Journal of Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"Thickness measurements and micro-CT imaging of human temporo-mandibular discs.","authors":"Mathilde Savignat, Xavier Demondion, Thomas Colard","doi":"10.1111/joa.14237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) links the mandibular condyle to the skull, with an interposed fibrocartilaginous articular disc. The TMJ disc has a nonuniform thickness that matches the topographic relation between the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle. The disc is a stress-distributing and load-absorbing structure that is capable of deforming and adapting its shape to that of the articular bone surfaces. The aim of this study was to analyze the morphology of human discs through thickness measurements. Forty-four temporomandibular joint discs were dissected bilaterally from 22 formalin-fixed human postmortem subjects. The thickness of each disc was manually measured at nine points distributed in a grid formed by three zones in the anteroposterior direction (anterior band, intermediate band and posterior band) and the three zones in the mediolateral direction (medial zone, middle zone and lateral zone) of the disc. Microtomographic imaging analysis was performed on four samples. The thickness of the postero-middle and the postero-medial points was significantly higher than all the other measured points. A significant difference was found between the thickness of the intermediate and the posterior bands and between the anterior and the posterior bands. A significant difference was also found between the thickness of the middle and the lateral zones (p < 0.01) and between the lateral and the medial zones (p < 0.01). Disc perforations were observed in 8 of the discs and were mostly (87.5%) located in the lateral area. Micro-CT imaging offered a new possibility to map thickness variations of the disc and showed very similar results to those taken with the calipers. The presented data contribute to increasing the knowledge of this specific joint and of the complex 3D relations between all its parts. They also open the door to pioneering studies that could lead to clinically applicable techniques in the future and enhance the diagnosis of disc perforations associated with osteoarthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Illuminating the dark mess of fibers: Application of circular cross polarized light in unravelling the bone tissue structure of the dermal pectoral girdle of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/joa.14239","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kalita, S., Teschner, E.M. &amp; Konietzko-Meier, D. (2025) Illuminating the dark mess of fibers: Application of circular cross polarized light in unravelling the bone tissue structure of the dermal pectoral girdle of <i>Metoposaurus krasiejowensis</i>. Journal of Anatomy 00:1–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14197</p><p>The following corrections in the paper should be noted.</p><p>In the references,</p><p>Boyde, A., Felder, A., &amp; Mills, D. (2019). New approach to increase information content in polarised light microscopy of skeletal and dental tissues.</p><p>should actually be as follows</p><p>Boyde, A., Felder, A., &amp; Mills, D. (2019). New approach to increase information content in polarised light microscopy of skeletal and dental tissues. Proceedings of Microscience Microscopy Congress, Manchester, England, United Kingdom. https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/67119</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 4","pages":"649"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skull morphology in native and non-native cattle breeds in Türkiye.","authors":"Ozan Gündemir, Nicoleta Manuta, Barış Can Güzel, Caner Bakıcı, Sokol Duro, Burak Ünal, Buket Çakar, Tomasz Szara","doi":"10.1111/joa.14234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to investigate morphological differences in the skulls of cattle breeds with different functional roles and geographical origins and to examine skull shape variations among breeds using geometric morphometrics methods. To this end, 95 skulls from Native (Eastern Anatolian Red and Southern Anatolian Red) and Non-native (Holstein and Simmental) breeds raised in Türkiye were analyzed. The results show a significant size difference between Native Breeds and Non-native Breeds, with the Non-native Breeds having larger skulls. The results also indicate considerable shape differences between Native and Non-native Breeds. No significant shape differences were observed between the two Native Breeds, which have shared the same geography for many years. Although no statistically substantial size difference was found between Simmental and Holstein, the nuchal region showed distinct shape differences. The nuchal part of the Simmental skull was more pronounced than other specimens. In native breeds, there was a more balanced proportion between the facial and neurocranial regions compared to the other two breeds. In Holstein