{"title":"Mediation of Muslim Gender Norms","authors":"Nanna Ellen Amer","doi":"10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137361","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I examine how religious Muslim actors representing a religious institution and reli-gious Muslim actors who are independent of such institutions mediate Muslim gender norms in online platforms in Denmark, and what modes of argumentation the actors use in their articulation of gender roles and family structures. I find that most of the actors subscribe to traditional gender norms and family structures with the main argument being the natural stature of traditional gender roles. I discuss the fluidity of the religious and secular mediation of the actors, and how the argu-mentation used by the actors challenges secular perceptions of notions such as gender equality and emancipation.","PeriodicalId":149753,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Islamforskning","volume":"322 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124557944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forhandlinger med Omkostninger","authors":"Sissel Kveinå Tonstad","doi":"10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137362","url":null,"abstract":"De siste årene har stadig flere muslimske kvinner fått en tydeligere rolle i den norske offentligheten. Forskning bekrefter at muslimer, og særlig muslimske kvinner, blir presentert i media på en måte de ikke kjenner seg igjen i (Roald 2005; Bangstad 2013; 2014; 2022). Mediedebatter som omhandler islam, og særlig hijabdebattene i 2004 og 2009, har vært sentrert rundt likestilling, kollektivt press versus individuell frihet, synliggjøring versus usynliggjøring. Studier imøtegår stereotype narrativ om at muslimske kvinner er undertrykte og har behov for å reddes (Roald 2005; van Es 2017). Denne artikkelen undersøker hvordan disse kvinnene forhandler identitet i til dels motstridende dikotomier. Ved hjelp av perspektiver fra minneteori bidrar studien med innsikt i hvordan forestillinger om hvem kvinnen er forhandles gjennom komplekse seleksjons- og ekskluderingsprosesser i møte med familien, det religiøse miljøet og arbeidsplassen eller organisasjonen hun representerer. Artikkelen argumenterer for at profilerte kvinner med muslimsk bakgrunn henter støtte for sine valg i ulike individuelle og kollektive forestillinger, som igjen vil ekskludere eller inkludere henne i ulike sosiale grupper. Kvinnene, som er første- eller andregenerasjons innvandrere, fremstår med en hybrid, men stabil identitet. De går i stor grad opp egne stier i den sekulære offentligheten. En kan derfor beskrive kvinnene som rollemodeller i en offentlighet med få muslimske forbilder.","PeriodicalId":149753,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Islamforskning","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116196949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unveiling Hatred","authors":"Natalie Gunthel","doi":"10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137338","url":null,"abstract":"Although anti-Muslim hate crimes have been on the rise in most Western nations for decades, according to influential hate crime scholar, Barbara Perry, little attention has been given to the particular vulnerability of veiled Muslim females to such crimes (Perry 2013), thereby potentially disregarding a sustained source of human rights violations (Perry and Olsson 2009). This paper delves into Danish sociolegal reality to delineate the scope of such concern, attempting to ascertain any specific hate crime vulnerability among veiled Muslim women in Denmark. It identifies a number of preliminary empirical indications that resonate with Perry’s claim, reasoning that the hate crime vulnerability of veiled women be more thoroughly scrutinized in a Danish context. However, it also argues that such hate crime vulnerability is most productively addressed, at least prima facie, as a tangible and principal human rights issue (Brudholm 2016) rather than in the terms of human rights violations.","PeriodicalId":149753,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Islamforskning","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132294515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Muslimske Kvinners Forhold til Islamske Kilder og Autoritet i Trondheim","authors":"Elisabeta Eriksen","doi":"10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137284","url":null,"abstract":"Denne artikkelen ser nærmere på hvordan muslimske kvinner i Trondheim forholder seg til ulike former for islamske kilder og autoritet i sine søk etter kunnskap om islam. Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i en studiegruppe for muslimske kvinner i Trondheim, og undersøker hvilke kilder og autoriteter kvinnene velger å søke kunnskap fra, hvordan de anvender disse kildene og autoritetene, og hvorfor. Artikkelen tar også for seg formålet og aktivitetene til studiegruppa, samt fremveksten og utviklingen av den. På denne måten tilbyr artikkelen et lokalt og empirisk perspektiv på hvordan og hvorfor muslimske kvinner forholder seg til ulike former for kilder og autoriteter i sin søken etter kunnskap om islam. Videre beskriver den hvordan kvinnene i studiegruppa gjennom å forholde seg aktivt til ulike former for islamsk autoritet, kan operere uavhengig og skape seg en form for uavhengighet fra den lokale moskeen flertallet av kvinnene har institusjonelle bånd til.","PeriodicalId":149753,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Islamforskning","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131685539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Called to Being Religious Muslims","authors":"M. Sener","doi":"10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137277","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the process of religification through which assumed religious affiliation, rather than other identifications, becomes the main category of identity that Norwegian society uses to identify Turkish women living in Norway. Depending on semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 41 first-generation Turkish women migrants living in Drammen and Oslo, the paper first demonstrates the variety in religious belief, identification, and adherence to religious practices among them. Secondly, it shows how their daily encounters in Norwegian society are largely shaped by the fact that Turkish womenv are primarily assumed to be religious Muslims. Many of these women feel uncomfortable being exposed to questions about religion yet, ironically, in a sense, they feel that they are being called to be more religious Muslims in the context of Norway. When they seem to diverge from the stereotype, they are told that they are not like Turks/other Turks. However, although all these women seem to differ from the stereotype, rather than leading to changes in the stereotype, they are considered exceptions.","PeriodicalId":149753,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Islamforskning","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116934840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arabiske Medier","authors":"Ehab Galal","doi":"10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137278","url":null,"abstract":"I slutningen af 1970’erne, da jeg bosatte mig i Danmark, var det ikke muligt gennem de danske eller andre medier dagligt at følge med i de arabiske landes udvikling. De eneste muligheder var et meget dårligt radiosignal, videoer eller kassettebånd af dårlig kvalitet, der kunne lejes fra en arabisk forretning på Israels Plads i centrum af København, eller at købe en tre dage gammel egyptisk avis: al-Ahram. For at købe avisen var jeg nødt til at tage hele vejen til Københavns Hovedbanegård og betale et relativt højt beløb for den. Med min økonomiske formåen var det begrænset, hvor mange gange om måneden jeg havde råd til det.","PeriodicalId":149753,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Islamforskning","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133872506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mand, Muslim og Minoritet","authors":"Fatima Al-Shamasnah, Jinan Hammoude","doi":"10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137280","url":null,"abstract":"Forskningen i mediediskurser i Danmark viser, at etniske minoritetsmænd med muslimsk baggrund fremstilles ud fra negative kønsstereotyper som uciviliserede, voldelige og aggressive. På baggrund af denne forskning analyserer denne artikel, hvordan etniske minoritetsmænd med muslimsk baggrund oplever, at deres maskulinitet bliver positioneret i Danmark. Endvidere undersøges og analyseres, hvilke strategier etniske minoritetsmænd med muslimsk baggrund anvender for at håndtere den oplevede positionering. Undersøgelsen er baseret på 15 interviews med etniske minoritetsmænd med muslimsk baggrund, som alle enten er født eller opvokset i Danmark. Artiklens resultater viser, at samtlige interviewede mænd oplever, at de positioneres ud fra negative stereotyper på baggrund af deres maskulinitet i krydsfeltet mellem religion, etnicitet og alder. Yderligere oplever de på baggrund af oplevede positioneringer, at deres maskulinitet er marginaliseret i det danske samfund. Analysen viser også, at mændene anvender specifikke strategier til at håndtere de oplevede positioneringer. Artiklens teoretiske ramme udgøres af teorier om maskulinitet, intersektionalitet, othering, agency og social identitet.","PeriodicalId":149753,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Islamforskning","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127911066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Islam, Kjønn, og Fritaksproblematikk i Skolen","authors":"Christian Lomsdalen","doi":"10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v17i1.137275","url":null,"abstract":"Spørsmålet om muslimske kvinner og jenters deltakelse i skolens