ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202501359
Zaheer Masood, Bin Wang
{"title":"Mechanistic Study of CO<sub>2</sub>-Ethylene Coupling to Form Acrylic Acid on N<sub>3</sub>M-MN<sub>3</sub> Dimer Anchored onto Defective Graphene.","authors":"Zaheer Masood, Bin Wang","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202501359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coupling CO<sub>2</sub> with ethylene to produce acrylic acid is valuable for manufacturing various industrial fine chemicals. Currently, this reaction is catalyzed by transition metal molecular complexes, which show low activity, limiting their industrial application. Therefore, the development of highly active heterogeneous catalysts for this reaction is desirable. Herein, metal dimers introduced into graphene are assessed as heterogeneous catalysts for the CO<sub>2</sub>-ethylene coupling reaction using density functional theory calculations. It is found that Pd, Rh, Ni, and Cu dimers facilitate the βH transfer steps, whereas Zn, Ru, and Os facilitate the CC coupling steps. The variation of the overall energetic barrier based on the energetic span model is rather narrow, as these two elementary steps are anticorrelated with each other. Furthermore, the stability of metallalactones is found to be a key descriptor for the activation energies of both the CC coupling and the βH transfer steps. Using Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population analysis, it is identified that the strength of the C<sub>β</sub>C<sub>γ</sub> bond in metallalactones can serve as an electronic-level descriptor for activation energies. It is anticipated that the insights gained from this study will guide the development of heterogeneous catalysts for the CO<sub>2</sub>-ethylene coupling for producing acrylic acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202501359"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202500602
S Shilpa, Fanshu Yuan, Zhengyuan Li, Preeti Dahiya, Astrid Campos Mata, Ram Manohar Yadav, Guanhui Gao, Sung-Fu Hung, Salman A Khan, Jingjie Wu, Muhammad M Rahman, Soumyabrata Roy
{"title":"Polymer Derived and Ni-Single Atom Doped Carbon Nanofibers for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture and Electroreduction to CO.","authors":"S Shilpa, Fanshu Yuan, Zhengyuan Li, Preeti Dahiya, Astrid Campos Mata, Ram Manohar Yadav, Guanhui Gao, Sung-Fu Hung, Salman A Khan, Jingjie Wu, Muhammad M Rahman, Soumyabrata Roy","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202500602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202500602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unique properties of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), such as high surface area, tunable porosity and heteroatom doping capability, make them archetypes for CO<sub>2</sub> capture and conversion applications. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with metal-nitrogen-carbon motifs have been transformative in electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (eCO<sub>2</sub>R), due to their high atomic utilization, undercoordinated active sites, and unique electronic structures. Herein, porous CNFs from three polymers, viz. Bacterial cellulose, Aramid, and Zylon, are optimally synthesized. The textural and porous architectures of the CNFs are exploited for ambient and high-pressure CO<sub>2</sub> capture, with Aramid-CNFs exhibiting the highest CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity of ≈4 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> at 1 Bar, 273 K. Subsequently, the N-doped CNFs of carbonized bacterial cellulose (N-CBC) are explored for hosting Ni single atoms to yield Ni-N-CNF SACs. Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis, microscopic studies and corroborative density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed the atomic dispersion of Ni sites on N-CBC matrix having Ni-N<sub>4</sub> coordination. Ni-N-CBC at a mere 0.1 wt% Ni loading exhibited competitive and durable eCO<sub>2</sub>R-to-CO performance with Faradaic efficiency (FE<sub>CO</sub>) of 94 ± 3% at -0.53 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a high turnover frequency (TOF) of 35.26 s<sup>-1</sup>. This work underscores the properties and potential of CNFs for sustainable CO<sub>2</sub> capture and conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202500602"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202501604
Gilles De Moor, Nicolas Charvin, Cristina Iojoiu, Emilie Planes
