Journal of agricultural science & technology A最新文献

{"title":"Non-starch Polysaccharide Degrading Enzymes in Corn and Wheat-Based Broiler Diets: Dual Activity for Major Substrates","authors":"K. D. Keyser, N. Dierick, Leni Kuterna, Olivier Maigret, S. Kaczmarek, A. Rutkowski, E. Vanderbeke","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"This study consolidates the efficacy of a non-starch polysaccharide (NSP)ase enzyme-concept in corn and wheat-based broiler diets. The NSP building blocks of corn, wheat and soybean meal (SBM, 44% protein) were studied first. Cereal NSP primarily consists of arabinose, xylose and glucose molecules that form arabinoxylan, β-glucan and cellulose polysaccharides. In soybean meal (SBM), glucose (cellulose) predominates, next to galactose and uronic acids that form “pectins”. Broiler performance progress using in-feed NSPase enzymes depends on the concentration, complexity and solubility of the substrate and the genetic potential of the animal, mainly. A dual NSPase enzyme-concept for cereal and SBM NSP, predominantly being arabinoxylan, β-glucan and cellulose, was developed. Methods for measuring enzyme activities (endo-1,4-β-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) and endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6)) were developed (AVEVE Biochem UNITS) and preparations thereof (XG) standardized to meet requirements for most challenging NSP (corn, barely soluble). Feed intake (FI), bodyweight gain (BWG) and feed:gain ratio (F:G) were assessed in three zootechnical studies, each using 160 Ross 308 broilers split in two feeding groups with 80 birds/group (10 replicates of eight) for 42 d (starter/grower period). Respective corn-SBM, wheat-SBM and corn/wheat-SBM diets were used as negative control (NC) or added with the enzyme-concept (XG). In the total period, XG ameliorated BWG and F:G compared to NC in each study, where BWG increased best in diets with corn and F:G lowered most in diets with wheat. The dual NSPase enzyme-concept offers ingredient flexibility in present setting by enhancing the nutritional content of corn, wheat and SBM, expectedly from cleaving major NSP target molecules. Thereby, broiler professionals increase feed formulation liberty and safety and production result simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78459806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Mastitis Related Measures & Their Applications to Classify Buffalo Milk in Chitwan, Nepal","authors":"I. P. Dhakal, H. Nagahata","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"A study was performed to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of buffalo mastitis in the District Chitwan, Nepal for characterizing the California mastitis test (CMT), somatic cell count (SCC), electrical conductivity (EC) values and bacteriological analysis for defining buffalo milk. The CMT was performed by mixing equal volume of milk and 3% sodium lauryl sulphate. The SCC was determined by staining milk film with New Man’s Lampert Stain and EC values were measured by manual digital mastitis detector and expressed as mS/cm. Bacteriological analysis was done on the basis of Gram’s stain, morphological findings, colony characteristics and biochemical tests. The maximum number (16%) of clinical cases of mastitis was observed in the month of July and lowest in the month of April (1.6%). When the temperature and humidity increased, it indicates that there is need for better care of lactating buffaloes during this month. On a quarter basis, 16% of the foremilk samples in buffaloes were diagnosed as having subclinical mastitis and 11% were diagnosed as having clinical mastitis. The results of CMT scores and SCC showed the evidence that subclinical and clinical mastitic milk was having CMT positive scores (+1~+3) with ≥ 200 × 10 cells/mL. The mean pH of clinically normal buffalo milk was 6.75 (range 6.39 to 7.08) and subclinical mastitic and clinical mastitic milk was 6.85 (range 6.37 to 7.10) and 6.88 (range 6.41 to 7.20), respectively. Analysis of EC value in the milk revealed the presence of mastitis in buffaloes and the cut-off values was 3.7 mS/cm. The coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS), such as S. albus and S. epidermidis were the predominant organisms associated with subclinical mastitis, and CNS and coliforms in clinical mastitis. This information suggests that environmental mastitis was prevalent in buffaloes of Chitwan District. In this study, 9.5% of the quarters were having bacterial count (BC) more than 250 cfu/mL. The proposed criteria for normal milk are absence of clinical signs, CMT negative, SCC < 200 × 10 cells/mL, EC < 3.7 mS/cm and < 250 cfu/mL bacteria. The parameters for defining subclinically mastitic milk are absence of clinical signs, CMT positive, SCC ≥ 200 × 10 cells/mL, EC > 3.7 mS/cm and > 250 cfu/mL bacteria. Similarly, clinical mastitic milk was defined as milk having presence of clinical signs, CMT positive, SCC ≥ 200 × 10 cells /mL, EC > 3.7 mS/cm and BC > 250 cfu/mL.