Advances in Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Nasal Anthropometry of Adult Tiv and Idoma Tribes of Nigeria","authors":"T. Kpela, B. Danborno, S. Adebisi","doi":"10.4236/AA.2019.92008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2019.92008","url":null,"abstract":"Nasalanthropometry measures nasal parameters for ethnic morphological nasal classification and categorization. This study was carried out to determine the nasal index in the target population and compare it in both sexes and with the result of other similar studies. The sample consisted of 600 youths aged 18 - 32 years. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire to establish ethnic background. Nasal length and nasal breadth were measured using vernier calipers and the nasal index calculated according to standard formula. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 20 (IBM Corporation, New York, USA). Statistical significance was considered at p ≤ 0.05. The mean nasal length of Tiv was 4.4 ± 0.63 cm and the mean nasal breadth was 4.2 ± 0.59 cm. The mean nasal length of Idoma was 4.3 ± 0.67 cm and the mean nasal breadth was 3.9 ± 0.61 cm. There was a statistically significant mean difference in nasal breadth between the two ethnic groups (p = 0.001) with higher mean value in Tiv relative to Idoma. Both ethnic groups exhibited sexual dimorphism of nasal length, nasal breadth and nasal index with males having significantly higher mean values than females (p < 0.05). The mean nasal index of Tiv was 95.7 ± 10.97 while that of Idoma was 92.3 ± 11.03. Based on nasal index, it was concluded that the nose type in the two ethnic groups was platyrrhine.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123818611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Chinese Family with Pseudoachondroplasia Caused by COMP Gene Mutation","authors":"Xiao Han, Yinhe Wang, Wenjin Yan, J. Dai, Q. Jiang","doi":"10.4236/AA.2019.91007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2019.91007","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH; MIM 177170) is a rare disease which was characterized by disproportionate short stature, deformity of the lower limbs, brachydactyly, loose joints, and ligamentous laxity. It is an autosomal dominant osteochondrodysplasia presented in childhood, and usually resolved with age, but osteoarthritis is progressive and severe. Genetic testing using the whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing was performed for the patients, a 30-year-old woman and her affected son, who is only 8 years old. A heterozygous mutationin exon 15 of COMP (c.1675G > A, p.Glu559Lys, NM 000095.2) was identified. The Polyphen-2 predicted that the mutation may damage the COMP protein function. This study suggested that the heterozygous mutations in COMP were responsible for PSACH and demonstrated the genotype-phenotype relationship between mutations in COMP and clinical characteristics of PSACH.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132361310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Y-SNP Z-381 Is a Patrilineal DNA Marker of the Royal Bourbon Family of France","authors":"G. Lucotte, F. Diéterlen","doi":"10.4236/AA.2019.91005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2019.91005","url":null,"abstract":"More than 1100 unrelated males from West-Europe were analysed by molecular hybridization experiments for the p49, f Taq I polymorphisms, and by polymerase chain reaction for the R-S21 and Z381 Y-SNP markers. The corresponding two SNP haplogroups showed similar packty frequency distribution patterns centred on Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark and the north of Germany. Louis XVI, the last French King, is Z381+. A complete corrected Y-STRs profile is established for Prince Sixte-Henri of Bourbon-Parma, a living representative descendant of the French Bourbon family; exploration of further Y-SNP markers located under Z381 shows that he is of the DF98 haplogroup.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126352028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Trends of Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Bangladesh in the Context of South Asia","authors":"H. Akhter, Md. Mahbubur Rahman Alam","doi":"10.4236/AA.2019.91004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2019.91004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This article is presenting the overall situation of maternal and neonatal health in Bangladesh in comparison to other South Asian countries. Bringing down the maternal mortality ratio from 569 to 143 was the target for Bangladesh which was achieved up to 176 per 100,000 live births by 2015 but the target as per the Millennium Development Goal 5 was not fulfilled yet and remained as a challenge. Besides, the improvement in reducing the neonatal mortality rate during 1993-2014 shows a national level decline from 52 to 28 per 1000 live births, which is almost half during this period with a percentage change of about 46% and so more care is needed here also. Objectives and Methods: The manuscript has three objectives: to present the trends of maternal and neonatal mortality, to explain the maternal and neonatal mortality rate by background characteristics and the causes of maternal and neonatal deaths in Bangladesh on the basis of South Asian perspective. The main source of data collection and analysis was the secondary sources, from different journals and project reports published between the years 2001 to May 2018. Main Text: In Bangladesh, 35% maternal deaths occurred as indirect causes and 9% causes of deaths are still remaining unidentified. In addition, hemorrhage (31%) and pre-eclampsia-eclampsia (20%) are found two vital causes of maternal deaths with two more causes which are due to obstructed labor (7%), and termination of pregnancy (1%). It is found that Bangladesh has shown a great improvement in maternal mortality ratio by reducing maternal mortality to 176 in 2015 from 569 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990, with an increase of 69% as progress. On the other hand, it is found that 43% of neonatal deaths in Bangladesh occurred due to birth asphyxia, 24% due to neonatal pneumonia, 22% due to prematurity, 5% due to sepsis, 0.2% due to meningitis and encephalitis, 0.1% due to congenital malformation and 5% causes are still remain undetermined. While comparing the situation to other South Asian countries, it is seen that the causes of neonatal deaths by prematurity are in the highest position that causes 29.7%, 43.8%, 30.8% and 39.3% deaths and birth asphyxia is in the second highest position that causes 22.9%, 18.9%, 23.4% and 20.9% deaths in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan respectively. Conclusion: This paper will support health researchers and medical anthropologist for further studies and specifically for the health-policy makers and corresponding authorities to take necessary actions for overcoming the obstacles of improving maternal and neonatal health situation in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115774765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agents of Patriarchy Teach Gender","authors":"R. Sharaby","doi":"10.4236/AA.2019.91002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2019.91002","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses veteran instructors who were employed by the ab-sorbing establishment as instructors for women immigrants from Yemen who settled in moshav-type cooperative settlements in Israel. The findings indicate that the instruction messages in the first stage after the Yemenite immigrants settled on the land included a blurring of gender. However, differential instruction was created when the permanent homes were constructed: male instructors taught the men the hard physical labor, and female instructors taught the women their roles within the domestic sphere. The instruction system recruited to the new moshav-type cooperative settlements thus perpetuated the gender division of labor and used an effective “tool” for transmitting the patriarchic messages of the absorbing establishment.