skulls, the facial region was more pronounced in comparison to the neurocranial region, while in Simmental skulls, the neurocranial region was more prominent. This study provides valuable insights into the morphological characteristics of different cattle breeds, contributing to veterinary anatomy, biology, and paleontology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin development in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica)-From skin respiration to thermoregulation.","authors":"Kirsten Ferner","doi":"10.1111/joa.14236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marsupials are born at an early stage of development, and compared to eutherians, skin development is slow, and a functional change during skin ontogenesis occurs. The skin development in 36 gray short-tailed opossums (Monodelphis domestica) has been examined using histological, morphometric, and μCT methods during postnatal development from neonate to adult. The aim of the study is to follow the structural and functional transition of the skin in this immature marsupial species. Additionally, the postnatal development of the external appearance and the cardiac and respiratory systems is looked at to assess skin development in relation to the general development. The skin of the newborn gray short-tailed opossum is thin and undifferentiated (no hair follicles, no sebaceous and sweat glands). Numerous subepidermal capillaries allow for gaseous exchange via the skin. A dense cutaneous capillary net with a high capillary volume density (0.25 ± 0.04) is present at term, indicating significant cutaneous gas exchange in the neonate. The capillary volume density decreases markedly during the first postnatal week (0.08 ± 0.01). In the same time period, the skin diffusion barrier increases from 27 ± 4 to 87 ± 1 μm. From this age on, the skin development is characterized by thickening of the different cutaneous layers and beginning formation of hair follicles. First, hair covering the skin, sweat glands, and subcutaneous fat are observed by day 28, indicating the onset of thermoregulation. The total skin thickness in the gray short-tailed opossum increases from 58 μm at birth to 726 μm by day 35, when the pelage is fully developed. The cardiac and respiratory systems are immature at birth. A fenestrated interatrial septum is present for the first 4 days, allowing skin respiration. Between day 4 and day 7, the lung enters the saccular stage of lung development and is mature enough to meet the respiratory needs of the growing organism. During a long period of postnatal development, the structural differentiation of the skin results in a functional shift from transcutaneous gas exchange to thermoregulation in later life.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new distal fibular fragment of Homo floresiensis and the first quantitative comparative analysis of proximal and distal fibular morphology in this species.","authors":"Annalisa Pietrobelli, Damiano Marchi, Sofwan Noerwidi, Nico Alamsyah, Thomas Sutikna, Tracy L Kivell, Matthew M Skinner, Matthew W Tocheri","doi":"10.1111/joa.14194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hindlimb skeleton of the holotype (LB1) of Homo floresiensis is relatively complete and includes both fibulae, which despite being well preserved have yet to be subject to a quantitative comparative analysis with other hominids. A new distal fragment of a fibula has also been recovered from the H. floresiensis-bearing sediments at Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia). In this study, we used 3D geometric morphometrics (3DGM) to quantify detailed aspects of the external shape and articular facet morphology of the proximal and distal ends of these H. floresiensis fibulae. The comparative sample included fibulae from 57 extant great apes (Pongo, Gorilla, and Pan), 41 recent and fossil Homo sapiens, five Australopithecus afarensis, and five Neandertals. Shape variation was analyzed using principal component analysis of Procrustes coordinates, and mean differences among taxa were tested using a Procrustes ANOVA with a randomization procedure. Size comparisons were made using centroid size and tested via correlations with principal component scores. Results demonstrate that H. floresiensis fibulae possess the absolute smallest mean linear dimensions and mean centroid sizes among our comparative sample. The proximal and distal fibular ends of H. floresiensis exhibit four key features adapted for obligate bipedalism while also displaying a suite of plesiomorphic traits shared with extant great apes and A. afarensis that, compared with that of H. sapiens and Neandertals, suggest a more versatile ankle joint with a greater range of motion and enhanced load-bearing capabilities of the fibula. Our results are consistent with other aspects of the H. floresiensis lower limb, such as long feet relative to the femur and a long forefoot relative to the hindfoot, that together suggest an australopith-like locomotor repertoire that included both obligate bipedalism and climbing.