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88961456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Climate Change Variability Impacts on Wheat and Barley Production in Palestine","authors":"Imadeddin Albaba","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at addressing climate variability impacts on wheat and barley production in Palestine. A combination of literature survey and multiple semi-structured interviews with officials from the Palestinian governmental agriculture related agencies and active non-governmental organizations (NGOs) used for gathering information on wheat and barley production in Palestine. The gathered data along with information and subsequent results prevailed that the West Bank since the 1970s has experienced a significant decrease in winter rainfall. Across 15 sites, growing season rainfall (September to May) decreased by an average of 11% and the sum of rainfall in September and October decreased by 45%. Despite the large decline in rainfall, yields based on the actual weather data did not fall. These results were due to the rainfall changes mainly occurring in September and October, a period when rainfall often is less than crop demand. The study arrived at conclusion based on the study results that climate change variabilities have differential impacts on the yield growth of wheat and barley. However, both rainfed dependent crops are adversely affected by the current climate trends. The yields of barley and wheat are decreasing due to increased temperature and decreased precipitation.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86675276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Localization of UK Experience in Environmental Education in Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen, China","authors":"Shan Li, Qing Wang, Tao Wang","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"In China, the environmental education (EE) is a brief new but popular topic in recent several years as a method to cope with the gap between nature and children. EE was started in UK with a long-term development and the useful experience can be utilized for the Chinese EE development. As a case study, the experiences of UK organizations were summarized and applied in the EE system in Fairy Lake Botanical Garden in Shenzhen (SZBG), China. The localization of UK’s experience in the EE development in SZBG in terms of EE program, course content and resource was summarized in this paper. There are also discussions for the future update of EE in SZBG and for other local organizations like botanical gardens, wetland parks, nature reserve etc.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74858462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase) Inhibitor Herbicides Resistance in Sterile Wild Oat (Avena sterilis L.) Using Agar Quick Test","authors":"Abdullatief Mohammed Abdurruhman, S. Uygur, F. Uygur","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) herbicides resistance (R) in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana province, Turkey. Seeds were collected from one large suspected field, where clodinafop-propargyl (Aryloxyphenoxypropionate “FOPs”) and pinoxaden (Phenylpyrazoline “DEN”) have been applied for many years. Susceptible (S) population was collected from the road side on the same region. Agar media of concentration 14 g/L was prepared and it was melted in microwave. Then the amount of 20 mL agar media was added into each Petri dish. Five seeds were placed on agar mediums containing discriminating dose of clodinafop and pinoxaden. Petri dishes were placed in growth incubator operating at 10 °C. After 15 d, both radicle and hypocotyl length were measured. The percentage of germinated seed and dose-response curves were determined. At these different concentration levels, there were more than 50% of R and less than 40% of S seed germinated for pinoxaden. However, for clodinafop, more than 60% of R and less than 50% of S seeds were germinated. At higher concentration levels, the populations of resistant and susceptible were not germinated for both herbicides. The resistance value of R population was then compared with that of the S biotype. From the resistance index (RI), the population was more resistant to pinoxaden (7.43 for radicle and 2.47 for hypocotyl) than the clodinafop-propagyl (1.39 for radicle and 3.77 for hypocotyl). The method provided a simple, quick and cost effective way to identify ACCase herbicides resistance in most grass weeds.