Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences最新文献

{"title":"MicroRNAs: Biomarkers or Therapeutic Targets?","authors":"Areti Moushi","doi":"10.31031/RMES.2019.08.000681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RMES.2019.08.000681","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, that control gene expression. They pair with s specific part on the untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs and silence their expression, either by inhibiting their translation or by degrading the sequence. Therefore, a dysregulation in the expression of miRNAs results to the dysregulation of their target genes which in several cases they may play in different diseases. In the past decades the investigation of these non-coding RNAs has been comprehensive and thorough. MiRNAs have been investigated for their possible role as biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. The expression of a biomarker should be different between patients and individuals without the specific disease and ideally, they should be specific, sensitive and be collected via non-invasive techniques. MiRNAs seem to have these characteristics, since they are differentially expressed in different tissues and they can be collected through body fluids, such as blood, urine or saliva samples thus making then ideal as biomarkers. In addition, they can withstand extreme condition and be stable for long periods of times thus making them ideal as biomarkers. Cardiovascular diseases were investigated in depth, identifying miRNAs which are differentially expressed in patients compared with individuals without the disease which could potentially be promising biomarkers or prognostic factors. According to Zhou and colleagues (2018), approximately 30 miRNAs have been identified to be associated with heart failure, a condition that damages the heart muscles, which is one of the major causes of death in the United States. Additionally, in Acute Myocardial Infraction and Arrhythmia the expression levels of one and four miRNAs respectively were identified to be significantly associated with these two conditions [1].","PeriodicalId":149815,"journal":{"name":"Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128972455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Droplet-Interfaced Separations as an Emerging Tool for High-Throughput Microchip Electrophoresis\"","authors":"Sammer-Ul Hassan, Xunli Zhang, X. Niu","doi":"10.31031/RMES.2019.08.000679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RMES.2019.08.000679","url":null,"abstract":"Electrophoresis is a powerful analytical technique to separate and analyse biological samples such as separation and detection of nucleic acid fragments (DNA, RNA) and cell proteins, immuno-separation of biomarkers and enzymes, etc. Traditional slab gel electrophoresis (SGE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) are among the most common forms of electrophoresis and have widely been used in biochemistry laboratories. However, the requirement of higher voltages (300V/cm) and longer capillaries (40cm) [1,2] makes the CE system challenging for portable POC devices. With the advancement of microfabrication technologies, electrophoresis has been miniaturised to achieve on-chip electrophoretic separations known as microchip electrophoresis (MCE). MCE offers many advantages over conventional electrophoresis techniques such as integration of different separation functions onto the chip, consumption of small amounts of sample and reagents, faster analyses and efficient separations, etc. [3]. The working principle of the MCE is based on the mobility of charged molecules due to the electrostatic force acting on them under the presence of an electric field [4]. The type of charge on the particles and electric field strength determines the electrophoretic movement of charged particles. MCE has the potential to be adapted for portable point-of-care and clinical diagnostics. A particular interest of research in this area is the sample injections in MCE systems. Reliable and reproducible sample injection into the separation channel is significantly crucial for resolving a mixture of biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and amino acids, etc. Sample injection in MCE involves containment of the sample on the same microchip as opposite to CE where the sample is injected separately. The majority of the MCE systems have used one of the two conventional sample injection methods, i.e. electro kinetic or hydrostatic injection. Hydrostatic sample injection technique controls the fluid flow in the small microchannels via pressure control and requires sophisticated microvalve systems due to which it has limited throughput [5].","PeriodicalId":149815,"journal":{"name":"Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125644003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Evaluation of Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of the Consciousness Energy Healing Treated Tellurium\"","authors":"Dahryn Trivedi, M. Trivedi, A. Branton, G. Nayak, S. Jana","doi":"10.31031/rmes.2019.08.000678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rmes.2019.08.000678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":149815,"journal":{"name":"Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133448137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Problematic