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115274739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development as Crossing: An Anthropological Approach","authors":"Claver Boundja","doi":"10.4236/aa.2019.91003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aa.2019.91003","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes an anthropological reflection about development, in the philosophical sense of the term. Contemporary philosophers seem to be far from the question of development, which is an essential question for the societies of our time. It is therefore urgent to enunciate a theory of development, anthropological reflection that lies beyond economic and political theories on development. It is necessary to think about development, in its link with humanity or the essence of the human, by leading it to the element of its truth, namely the individual well-being, which escapes all attempts at control, probability and econometrics. This article proposes a new paradigm of development calls for a fundamental reflection, based on the analysis of human consciousness. We examine human consciousness, to understand its foundations about crossing, in a discourse with a universal aim.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115925534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palmar Dermatoglyphics of Corsicans and Comparison with Those of Sardinians","authors":"G. Floris, C. M. Calo","doi":"10.4236/AA.2018.84014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2018.84014","url":null,"abstract":"We report on five dermatoglyphic traits recorded on palm prints in sample of Sardinians and Corsicans. The two populations are very similar but not identical.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125050804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Musical Language of Zeqirja Ballata in His Piano Work Fantasia Rustica","authors":"Indira Çipa","doi":"10.4236/aa.2018.84013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aa.2018.84013","url":null,"abstract":"Zeqirja Ballata (1943), a Kosovar composer, is in step with the works of his time, more precisely belonging to the postmodernist period. Throughout his musical opus, he showed consistency to the contemporary stylistic elements of the second half of the twentieth century. Among the 157 musical works by the Kosovar composer Zeqirja Ballata, this paper brings the results of the analysis of the musical language used in Fantasia rustica (for the left hand). The work in question is atonal, with dominant dissonance followed by short consonant bursts. Employing a qualitative research method, or analysis, the work was analysed including the following musical parameters: general and historical data of the piece, structure, linear expression, consonant structures, rhythm and its components, dynamics and synthesis of musical parameters in the process of concretization. The paper also contains notation tables and examples illustrating concretization moments.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116359260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons for the Wide Spread of the Protosyllable -*kam- (and Its Phonetic Variants -*kham-, -*cham-) in the Modern Place-Names (Multidisciplinary Approach)","authors":"E. Mironova, Konstantin N. Shkvarya","doi":"10.4236/aa.2018.84011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/aa.2018.84011","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a new approach in the field of protolanguage study on the basis of the hypothesis (Mironova, 2008) about protosyllables of protolanguage preserved in the modern place names. The protosyllable -*kam- exists since ancient times in hydronyms and oronyms, and shows the presence of common ancient meaning in their phonetic arrangement. The research reveals this common meaning inserted in the protosyllable -*kam-, which reflects the attitude of migrated tribes to the sacred mountains and mountain ranges on the one hand and water sources on the other. The traces of these migrated tribes can be found according to the up-to-date investigations in the field of archaeology (stone artifacts in the shape of a bear and an elk), in the field of DNA-genealogy (the data about “Malta boy” Y-chromosome haplogroup R) and in the field of the Paleolithic religious cult study (common features of the united religious cult of the Great Goddess of the Paleolithic in Eurasia, including: heart-like and anthropomorphic images on the surfaces and on the corners of the stones, boulders and cliffs).","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"59 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114130232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nheengatu Language and Its Role in the Tactics of Construction of Indigenous Identity","authors":"Maria Sílvia Cintra","doi":"10.4236/AA.2018.84012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/AA.2018.84012","url":null,"abstract":"Nheengatu is one of the co-official languages of Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira in the Amazon region (AM/Brazil). About 8000 people in the Upper Rio Negro region speak it, and there exists a contemporary movement for its revitalization in the state of Para (PA/Brazil). Based upon field research in both these regions, this paper bears reflections on the inter-relations existing between language and identity including references in the areas of Applied Linguistics, Culture Semiotics and Anthropology. I propose a discussion on Nheengatu language, which is often considered in a dysphoric way, i.e., as if it had been imposed on the natives, resulting only from the colonizers’ strategies. I propose we can instead envisage it from the perspective concerning the tactics constructed by the aboriginals in order to preserve and reconquer their identity, i.e., from the point of view of a Poetics of Relation within a complex, contradictory and hybrid linguistic approach.","PeriodicalId":149660,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Anthropology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132861713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}