TGFβ1/Smad2/MMP-9 signaling pathway.Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that propofol inhibited breast cancer cells proliferation and migration by down-regulating TGFβ1/Smad2/MMP-9 signal. Citation: Lei Zhou, Xi He, Gong Chen, Jian-Bin Tong, Yu-Hui Wu, and Wen Ouyang. Propofol inhibits breast cancer cells proliferation and migration by down-regulating TGFβ1/Smad2/MMP-9 Signal. J Anesth Perioper Med 2016; 3: 193-9. doi: 10.24015/JAPM.2016.0026This is an open-access article, published by Evidence Based Communications (EBC). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format for any lawful purpose. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.","PeriodicalId":15018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"193-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84481899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}