Issues of Physical Chemistry","authors":"Korablev Ga","doi":"10.31031/rmes.2019.07.000676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rmes.2019.07.000676","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of research, not at once but nearly always, you come across the necessity to solve pending problems. Such problematic issues also exist in physical chemistry. Here are some examples. The analysis of kinetics of various physical and chemical processes shows that in some cases the direct addition of velocities, kinetic or energy characteristics is performed, in others-their reciprocals are added. In particular, such supposition is confirmed by the formula of electron transport possibility due to the overlapping of wave functions 1 and 2 (in steady state) during electron-conformation interactions:","PeriodicalId":149815,"journal":{"name":"Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127664146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABLE: A Standing Style Transfer System for Persons with Lower Limb Disability","authors":"Y. Mori, K. Maejima, Masato Yukishita, Z. Hussain","doi":"10.31031/rmes.2019.07.000675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rmes.2019.07.000675","url":null,"abstract":"Persons with disabilities of the lower limbs are becoming increasingly numerous worldwide. In Japan, the number of disabled persons in 2011 was estimated at about 3,922,000 [1]. Most of them use wheelchairs daily. Wheelchairs are used as “second legs” by numerous users. They are neither difficult to use nor expensive. Electric wheelchairs are widely used recently. They have excellent control features and running time. However, even with those benefits, wheelchairs do present several shortcomings. During movement and use at various locations and institutions, wheelchairs need a sufficient area for operation. Ascending stairs presents numerous obstacles. Actually, wheelchair users need a separate infrastructure. Moreover, conditions such as excretion failure, arthropathy, and hematogenous disorder of legs can result from prolonged sitting. All such physical difficulties must be resolved, in addition to mental stress deriving from the low eye position. One can surmise that a device that can move an ambulatory-disabled person stably in a standing posture can surmount most of these obstacles. Considerable advancement has been achieved in robotic and mechatronic technologies. Many researchers are developing applications in the rehabilitation field [2-15]. Some power-assisted devices of exoskeleton design have been developed [9-15], such as the HAL (Hybrid Assistive Limb) device [13]. This apparatus, which is designed for persons with leg muscle atrophy, can be coordinated using the surface potential of the leg. Unfortunately, people with disabled lower limbs find that using surface potential with the system not a simple matter. The automatic control mode provided with this device does not allow a user free operation. HAL is used lately mainly for medical purposes. It has been clinically tested and approved for CE marking in Europe [15]. WPAL (Wearable Power-Assist Locomotor) comprises powered lower limbs driven by an electric motor at each hip and knee and a cart with control switches [12]. The purpose of this robot is rehabilitation. ReWalk (Argo Medical Technologies Ltd.) has been commercialized to assist the independent walking patients with spinal cord injury. The ReWalk user maintains the body balance with crutches. All have been developed for use by patients for daily life activities in society.","PeriodicalId":149815,"journal":{"name":"Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129374954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dendrimers: Exploring the Molecule of the Millennium","authors":"S. Gautam, A. Gupta, Tapsya Gautam","doi":"10.31031/rmes.2019.07.000674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rmes.2019.07.000674","url":null,"abstract":"In early 1980 Donald A. Tomalia started and published the birth of new member of Nano family. Vogtle, Jean Fréchet, Newcome have initiated and dedicated their work for dendrimers and have contributed scientifically [1,2]. The journey has started from providing proof of concepts and the number of research publications, patents filed every year is justifications of its global presence. The science of miniature has gained attraction of both beginners and advanced scientists (Figure 1).","PeriodicalId":149815,"journal":{"name":"Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116032881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearable Device for Sitting Up Support of Parkinson Patients","authors":"Y. Mori, Shohei Kojima, Keisuke Yagi, Z. Hussain","doi":"10.31031/RMES.2019.07.000673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RMES.2019.07.000673","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson disease, a degenerative brain disorder, affects many people worldwide. In Japan in 2011, 116,536 patients had symptoms and brain dysfunction commonly associated with Parkinsonism [1]. Moreover, Parkinson disease is an increasingly common neurological disorder in an aging society. The most common characteristic clinical signs are tremor, muscular rigidity, postural instability, bradykinesia, and hypokinesia caused by a loss of brain dopaminergic neurons [2]. Disabilities of the neck and trunk prevent