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palaeobiology and osteohistology of South African sauropodomorph dinosaurs.","authors":"Fay-Yaad Toefy, Emil Krupandan, Anusuya Chinsamy","doi":"10.1111/joa.14229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several sauropodomorph dinosaurs have been excavated from the Elliot Formation (EF) of Southern Africa which include important taxa such as Massospondylus, Melanorosaurus and Antetonitrus. The study of the bone microstructure of smaller, bipedal Sauropodomorpha and larger, quadrupedal Sauropoda allow us to infer how the growth dynamics changed during the evolution of gigantism. Historically, osteohistological studies of Sauropodomorpha tended to have focused on either early diverging taxa (e.g. Plateosaurus & Massospondylus) or on derived taxa (diplodocids & titanosaurs), whereas studies on the growth dynamics of the transitionary groups (i.e. Sauropodiformes & early Sauropoda) are poorly known. Here, we assess the palaeobiology of two sauropodiformes and an early sauropod by analysing their bone histology. Thin sections of the long bones of two indeterminate sauropodiformes NMQR 3314 and NMQR 1551, and an indeterminate sauropod SAM-PK-K382 were prepared. The general histology of the long bones of all three dinosaurs were similar. Rapid growth through the deposition of fibrolamellar bone tissue characterised their respective ontogenies. Lines of arrested growth (LAGs) were commonly located in the mid and outer cortex signalling the onset of uninterrupted growth. Differences in the histology of these dinosaurs were principally related to the pathological bone tissue evident in the femur of the sauropodiform NMQR 1551 and to the formation of annuli around LAGs in Sauropoda indet., as well as in the location of LAGs in the compacta. The number of LAGs in the cortex varied among the taxa but generally the outer regions of the cortex showed an accumulation of LAGs. The growth dynamics of our three sauropodomorph dinosaurs are similar to early sauropods such as Antetonitrus. It appears that the abundance of fibrolamellar bone tissue and uninterrupted growth at later ontogenetic stages are likely key traits in the early evolution of gigantism in Sauropoda, which supports the occurrence of a mosaic of growth dynamic patterns among transitionary Sauropodomorpha.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Cover (March 2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/joa.14232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14232","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <b>Front cover:</b>\u0000 </p><p>Cover image: see R. Racicot et al., ‘Variation in whale (Cetacea) inner ear anatomy reveals the early evolution of ‘specialized’ high frequency hearing sensitivity’, this issue.</p><p>\u0000 \u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 3","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of growth strategy in alligators and caimans informed by osteohistology of the late Eocene early-diverging alligatoroid crocodylian Diplocynodon hantoniensis.","authors":"D K Hoffman, E R Goldsmith, A Houssaye, S C R Maidment, R N Felice, P D Mannion","doi":"10.1111/joa.14231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among living crocodylians, alligatoroids exhibit a wide range of body sizes and a biogeographic distribution that spans tropical-to-subtropical climates. The fossil record of alligatoroids, however, reveals even greater diversity, including multiple examples of gigantism and a broader distribution that extends into polar latitudes. Osteohistological studies on extant alligatoroids show that living alligators and caimans both exhibit seasonal growth, with roughly comparable growth rates. However, alligators and caimans diverged from one another over 60 million years ago; the dearth of studies on extinct alligatoroids makes it unclear if the shared condition in extant taxa reflects convergent responses to rapid climatic changes in the recent past or represents the ancestral condition in alligatoroids. Additionally, sample sizes are often limited to one or two individuals, especially in extinct crocodylians, obscuring any intraspecific variation present. To address this uncertainty, we conducted the largest monospecific osteohistological study of an extinct crocodylian to date, based on a sample of nine femora, providing unique insight into the intraspecific variation in growth of the early-diverging alligatoroid Diplocynodon hantoniensis from the late Eocene of the UK. The bone microanatomy of D. hantoniensis shows moderate compactness, with a well-defined medullary cavity, and osteohistological features that are generally consistent with those of extant alligatoroids. Samples vary greatly along a continuum in the degree of remodelling and vascularity, highlighting both the importance of evaluating intraspecific variation and limitations of basing histological assessments on singleton samples. Ontogenetic assessment indicates that our sample