Journal of Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Issue Cover (March 2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/joa.14245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14245","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover image: see F. Szabó et al., ‘Chronic silencing of subsets of cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons has a long-term influence on the laminar distribution of parvalbumin interneurons and the perineuronal nets.’ By knocking out <i>Snap25</i>, they abolished regulated synaptic vesicle release from different subsets of deep-layer cortical pyramidal neurons, i.e., Rbp4-Cre+ (layer 5) or Drd1a-Cre+ (layer 6b, <i>magenta</i>) neurons, respectively. They examined the local and global effects on the development, density, and laminar distribution of GABAergic interneurons (parvalbumin, <i>cyan</i>) and the perineuronal nets (detected with <i>Vicia villosa</i> agglutinin, <i>yellow</i>).</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 4","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lungfish-like antero-labial tooth addition and amphibian-like enameloid-enamel transition in the coronoid of a Devonian stem actinopterygian.","authors":"Donglei Chen","doi":"10.1111/joa.14240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New teeth are predominantly initiated lingually or postero-lingually to the old teeth in vertebrates. Osteichthyan dentitions typically consist of linear rows of shedding teeth, but internal to the marginal jawbones osteichthyans primitively have an extra dental arcade, in which teeth are sometimes spread out into a field and not organized in rows. The tooth plates of lungfish are specialized from the jawbones of the inner dental arcade, but the teeth are arranged in radial tooth rows with new teeth added at the anterior and labial end of the rows and without shedding the old teeth, distinct from other osteichthyan dentitions. Actinopterygian teeth can be recognized by a cap of enameloid, while sarcopterygian teeth are only coated by enamel. An enameloid cap is also borne by the unicuspid larval teeth in some amphibians, but it is covered by enamel and eventually disappears in the bicuspid adult teeth. In early osteichthyans, old teeth are often not completely resorbed and shed, and the overlapping relationship of their remnants buried in the bone records the sequence of developmental events. Using synchrotron microtomography, this ontogenetic record of a coronoid tooth field of a Devonian stem actinopterygian is visualized in 3D. As a component of the inner dental arcade, the coronoid displays initial radial non-shedding tooth rows followed by radial shedding tooth rows that are later transformed into linear shedding tooth rows. The teeth are always added antero-labially and replaced labially to keep pace with the labial bone apposition and lingual bone remodeling, which causes the shift of the tooth competent zone. These provide a clue to the evolution of the radial non-shedding dentition with antero-labial tooth addition in lungfish. The tooth patterning process suggests that the superficial disorder of the tooth field is an epiphenomenon of the ever-changing local developing environment of each tooth bud: due to the retention of old tooth bases, a tooth position that has been replaced in place can at some point drift to a site between the adjacent tooth positions, splitting or merging, and then continue being replaced in situ. Primary teeth are capped by enameloid, but replacement teeth bear enamel crests without an enameloid cap. This demonstrates that the transition from enameloid capping to enamel coating through tooth replacement can happen in actinopterygians too, as one of the mechanisms for a dentition to change tooth shape. All these unexpected observations indicate that, during ontogeny, the states of dental characters, such as lingual/labial tooth initiation, linear/radial tooth rows, in situ/cross-position tooth replacement and enameloid/enamel, can be switched and the capacity to produce these characters can be suspended or reactivated; the tremendous dental diversity can thus be attributed to the manipulation in time and space of relatively few dental developmental processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"[Growth patterns of facial muscles at the angle of the mouth: A histological study using midterm and near-term human fetuses]\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/joa.14248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced imaging of porcine thoracic aorta vasa vasorum with contrast micro-computed tomography.","authors":"Bichen Zhao, Hanane Belhoul-Fakir, Zhonghua Sun, Michael Lawrence-Brown, Juliana Hamzah, Shirley Jansen","doi":"10.1111/joa.14238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vasa vasorum (VV) have gathered considerable interest over the last decade due to its role in vascular wall biology and pathology; however, while the coronary VV are relatively well studied, the anatomy of peripheral VV, such as those of the aorta, remains poorly described, hampering knowledge of their role in peripheral vascular diseases. Through careful retrieval of the porcine thoracic aorta and successful microthrombi removal, the thoracic aorta was perfused with BriteVu™ followed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning to image the VV and obtain a 3D reconstruction. We used commercially available software and its thresholding algorithms. The arterial segments were further dehydrated and stained in an iodine solution to delineate the tunica adventitia and tunica media on imaging. A meticulous technique of harvest, clearing and perfusion of the porcine aorta was developed. BriteVu™ perfusion enabled clear visualization of the VV structure, branching pattern and distribution with a voxel size of 9 μm. Additional iodine staining differentiated VV residing in the tunica media versus the tunica adventitia of the vessel. The technique we have developed allows detailed knowledge of peripheral VV anatomy and distribution to be obtained where previous information was scarce. Detailed anatomical study of the VV and its relation to branches will further our understanding of its relationship to vascular disease processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locomotor signals in the trabecular structure of the hominoid clavicle.","authors":"Hannah N Farrell, Rena Schwartz, Zewdi J Tsegai, Zeresenay Alemseged","doi":"10.1111/joa.14243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the functional significance of morphological variation is crucial for investigating locomotor adaptations in fossil primates and early hominins. However, the nuanced form-function relationship in the upper limbs of extant apes is difficult to discern due to their varied locomotor behaviors, complicating the interpretation of similar features in fossil hominins. Trabecular bone, which responds to mechanical strain, reflects the intensity and direction of forces during movement, making it valuable for identifying locomotor adaptations in hominoids. This study examines trabecular bone in the clavicle-a crucial component of shoulder biomechanics-to explore its relationship to mechanical loading patterns and bone functional adaptations in primate locomotion. Using a whole-bone approach, we analyzed trabecular structure in the clavicle of apes: Gorilla spp. (G. beringei: N = 28; G. gorilla: N = 29), Homo sapiens (N = 19), Hylobates spp. (H. lar: N = 28; H. concolor: N = 3), Pongo spp. (P. abelii: N = 13; P. pygmaeus: N = 24), and Pan troglodytes (N = 35), quantifying relative bone volume fraction (rBV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and trabecular number (Tb.N) from high-resolution micro-CT scans. Aspects of the clavicular trabecular architecture among ape taxa appear to correspond to differences in locomotor behavior. In most taxa, rBV/TV is highest in regions underlying muscle attachment sites frequently used during upper limb activities, with differences among taxa predominantly reflecting variations in upper limb use and muscle attachment sites. Regions of high rBV/TV beneath entheses and articular surfaces result from different trabecular parameters-higher rBV/TV is achieved primarily via greater Tb.Th under entheses, while in subarticular regions, it is driven by higher Tb.N. However, no consistent differences in sternoclavicular subarticular trabecular bone emerge between Homo and the other apes, despite differences in shoulder positioning on the torso. Muscle activity appears to significantly influence trabecular bone structure in the clavicle of living apes, with implications for reconstructing early hominin locomotor behaviors and upper limb use.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in morphometric parameters of the sacrum (os sacrum) in farmed and feral American mink-An effect of domestication?","authors":"Anna Mucha, Magdalena Zatoń-Dobrowolska, Magdalena Moska, Dariusz Bukaciński, Monika Bukacińska, Arkadiusz Buczyński","doi":"10.1111/joa.14235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sacrum, which is the only element of the spine formed by the fusion of vertebrae, exhibits considerable variability among taxa in terms of the number of vertebrae, their shape, and size. Along with the lumbar vertebrae, it contributes to the variation in the number of vertebrae of the spine within a species. The literature suggests that the shape and size of the sacrum are influenced by both the animal's lifestyle and sex. The aim of this study was to compare the morphometric parameters of the sacrum in farmed and feral American mink in Poland. Analysis of dissected sacra revealed the presence of bones composed of two and three vertebrae in both populations, with statistically significant differences observed in most analyzed measurements. Examination of seven measurements for each bone showed statistically significant differences between farm and feral mink in all measurements, except for the width of the last vertebra measured at the transverse processes (BT). Significant differences were also found between the sexes and populations, with feral females exhibiting the lowest values and farmed males showing the highest values in the analyzed measurements. Additionally, females from both populations displayed lower variability in sacrum measurements compared to males. Correlation analysis revealed statistically significant high positive correlations between all analyzed sacrum parameters, ranging from 0.53 to 0.88. The observed differences in sacrum structure between farmed and feral American mink are likely attributed to the domestication process. Varied living conditions such as space limitation, lack of access to water, nutrition, and controlled breeding can significantly impact the biology of animals. Further research is needed, including continued analysis in the field of geometric morphometry, to precisely identify differences and explore their relationship with factors such as movement and lifestyle.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thickness measurements and micro-CT imaging of human temporo-mandibular discs.","authors":"Mathilde Savignat, Xavier Demondion, Thomas Colard","doi":"10.1111/joa.14237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) links the mandibular condyle to the skull, with an interposed fibrocartilaginous articular disc. The TMJ disc has a nonuniform thickness that matches the topographic relation between the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle. The disc is a stress-distributing and load-absorbing structure that is capable of deforming and adapting its shape to that of the articular bone surfaces. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphology of human discs through thickness measurements. Forty-four temporomandibular joint discs were dissected bilaterally from 22 formalin-fixed human postmortem subjects. The thickness of each disc was manually measured at nine points distributed in a grid formed by three zones in the anteroposterior direction (anterior band, intermediate band and posterior band) and the three zones in the mediolateral direction (medial zone, middle zone and lateral zone) of the disc. Microtomographic imaging analysis was performed on four samples. The thickness of the postero-middle and the postero-medial points was significantly higher than all the other measured points. A significant difference was found between the thickness of the intermediate and the posterior bands and between the anterior and the posterior bands. A significant difference was also found between the thickness of the middle and the lateral zones (p < 0.01) and between the lateral and the medial zones (p < 0.01). Disc perforations were observed in 8 of the discs and were mostly (87.5%) located in the lateral area. Micro-CT imaging offered a new possibility to map thickness variations of the disc and showed very similar results to those taken with the calipers. The presented data contribute to increasing the knowledge of this specific joint and of the complex 3D relations between all its parts. They also open the door to pioneering studies that could lead to clinically applicable techniques in the future and enhance the diagnosis of disc perforations associated with osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Illuminating the dark mess of fibers: Application of circular cross polarized light in unravelling the bone tissue structure of the dermal pectoral girdle of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/joa.14239","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kalita, S., Teschner, E.M. &amp; Konietzko-Meier, D. (2025) Illuminating the dark mess of fibers: Application of circular cross polarized light in unravelling the bone tissue structure of the dermal pectoral girdle of <i>Metoposaurus krasiejowensis</i>. Journal of Anatomy 00:1–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14197</p><p>The following corrections in the paper should be noted.</p><p>In the references,</p><p>Boyde, A., Felder, A., &amp; Mills, D. (2019). New approach to increase information content in polarised light microscopy of skeletal and dental tissues.</p><p>should actually be as follows</p><p>Boyde, A., Felder, A., &amp; Mills, D. (2019). New approach to increase information content in polarised light microscopy of skeletal and dental tissues. Proceedings of Microscience Microscopy Congress, Manchester, England, United Kingdom. https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/67119</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 4","pages":"649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skull morphology in native and non-native cattle breeds in Türkiye.","authors":"Ozan Gündemir, Nicoleta Manuta, Barış Can Güzel, Caner Bakıcı, Sokol Duro, Burak Ünal, Buket Çakar, Tomasz Szara","doi":"10.1111/joa.14234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to investigate morphological differences in the skulls of cattle breeds with different functional roles and geographical origins and to examine skull shape variations among breeds using geometric morphometrics methods. To this end, 95 skulls from Native (Eastern Anatolian Red and Southern Anatolian Red) and Non-native (Holstein and Simmental) breeds raised in Türkiye were analyzed. The results show a significant size difference between Native Breeds and Non-native Breeds, with the Non-native Breeds having larger skulls. The results also indicate considerable shape differences between Native and Non-native Breeds. No significant shape differences were observed between the two Native Breeds, which have shared the same geography for many years. Although no statistically substantial size difference was found between Simmental and Holstein, the nuchal region showed distinct shape differences. The nuchal part of the Simmental skull was more pronounced than other specimens. In native breeds, there was a more balanced proportion between the facial and neurocranial regions compared to the other two breeds. In Holstein skulls, the facial region was more pronounced in comparison to the neurocranial region, while in Simmental skulls, the neurocranial region was more prominent. This study provides valuable insights into the morphological characteristics of different cattle breeds, contributing to veterinary anatomy, biology, and paleontology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin development in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)-From skin respiration to thermoregulation.","authors":"Kirsten Ferner","doi":"10.1111/joa.14236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marsupials are born at an early stage of development, and compared to eutherians, skin development is slow, and a functional change during skin ontogenesis occurs. The skin development in 36 gray short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica) has been examined using histological, morphometric, and μCT methods during postnatal development from neonate to adult. The aim of the study is to follow the structural and functional transition of the skin in this immature marsupial species. Additionally, the postnatal development of the external appearance and the cardiac and respiratory systems is looked at to assess skin development in relation to the general development. The skin of the newborn gray short-tailed opossum is thin and undifferentiated (no hair follicles, no sebaceous and sweat glands). Numerous subepidermal capillaries allow for gaseous exchange via the skin. A dense cutaneous capillary net with a high capillary volume density (0.25 ± 0.04) is present at term, indicating significant cutaneous gas exchange in the neonate. The capillary volume density decreases markedly during the first postnatal week (0.08 ± 0.01). In the same time period, the skin diffusion barrier increases from 27 ± 4 to 87 ± 1 μm. From this age on, the skin development is characterized by thickening of the different cutaneous layers and beginning formation of hair follicles. First, hair covering the skin, sweat glands, and subcutaneous fat are observed by day 28, indicating the onset of thermoregulation. The total skin thickness in the gray short-tailed opossum increases from 58 μm at birth to 726 μm by day 35, when the pelage is fully developed. The cardiac and respiratory systems are immature at birth. A fenestrated interatrial septum is present for the first 4 days, allowing skin respiration. Between day 4 and day 7, the lung enters the saccular stage of lung development and is mature enough to meet the respiratory needs of the growing organism. During a long period of postnatal development, the structural differentiation of the skin results in a functional shift from transcutaneous gas exchange to thermoregulation in later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}