{"title":"Mechanistic Study of Water Transport in Anion-Exchange Membranes and its Influence on Ionic Conductivity and Fuel Cell Operation.","authors":"Gilles De Moor, Nicolas Charvin, Cristina Iojoiu, Emilie Planes","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202501604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding water transport in anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) is critical to improving their ionic conductivity and operational stability in fuel cell environments. This study investigates the mechanisms governing water uptake and hydroxide ion conduction in two commercial AEMs-FAA-3-50 and A17-featuring distinct polymer backbones and ionic functional groups. After conversion to the hydroxide (OH<sup>-</sup>) form, membranes are characterized using gravimetric water vapor sorption, infrared spectroscopy, thickness variation measurements, and conductivity testing under controlled humidity. Results reveal that the chemical nature and spatial accessibility of the ionic group play a central role in modulating hydration, OH<sup>-</sup> mobility, and membrane performance. The FAA-3-50 membrane, with a rigid diazabicycle (DABCO)-based group, exhibits limited water uptake and pronounced conductivity hysteresis. In contrast, the A17 membrane, incorporating a more flexible piperidinium group, demonstrates enhanced hydration, lower hysteresis, and better retention of ionic conductivity under varying humidity. The findings underscore the impact of water-ionomer interactions on membrane dimensional stability and conduction mechanisms. Ultimately, the study provides insights into designing advanced AEMs through tailored ionic functionalities and controlled water management, essential for high-performance and durable AEM fuel cells, particularly under low-humidity or dynamically fluctuating conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202501604"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202501605
Julio Romero-Ibañez, Karen A Guarneros-Cruz, Fernando Sartillo-Piscil, Bernardo Antonio Frontana-Uribe
{"title":"Electrochemical and Photoredox Catalysis for Constructing 5,5-Spirocycles via Reductive Activation of N-alkoxyphthalimides for the Total Synthesis of (-)-Cephalosporolide F.","authors":"Julio Romero-Ibañez, Karen A Guarneros-Cruz, Fernando Sartillo-Piscil, Bernardo Antonio Frontana-Uribe","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202501605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The electrosynthetic (ES) approach employing rapid alternating polarity electrolysis and blue LED photoredox catalysis (PRC) is revised and compared in the synthesis of [5,5]-spiroketals through a tandem reductive activation of N-alkoxyphthalimides to alkoxy radical, followed by hydrogen atom transfer, and spirocyclization sequence. The role of leaving group and redox conditions is explored in the electrochemical transformation, revealing that diphenylphosphate-derived substrates exhibit superior performance. Both methodologies enable the stereoselective synthesis of (-)-Cephalosporolide F from the chiral pool, with a slightly higher yield for the PRC involving an iridium catalyst. This study showcases the potential use of electrochemical and photochemical green redox methodologies for radical-mediated transformations and late-stage synthesis of natural products, avoiding toxic stannyl reagents and bypassing expensive metal-based catalysts. These findings support the development of more sustainable synthetic strategies for complex natural products while acknowledging the use of CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> and tetrabutylammonium salts in the ES procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202501605"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202501121
Evan Fox, Chen Wang, Mohd Avais, Krista Schoonover, Elizabeth Jergens, David Torres, Khirabdhi Mohanty, Jodie L Lutkenhaus, Emily B Pentzer
{"title":"Revealing the Effect of Pendant Identity on the Electrochemistry of Non-Conjugated Redox Active Polymers.","authors":"Evan Fox, Chen Wang, Mohd Avais, Krista Schoonover, Elizabeth Jergens, David Torres, Khirabdhi Mohanty, Jodie L Lutkenhaus, Emily B Pentzer","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202501121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding charge transfer in redox-active non-conjugated polymers is key to unlocking their potential as alternative materials for energy storage. Many factors contribute to charge transfer, such as flexibility of the backbone, redox moiety type, and distance between neighboring redox sites. In a previous work, a series of spatially defined 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-containing polymers was reported, with varied spacer lengths between the redox sites. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of spatially defined polymers is reported with the same spacing of three different redox pendants (phenothiazine, phthalimide, and dopamine) and the corresponding electrochemical properties. By doing so, the effect of solution-polymer interactions (in both the charged and neutral states) is revealed. The apparent diffusion coefficient (D<sub>app</sub>), the self-exchange rate constant (k<sub>ex</sub>), and the polymer-solvent interactions (χ and A<sub>2</sub>) of the phenothiazine, phthalimide, and TEMPO polymers are compared. The dopamine-based polymer exhibits limited solubility, preventing further characterization. D<sub>app</sub> and k<sub>ex</sub> correlate with χ, suggesting that solvent favorability enhances charge transfer in the solution state. These findings highlight the important role that polymer-solvent interactions play in the transfer of electrons, suggesting that a swollen polymer chain conformation promotes solution-state electron transfer and that solvent favorability promotes charge transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202501121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202501094