captures a range of skeletally immature to mature individuals, approximately corresponding to femoral size, but with notable exceptions possibly driven by sexual dimorphism. Body size estimates for D. hantoniensis (1.2-3.4 m) fall within the typical range of living American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis). Reconstruction from cyclical growth marks indicates a similar overall growth rate between D. hantoniensis and A. mississippiensis. As in extant alligatoroids more generally, this is determinate, seasonally-controlled growth. Femoral circumference scales positively with femoral length in D. hantoniensis, demonstrating similar allometry to A. mississippiensis. This differs from some other extant crocodylians (e.g. Crocodylus niloticus and Crocodylus johnstoni) and suggests conservation of allometric relationships in alligatoroids. This in-depth look into an early diverging alligatoroid indicates that seasonality and growth rates present in extant members were established near the base of the clade. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of including larger samples of singular species in order to capture potential variation when making clade-wide interpretations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to comments on the paper: Is human height based on a Lucas sequence relationship between the foot height, tibial length, femur length and upper body length?","authors":"Dror Paley,&nbsp;Sahra Sutaria,&nbsp;Daelan Pinsky,&nbsp;Darin Roberts,&nbsp;Craig Robbins","doi":"10.1111/joa.14205","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joa.14205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure>This is a study of the relationship between the segmental bone lengths of foot height, tibia length, femur length, and upper body length to determine whether they follow a pattern that is consistent with the Lucas sequence.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":"246 4","pages":"633-648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of the covariation signal between cortical bone and dentine volumes across the upper limb bones and anterior teeth in modern humans and relevance to evolutionary anthropology.","authors":"Mathilde Augoyard, Clément Zanolli, Antonio Profico, Adrien Thibeault, Marine Cazenave, Anna C Oettlé, Ericka N L Abbé, Jakobus Hoffman, Priscilla Bayle","doi":"10.1111/joa.14227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cortical bone and dentine are two mineralized tissues sharing a common embryological origin, developmental, and genetic background, distinct from those of enamel. Understanding their relationship is crucial to decipher the factors acting on their postnatal development, and shedding light on the evolutionary patterns of tissue proportions. Here, we investigate the coordinated variation between cortical bone and dentine volumes measured from arm and forearm bones (humeri, ulnae, radii) and upper anterior teeth (central incisors, lateral incisors, canines) of modern humans. Given the shared characteristics of cortical bone and dentine, we expect similarities in their postnatal development, which may lead to covariation between their volumes. The degree of bone-dentine covariation may be influenced by the physiological response of upper limb bones to mechanical loading. No such covariation is expected with enamel volumes, due to the greater developmental independence of bone and enamel. Our sample includes 55 adults of African and European ancestries from South African osteological collections. Principal component analysis of cortical thickness variation along the shafts of paired humeri, ulnae, and radii is used to assess asymmetry. Bone regions with bilateral asymmetry in cortical bone thickness are considered sensitive to functional loads, while regions with minimal bilateral variation likely reflect genetic influences during bone postnatal development. Statistical analyses reveal strong positive correlations between cortical bone and dentine volumes across all bones and teeth, and weaker correlations between cortical bone and enamel. We outline a complex pattern of bone-dentine covariation that varies by skeletal location and tooth type. Contrary to our expectations, the presumed functional sensitivity of bone regions does not influence the covariation signal. Additionally, the strength of the covariation appears to align with the developmental sequence of the anterior teeth, with the upper canines showing the strongest correlation with cortical bone volumes, followed by lateral and central incisors. These results provide insights into the functional and biological factors influencing the coordinated variation of cortical bone and dentine volumes during postnatal development. Further research on the cortical bone-dentine covariation across different skeletal parts, including lower limb elements, would enhance our understanding of the effects of both endogenous and exogenous factors on the development of the mineralized tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}