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91496589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Effects of Water-Soluble Propolis (Greit 120) and Human Interferon Alfa (HuIFN-αN3) against Influenza Viruses in Vitro","authors":"Filipič Bratko, Gradišnik Lidija, Pereyra Adriana, Kopinč Rok, Rihar Klemen, Ružić-Sabljić Eva, K. Snežana, Đermić Damir, Šooš Eugen, Volpi Nicola, F. Alfredo, H. Mazija","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza virus affects the respiratory tract in humans causing a range of distinct manifestations including fever, nasal secretions, cough, headaches, muscle pain and pneumonia, which could become violent and severe. It was found that influenza A viruses remain resistant to amantadine and rimantadin with high level of oseltamvir resistance. Therefore, there is a need for constant improvement of drugs active against resistant influenza viruses. Propolis has anti-influenza activity both in vitro and in vivo. Human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN-αN3) is a multi- subtype protein that displays an antiviral activity against influenza virus. In this study we elucidated the anti-influenza activity of the mixes of water-soluble propolis (WSP) (Greit 120) and HuIFN-αN3 at different ratios. Greit 120 polyphenols, total phenol acids and bioflavonoid were characterized by HPLC-UV-ESI- MS504971 and HuIFN-αN3 by reverse-phase high- performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Influenza A and B viruses were separately added to the LLC-MK2 cells treated with WSP (Greit 120) and HuIFN-αN3 alone or in proportions 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. Plates were incubated and cytopathic effect was determined. The best results (ID50) were obtained with the mix of 10% WSP and HuIFN-αN3 in proportion 1:2, showing ID50 at 12 ± 0.2 μg/mL and 19 ± 0.6 μg/mL for influenza A and B viruses, respectively. When comparing anti- influenza activity of WSP (Greit 120)/HuIFN-αN3 with that of ribavirin, it was found that 1:2 was the optimal ratio for WSP (Greit 120)/HuIFN-αN3 (0.5 and 0.6 for influenza A and B, respectively). This new formulation of WSP (Greit 120) and HuIFN-αN3, showing better anti-Influenza activity, will definitely improve its application in flu infections.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73669618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Fruit Fly Trapping System in Mango Orchards in Northern Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"M. Y. Minhibo, O. R. N'Dépo, N. Hala, H. Koua, Yalamoussa Tuo, A. N’goran, A. Coulibaly, S. Doumbia, J. A. Djaha, C. Kouakou, A. N. Adopo, H. A. Nda, H. Djidji","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Mango is the third largest export fruit in Côte d’Ivoire. However, its yield is limited by the damage caused by fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). This study aimed at assessing the trapping system for fruit fly detection and monitoring in mango orchards in Northern Côte d’Ivoire. Four sites were selected in Northern Côte d’Ivoire in mango production area and in timber yard areas. Five trapping systems were tested: two food attractants (torula yeast, CeraTrap) and three sex attractants (methyl eugenol, trimedlure, cue-lure). Plastic bottles were used for food attractants and commercial traps for sex attractants. Five traps per treatment with three repetitions per site were set up. Ten species of flies have been identified: Bactrocera dorsalis, B. cucurbitae, Ceratitis anonae, C. bremii, C. capitata, C. cosyra, C. punctata, Dacus ciliatus, D. punctatifrons and Dacus spp.. Among these species, B. dorsalis was dominant. It was captured by 94.04% and 90.94%, respectively, in mango orchards and forest areas included wild fruits. The average number of individuals captured varied from one species to another, depending on the attractants. This average was estimated to 379.91, 27.58, 25.55, 15.1 and 11.93, respectively, for méthyl eugénol, torula yeast, CeraTrap, cue-lure, trimedlure. The attractants have shown their specificity in capturing fly species. Methyl eugenol had the highest capture and was the most effective.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89709171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Parapheromones on the Capture of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Burundi","authors":"L. Ndayizeye, B. Nzigidahera, C. D. Theron","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2017.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2017.