Felipe Mejia-Otalvaro, Brianna Marie Lax, Onur Kırtel, Ditte Hededam Welner
{"title":"Sustainable Natural Product Glycosylation: A Critical Evaluation of Biocatalytic and Chemical Approaches.","authors":"Felipe Mejia-Otalvaro, Brianna Marie Lax, Onur Kırtel, Ditte Hededam Welner","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202501094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The glycosylation of natural products can significantly enhance their physicochemical properties, with numerous synthetic and biocatalytic methodologies continuously being developed, each presenting unique advantages and challenges. Biocatalytic methods are often presumed to be more sustainable alternatives to chemical approaches; however, their environmental and economic viabilities require critical evaluation. This review summarizes the recent advancements in natural product glycosylation and provides a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment based on yield, titer, rate, environmental factor, and impact on endpoint categories using a life cycle impact assessment approach. Although biocatalytic methods are highlighted for their superior yields, they are frequently hindered by lower titers and reaction rates compared to their chemical counterparts. Surprisingly, chemical glycosylation exhibited lower environmental factors (E-factors), whereas biocatalytic approaches displayed lower impacts on endpoint categories, highlighting that E-factors fail to capture the environmental implications of a process. This review demonstrates the challenges associated with quantifying the environmental impacts of a process, especially given the lack of experimental detail reporting in the biocatalytic field. It exposes the misguided assumption that biocatalytic processes always exert lower environmental burdens and identifies key opportunities to enhance process efficiency and sustainability, providing guidance for selecting and developing a given natural product glycosylation reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e2501094"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heterogenization of Cobalt-Phosphotungstate with Triazolium-Polymer through Ion Pairing for Facile Nitrate Adsorption and Electroreduction to Ammonia.","authors":"Dikshita Garg, Praveen Kumar, Laxmikanta Mallick, Krishna Samanta, Biswarup Chakraborty","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202501665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cobalt-phosphotungstate [PW<sub>11</sub>O<sub>39</sub>Co(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sup>5-</sup> (Co-POM) is embedded in the microporous triazolium polymer (TOP) matrix to form composites that enhance the selectivity of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (eNO<sub>3</sub>RR). Surface and bulk analyses, including differential pulse voltammetry, corroborate the incorporation of Co-POM through anion metathesis into the protonated form of TOP. Real-time monitoring of the contact angle revealed a high surface energy of the composite 3 with ≈66 wt% Co-POM, implicating fast electrolyte adsorption. At -0.1 V versus. RHE, composite 3 exhibited eNO<sub>3</sub>RR activity with 98 ± 1% Faradaic efficiency of ammonia in Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 3.3). <sup>15</sup>N-labeling study confirms the source of ammonia as nitrate [NO<sub>3</sub>]<sup>-</sup>. The rotating disc electrode study reveals the involvement of two and six electrons, unveiling the formation of key intermediates such as nitrite [NO<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> and hydroxylamine (NH<sub>2</sub>OH). In situ infrared spectroscopy supported the formation of intermediates, including [NO<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> and (NH<sub>2</sub>OH), providing insight into the reaction mechanism. The kinetic isotope effect value from the D<sub>2</sub>O labeling study varies from 1.5 to 4.7, revealing the participation of the proton-coupled electron transfer process in the rate-limiting step. The ex situ Raman spectroscopy confirmed the adsorption of nitrate ions onto the catalyst's surface, validating the role of Co-POM in nitrate reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202501665"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145063012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gallium Phosphide-Zinc Sulfide Solid Solutions for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production.","authors":"Shengliang Qi, Guanghui Zhang, Ting Xu, Xiaofei Lei, Kaixin Zhu, Chenghua Sun, Bo Yang, Xu Zong","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202501449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid solution photocatalysts with well-tailored electronic structures are important