svømmeundervisning og i svømming i offentlige svømmehaller er en debatt som foregår parallelt i flere land og med mange ulike perspektiver og argumenter knyttet til migrasjon, integrering og nasjonale verdier. Debatten handler om det som skjer både i og utenfor skolene. I denne artikkelen vil jeg se på det som skjer i skolene knyttet til kjønnsdelt svømmeundervisning. Jeg presenterer et utvalg caser som er egnet til å belyse de ulike perspektivene som fritaks- og tilpasningsønsker skaper i skolen. Utvalget er gjort blant de sakene om svømmeundervisning og fritak på religiøst grunnlag som har kommet inn til de norske statsforvalterembetene i tidsrommet 2005 til 2018. Disse sakene vil sees i lys av menneskerettslige og pedagogiske perspektiver. Jeg argumenterer for at et rent menneskerettslig perspektiv på disse sakene er vanskelig i en mangfoldig skolehverdag med mange motstridende interesser, rettigheter og verdier, og jeg viser til behovet for mer forskning om tematikken i de skandinaviske landene.","PeriodicalId":149753,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Islamforskning","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131901433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of religion in health promotion","authors":"Mikele Schultz-Knudsen, J. Janbek","doi":"10.7146/tifo.v16i2.135398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v16i2.135398","url":null,"abstract":"The starting point of this article is a debate that took place in Denmark in 2021, when the Danish Health Authority together with Islamic organizations produced a pamphlet on Covid-19 vaccination which contained answers to religious questions Muslims might have about the vaccine. The pamphlet was broadly condemned by Danish politicians. This article shows that this was far from the first time that the Danish health authorities have used or referred to specific interpretations of Islam. In this article, we investigate both how the Danish health authorities have used or considered Islam and the questions this raises regarding how to consider religion in relation to health. The article highlights the many different ways that health authorities might interact with Islam, including partnerships with imams and Islamic organizations, referencing religious rulings in information material, providing advice to Muslims on how to handle religious practices such as Ramadan in a healthy way, and adjusting health regulations to allow Muslims to practice their religion. Based on these examples, the article presents insights regarding the dynamics of which health authorities have to be aware when attempting to interact with religion, and the key considerations to have in mind when religion and health interact in society.","PeriodicalId":149753,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Islamforskning","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121028570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regulations in flux","authors":"Olav Elgvin","doi":"10.7146/tifo.v16i2.135055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/tifo.v16i2.135055","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 When it comes to sharia regulations – or the question of Islamic norms more broadly – there are few areas which are of more direct relevance for the daily life of Muslims than the question of what to eat. For meat to be halal, several Islamic theologians have claimed that animals must be conscious at the time of slaughter. This method of slaughter, however, is not allowed under the laws of Norway, which require animals to be stunned before they can be killed. This creates a dilemma for Muslims who wish to live in accordance with Islamic norms. Is it permissible to eat meat which is not slaughtered according to strict interpretations of Islamic law? Various answers have been given, both in Norway and elsewhere. This article describes for the first time the history of the halal debate among Muslims in Norway. I show that the content of halal regulations in the country has been influenced by theology but also by politics, in various bids for influence and status. The approach of the Islamic Council of Norway, the principal organization dictating halal regulations, has shifted no less than four times: from acceptance of stunning, to skepticism, to acceptance, to skepticism, and finally to renewed acceptance. Theological concerns among Muslims have played a role in this process, but social context and politics have been just as important. The debate over the regulation of halal slaughter may provide a window onto broader debates on how Muslim communities adapt Islamic norms to life in societies in which the ethical norms of non-Muslim majorities are often dominant.","PeriodicalId":149753,"journal":{"name":"Tidsskrift for Islamforskning","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115398577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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