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to make an inventory of fruit fly species in Burundi, by use of parapheromones. The trapping by parapheromones is a method used to capture fruit fly species. Four types of parapheromones were used, namely, methyl eugenol, cuelure, terpinyl acetate and trimedlure. In total, 70,115 individuals were captured, of which, 68,728 individuals (or 98.02%) were fruit flies, while 1,387 individuals (1.98%) were non-fruit flies. The majority of Tephritidae has been captured by methyl eugenol with 62,538 individuals (90.97%), followed by cuelure with 3,621 individuals (5.27%). Terpinyl acetate and trimedlure have captured 1,900 and 669 individuals, respectively. The effectiveness of parapheromones has varied from one locality to another. In fact, methyl eugenol showed efficiency in the city of Bujumbura, Rumonge, Kigwena and Cibitoke located at an altitude between 780 m and 887 m; cuelure in Bubanza and Kayanza at an altitude between 1,101 m and 2,219 m; trimedlure and terpinyl acetate at Mwaro at an altitude of 1,640 m. From the point of view of abundance of species caught, Bactrocera dorsalis dominates with 62,349 individuals (90.72%), and it is in the Bujumbura city that this species has been captured in abundance.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85914861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Coated Compound and Mono-component Proteases on Growth Performance and Nutritional Efficiency in Broiler Diets","authors":"S. Chandrasekar, P. Das, Y. Bashir, M. Karthigan, S. Saravanan","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2017.06.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2017.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"Protease as feed additive is being used in poultry production as a partial replacement for protein sources for cost efficiency and reducing nitrogen excretion. However, diverse proteases may yield different responses under field conditions. A pellet diet study was conducted in Cobb broilers to assess the impact of coated compound (CC) and mono-component (MC) proteases with 5% replacement of digestible amino acids and 0.9% crude protein. Birds fed positive control diet had a better growth than those fed negative control diet, regardless of enzyme supplementation. However, CC protease had shown feed conversion ratio (FCR) like control in a reformulated diet, whereas negative control and MC protease missed to gain the feed conversion. In measures of nutritional efficiency, like energy efficiency, protein efficiency and amino acids efficiency (lysine and methionine), the CC protease proved to be better than MC protease. In terms of European efficiency factor (EEF), control and CC protease elicited a closer response, whereas the other two groups showed a drop. In this study, CC protease allowed partial substitution of digestible amino acids and crude protein, while maintaining feed efficiency and animal performance. It could be concluded that incorporating CC proteases is an efficient choice to maximize the utilization feed material resources and efficiency in animal protein production.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87962826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Most Probable Producing Ability of Bali Cows for Calving Interval and Calf Growth Performance","authors":"A. Supriyantono, T. Widayati, I. Sumpe","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2017.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2017.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"Most probable producing ability (MPPA) is the one factor used to compare the performance potential of dam based on the data of their progeny. The purpose of the research was to study the genetic ability of weaning weight, yearling weight and calving interval of Bali cows. The weaning weight data of 296 cows derived from 99 dams, yearling weight data of 245 cows derived from 86 dams and calving interval data of 194 cows from 63 dams were used to estimate repeatability and MPPA of Bali cows in a herd for the three traits. Repeatability of three traits was estimated by analysis of intra-class correlation, and these in turn were used for calculating the estimated MPPA of cows. The results showed that the means of weaning weight of males and females were 95.56 ± 17.25 kg and 87.57 ± 18.45 kg, respectively; means of yearling weight were 143.39 ± 25.78 kg and 136.90 ± 22.01 kg, respectively; and mean calving interval was 391.62 ± 22.59 d. The estimated repeatability of weaning weight, yearling weight and calving interval were 0.006 ± 0.059, 0.022 ± 0.068 and 0.115 ± 0.078, respectively. The best 10 dams in the herd based on the estimates of MPPA for weaning weight, yearling weight and calving interval were not the same for the three traits.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87739350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}