Journal of agricultural science & technology A最新文献

{"title":"Cellular Forms in Cultivation in Suspension of Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Variety Surprise","authors":"Christian Marely Rodriguez-Salazar, José Roman-Reynosa, S. V. Ávila-Reyes, Franklin Loring-Younce, A. Jiménez–Aparicio, S. Evangelista-Lozano","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to describe the predominant cell forms in the phases of growth kinetics in a suspension culture of the Bougainvillea glabra Choisy variety Surprise. Treatments in suspension with Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal culture medium were supplemented with six different concentrations and combinations of vegetable growth regulator (VGR) of type auxin (2,4-D and NAA) and cytokinin (BAP) (0.2-5.3 mg/L) and a control. Friable callus was obtained from leaf explants ex vitro to in vitro culture in solid MS medium using Phytagel as gelling agent to 2.2 g/L. A portion of callus (1.0 g) was used as cellular inoculum and grown under controlled conditions (50 mL, 120 rpm, 25 °C and luminous intensity of 48 μmol m/s). The best treatment with significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were with a hormonal relation of 2:1 of BAP and NAA, respectively, with a fresh weight yield ranging from 1.7905 g to 5.8340 g, which represents around 70%. An adaptation phase was observed from day 0 to day 14 on the curve of fresh weight; an exponential phase at day 14 to day 19 and a declination phase at day 21. Cellular forms in the adaptation phase were elongated cells, a few globular and a few with kidney shape. In the exponential phase, these cells formed small aggregates of globular cells. In the death phase, brown, elongated, damaged and fragmented cells were found. Whit this data obtained it is possible to establish the subculture time in fresh medium.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87716444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biotransformation of Ternary Mixture of Organic Industrial Waste into Poultry Feed","authors":"Lakhal Dounia, Bahlaouan Bouchaib, Boutaleb Nadia, F. Asmaa, Taiek Taha, Abouakil Nezha, Lazar Said, Elkoun Said","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78032842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which Endpoints Can Be Reliably Assessed in Semi-field Pollinator Species Testing without Estimating False Positive or False Negative? MDD’s and Replicates Issue","authors":"M. Candolfi, H. Bargen, Sigrun Bocksch, O. Klein, M. Kleinhenz, S. Knaebe, B. Szczesniak","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical power, number of replicates and experiment complexity of semi-field and field studies on Apis and non-Apis bee species has become a major issue after publication of the draft European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Guidance on risk assessment of plant protection products (PPP) on bees (Apis mellifera, Bombus spp. and solitary bees). According to this guidance document, field studies have to be designed to be able to detect significance differences as low as 7% for certain endpoints such as reduction in colony size. This will require an immense number of replicates which is obviously not feasible. In the present study, key endpoints such as mortality, termination rate and number of brood cells in honeybee studies, cocoon production and flight activity in solitary bee studies and number of gynes in bumble bee studies (just to mention some of the endpoints considered) in semi-field studies were analyzed, with Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris and Osmia bicornis during the past five years (2013-2017). The results indicate huge differences in the percentage minimal detectable differences (%MDDs) (MDD expressed as median of control value of the endpoint in percent) depending on endpoint and species tested. For honeybee semi-field studies, the lowest %MDDs recorded were between 10% and 15% for the endpoints foraging, number of brood cells and colony strength. The highest %MDDs were observed for the endpoint termination rate, with a %MDD of almost 50%. For the endpoints in bumble bee semi-field studies the %MDDs varied between 17% for bumble bee colony weight and 53% for average mortality during the exposure period in the tunnel. The %MDD for the number of gynes (young queens) was slightly below 25%. For the semi-field solitary bee test system, the %MDDs for the measured endpoints seem to be lower than those for the other two species tested. The %MDDs for the endpoints hatching of offspring, nest occupation and number of cocoons were 8%, 13% and 14%, respectively. Most of the %MDDs were between 10% and 30% indicating clearly that the currently performed experimental design for the semi-field pollinator studies allowed to determine relatively small effects on key study endpoints. The analysis indicated that for all the three bee species tested, the semi-field test design detected low %MDDs for most of the endpoints. It was also observed that detectable differences between the control and PPP treatments were much lower in semi-field test designs than in field studies with these bee species. The “perfect sample size” really does not exist but test design and statistical analysis can be adapted to lower the %MDDs. Measured and simulated (according to Student’s t-test-distribution) data and results showed that statistical evaluations parameter selection (e.g., alpha value), data transformation (log10) and the number of replicates had a direct effect on the ability of the test design to detect lower or higher %MDD values. It could show that a change ","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87158586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Profile of Wollemia nobilis Half-Matured Female Cones and Their Potential Ethnopharmacological and Nutraceutical Activities","authors":"C. Frezza, A. Venditti, C. Scandurra, A. Ciccola, I. Serafini, F. Sciubba, S. Foddai, M. Franceschin, A. Bianco, M. Serafini","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the half-matured female cones of the rare species, Wollemia nobilis, were studied for their phytochemical profile for the first time. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified by means of column chromatography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry (MS). In particular, these compounds were acetyl-isocupressic acid (1), methyl-(E)-communate (2), sandaracopimaric acid (3), wollemol (4), 7''-O-methyl-agathisflavone (5), 7,4'''-di-O-methyl-agathisflavone (6), shikimic acid (7), quinic acid (8), glucose (9), sucrose (10), raffinose (11), D-lactic acid (12), succinic acid (13) and alanine (14). The chemotaxonomic implications of their presence were discussed and a preliminary phytochemical comparison between these cones and the male ones was also performed. This evidenced several similarities but also some differences that were widely treated about. Moreover, a preliminary nutraceutical evaluation of these cones, based on phytochemistry, was carried out. Actually, this showed a good nutraceutical potentiality of the half-matured cones but also some potential critical state mainly due to the occurrence of acetyl-isocupressic acid (1), which is quite known to have some adverse pharmacological effects. For this reason, more in-depth nutraceutical studies would be necessary to exactly determine the ethnopharmacological and nutraceutical value of these cones.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80854204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation Soils with Date Palm Mulching Treatments","authors":"Modi Ahmed, A. Al-Dousari","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Kuwait is located in hyper arid desert environment. This geographical location and irrational human activities accelerate the expansion of land degradation problem. In order to rehabilitate the degraded areas it is necessary to use soil and water resources in sustainable manner. Owing to these reasons it is essential to use appropriate methods based on the scientific diagnostics of the problem. It is compulsory to identify, specify and test different efficient, cost-effective and environment friendly sound sustainable sand control measures such as, semi-circular bunds, square micro catchment and checker board palm leaves to rehabilitate degraded lands in Liyah refilled quarries. To evaluate the impact of rehabilitation method through mulching with date palm leaves soil samples were collected (control and rehabilitation sites with square micro catchment) prior to the implementation plan and post completion of the project (three years). In this study will be highlighted on detail the results of using square micro catchment and with short brief descriptions on other water harvesting techniques. The results showed an improvement of physical soil properties after the application of these techniques. Soil fertility increased through increasing the quantity of fine and very fine sand. The soil moisture at the surface soil increased from 0.085% to 1.62% after the treatment. The untreated soil has high bulk density about 2 g/cm and low porosity about 27%. However, after the soil was ploughed and mulched the bulk density decreased to 0.03 g/cm. And porosity improved 98%. This study conserved the irrigation water through reducing the proportion of soil evaporation, in addition to the creation of optimum condition for plant growth. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of using organic mulch date palm leaves with water harvesting techniques on the physical and biological properties of degraded soil in Liyah area.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80296414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach for Production of Colchicine as a Plant Secondary Metabolite by in Vitro Plant Cell and Tissue Cultures","authors":"S. Kefi","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"The secondary metabolites synthesized by plants are economically important chemical compounds in the agricultural and industrial areas such as food, perfumery and pharmaceutical sectors. In recent years, attempts for their production by in vitro plant cell and tissue cultures have been accelerated considerably. Colchicine, the principle secondary metabolite of Colchicum autumnale L. and Gloriosa superba L., is an important alkaloid that has poison effect used for treatment of various diseases and plant breeding studies. Presently, colchicine has been produced by using the seeds of C. autumnale L. and the tubers of G. superba L. through different chemical extraction methods. Applying in vitro plant cell and tissue cultures together with metabolic and genetic engineering techniques, large-scale production of colchicine can be achieved from the above two plant species.