candidates for high-performance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Although a few kinds of solid solution photocatalysts have been developed for photocatalytic HER, no phosphorous sulfide solid solutions have been used in this field. Herein, the preparation of a series of visible-light-responsive gallium phosphide-zinc sulfide (GaP-ZnS) solid solutions is presented capable of driving photocatalytic HER for the first time. It is found that the electronic structures of the GaP-ZnS solid solutions can be well regulated by tuning the compositions of the GaP and ZnS components. The optimum GaP-ZnS solid solution exhibits 4.3 times higher photocatalytic HER activity than GaP under visible light irradiation, which is ascribed to the contribution of the different elements that modulate the electronic structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202501449"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202501520
Muhammad Muddasar, Grace Joyce, Mathilde Pouzier, Aleksandra Serafin, Maurice N Collins
{"title":"Engineering Lignin-Based Tubular Hydrogel Scaffolds for Load-Bearing Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Muhammad Muddasar, Grace Joyce, Mathilde Pouzier, Aleksandra Serafin, Maurice N Collins","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202501520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of mechanically robust, biocompatible, and biodegradable hydrogels remains a significant challenge for biomedical applications involving load-bearing soft tissues. Herein, a tubular lignin-derived hydrogel is engineered to assess its physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Kraft and organosolv lignin are systematically compared at varying crosslinker concentrations to determine their effect on pore morphology, swelling behavior, and mechanical performance. Organosolv lignin formulations at 5% crosslinker concentration demonstrate an optimal balance between strength (ultimate tensile strength: 83.14 ± 0.16 kPa), flexibility (elongation: up to 176%), and hydration (swelling capacity: 261%), and are further fabricated into tubular geometries, with and without polypropylene mesh reinforcement. The reinforced tubular constructs exhibit superior mechanical strength, sustained performance over 100 fatigue cycles, and cytocompatibility with fibroblast cultures (cell viability: 85.5-86.5% after 96 h). These findings highlight the potential of lignin-based hydrogel scaffolds as sustainable, tunable platforms for a broad range of biomedical applications requiring soft, mechanically resilient, and tubular structures, such as tendon repair, vascular conduits, and nerve regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e202501520"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemSusChemPub Date : 2025-09-11DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202501118
Anne Kuchenbuch, Sara Al-Sbei, Luis F M Rosa, Santiago T Boto, Martin Westermann, Miriam A Rosenbaum, Falk Harnisch
{"title":"Reducing Oxygen Stress and Improving Hydrogen Availability Boosts Microbial Electrosynthesis by Clostridium ljungdahlii.","authors":"Anne Kuchenbuch, Sara Al-Sbei, Luis F M Rosa, Santiago T Boto, Martin Westermann, Miriam A Rosenbaum, Falk Harnisch","doi":"10.1002/cssc.202501118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202501118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) holds great promise for converting carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) into building blocks of the (bio)chemical industry. Its advancement is hindered by limited process control and an incomplete understanding of the oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) stress response of biocatalysts or key engineering parameters like the availability of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>). With Clostridium ljungdahlii as a model acetogen for strict anaerobic MES from CO<sub>2</sub>, the effect of O<sub>2</sub> stress and H<sub>2</sub> availability using 1-L electrobioreactors is showcased, providing high process control and relevance for follow-up engineering and scaling. Using a combinatorial approach of two cathode materials, three anode types, and various current regimes ranging from -5 to -80 mA, MES performance is boosted by overcoming O<sub>2</sub> stress and insufficient H<sub>2</sub> distribution at high current. It is demonstrated that a large-surface-area carbon fiber fabric cathode combined with O<sub>2</sub> evolution anodes flushed with nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) allows the highest reproducible acetate concentration of 12.44 ± 1.56 g L<sup>-1</sup> and maximum acetate production rate of 0.6 ± 0.1 g L<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> reported for MES from CO<sub>2</sub> using a pure culture. There is certainly room for improved process control at this and even larger scales, showing that the ceiling of strict anaerobic MES is far from being reached.</p>","PeriodicalId":149,"journal":{"name":"ChemSusChem","volume":" ","pages":"e2501118"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}