the upper body from moving freely. Consequently, a person with Parkinson disease has difficulty with turning motion on a bed. Various devices and robots have been developed for nursing care. Some electronic nursing beds have functions for adjustment of the backrest, footrest, and height. A person can rise from a supine position but sitting on the bed and putting the legs down on the floor is difficult to because a person has difficulty with turning motion. Therefore, leaving the bed independently is troublesome for Parkinson patients. Noritsugu developed a mat that can prevent bedsores [3]. A user’s body is supported by 24 independently controlled balloon-like","PeriodicalId":149815,"journal":{"name":"Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115952936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Socio-Demographic & Clinical Profile of Patients with Substance Use Disorders Seeking Treatment. A Hospital Based Study\"","authors":"N. Din, A. Khan, Ajaz Ahmad Suhaff, Z. Hussain, A. M. Ganai, S. A. Mir, H. Shah, S. Wani, Mohammad Abrar Guroo, B. A. Teli","doi":"10.31031/rmes.2019.07.000672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/rmes.2019.07.000672","url":null,"abstract":"Nizam Ud Din1*, Abdul Wahid Khan2, Ajaz Ahmad Suhaff3, Zeenat Hussain4, Abdul Majid Ganai5, Showkat Ahmad Mir5, Hamid Ulllah Shah6, Sajid Mohammad Wani6, Mohammad Abrar Guroo6 and Bilal Ahmad Teli7 1Lecturer department of Psychiatry, Bemina, India 2Professor & Head department of Psychiatry, Bemina, India 3Senior Resident department of Psychiatry, Bemina, India 4Medical officer Department of Health and medical education 5Associate Professor department of Psychiatry, Bemina, India 6Senior Resident department of Psychiatry, Bemina, India 7Clinical Psychologist department of Psychiatry, Bemina, India Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Research Article","PeriodicalId":149815,"journal":{"name":"Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132529771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dermatology Free from Ointments","authors":"M. Deguchi","doi":"10.31031/RMES.2019.07.000671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RMES.2019.07.000671","url":null,"abstract":"In the dermatological treatment onsite various kinds of ointments have been applied to the lesional skin of the patients as a matter of routine, for the provision of antibacterial or antiviral activity at the locale, the promotion of anti-inflammatory effect, moisturization, emollient use, scavenging the necrotic tissue and debris from the surface of the skin ulcers as well as immunomodulation of the host immune cells at the locale, and as such, these types of medication have been employed for eczematous dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus, prurigo, erythema multiforme, bullous diseases and even for lymphoma of the skin. On the other hand, however, it has become increasingly accepted that these means of treatments have not sufficed to bring relief from the refractory skin diseases. Such serious disorders include the inexorably progressive skin cancers and the intractable inflammatory dermatoses.","PeriodicalId":149815,"journal":{"name":"Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116376843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Schizophrenia and it’s Protection against Lung Cancer: A Genetic Explanation\"","authors":"A. Soloway, Andrew Spaedy, R. Solhkhah, S. Doumas, T. Rais","doi":"10.31031/RMES.2019.07.000669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/RMES.2019.07.000669","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a chronic mental health disorder that results in a profound burdon on the both the individual affected and the greater society [12]. Affected persons with the condition have a decreased life span by approximately 20-25 years [13]. Cancer is the second leading cause of death both globally and in the developed world. Among the various types, lung cancer ranks first in mortality [14]. It is no secret that exposure to cigarette smoke is one of the leading risk factors for the development of the condition. In fact, smoking cigarettes has been associated with a 15-30-fold increase of the subsequent development of lung cancer [15]. Patients with schizophrenia have a well-documented history of significantly higher than average rates of smoking cigarettes. At first glance, a patient population with tobacco smoking rates twice that of the general population would think to be correlated with higher than average rates of pulmonary neoplasia. Interestingly, despite their increased exposure, patients with schizophrenia have been found to have a lower overall rate of lung cancer than that of the general population [1-3]. The connection between lung cancer and schizophrenia is one that is straightforward. Like most neoplastic processes, a combination of both environmental and genetic factors likely plays a role in the ultimate development of the condition. Multiple reasonable environmental protective factors have been identified [16]. However, the question of which-if any-genetic element that links the two conditions remains to be answered. The goal of this review was to attempt to gain clarity on this topic.","PeriodicalId":149815,"journal":{"name":"Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122924661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}