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87868724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Autonomous Electric Powered Tractor—Simulation of All Operations on a Swedish Dairy Farm","authors":"J. Engström, O. Lagnelöv","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77594464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation of the Losses of Series-Hybrid Powertrains","authors":"R. Schmetz","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding mobile machinery, particularly agricultural tractors, there is an ongoing competition for the most suitable technology to achieve optimum functionality with maximum efficiency. In this competition, the efficiency of electric series-hybrid powertrains (ESHPs) is often depicted as worse than the efficiency of mechanical-hydraulic power-split powertrains (MHPSPs). On closer inspection of these statements, however, systematic errors, such as unequal balance limits, neglected size effects and nonlinearities, non-observance of recent technical developments and standards, or erroneous application of research results regarding MHPSPs on ESHPs are often evident. For verification (and under avoidance of the systematic errors mentioned above), the losses of an ESHP of 150 kW power are for example calculated and compared with the losses of a typical MHPSP of the same power. The comparison of the losses shows that the ESHP clearly exceeds the efficiency of the comparative MHPSP in the main working range and that there is still potential for improvement.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81147097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Management of Obstructive Urolithiasis in Small Ruminants by Tube Cystostomy in Chittagong, Bangladesh","authors":"B. Sutradhar, T. Dey, S. Yadav, Mohammad Bayazid Bostami","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to evaluate minimally invasive tube cystostomy technique in goats and calves suffering from obstructive urolithiasis having intact and ruptured urinary bladder. This clinical study was carried out on 84 clinical cases (61 goats and 23 calves) based on the history, clinical signs and physical examination along with common laboratory techniques at the Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University during January 2015-December 2016. Physical parameters like heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and dehydration status of animals were noted and corrected abnormality before surgery. Some cases had slightly higher haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and uric acid and epithelial casts in urine. The study revealed that abnormal calcium-phosphorus ratio was predisposing the animals to urolithiasis. It was found that young ruminants (3-5 months) were most commonly affected in both species. All affected animals were male in this study, in which calves were not castrated but in goats 95.08% animals were castrated. Rupture of bladder was more common in calves as compared to goats. Postoperatively all cases were administered with broad-spectrum antibiotic, anti-inflammatory agent and caliculolytic agents like ammonium chloride. Tube cystostomy with Foley’s catheter was the most satisfactory technique for the management of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants. Postoperative complications were recorded only in four animals and remaining 80 animals had a normal recovery from tube cystostomy. Tube cystostomy is a simple, inexpensive and very effective procedure for the treatment of urolithiasis in ruminants.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84672499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Seed-Borne Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Rice Crop in South-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"Christian Chukwunenye, Iwuagwu, C. Ikechukwu, Umechuruba, Charles Chimezie, Ononuju, A. C. Nwogbaga","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2018.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the incidence of seed-borne fungi on rice seeds sourced from the major rice growing areas of South-Eastern Nigeria. The rice seeds were collected during the dry seasons between 2009 and 2010. Four hundred rice seeds randomly collected and surface sterilized by washing in 3% sodium hypochlorite and rinsed two times with sterile distilled water were placed in three circular rings inside the Petri dishes. The incubation was done one after the other for each variety from all the locations. Ten fungi species from eight genera were isolated from the rice seeds in all the rice growing areas of South-Eastern Nigeria. The fungi pathogens vary from one locality to another, as well as the frequency of occurrence. The pathogens isolated include: Fusarium moniliforme, F. solani, F. oxysporium, Aspergillus spp., Botridiploidia spp., Helminthosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoconis padwickii, Curvularia oryzae and Phoma oryzae. Though, there was the presence of some seed-borne fungi in the rice seeds from the areas studied, most of the cultivars experienced up to 90% germination. But some cultivars had very low germination. IR 1416 from Arochukwu and GB90 from Arondiuzogu had less than 1% germination. This study shows that seed-borne organisms are major constraint in rice production in the South-Eastern states of Nigeria as a result of low seed germination stemmed from infestation of fungi organisms in the seeds.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76968345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}