Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Deconstructing inflammatory memory across tissue set points using cell circuit motifs","authors":"Andrew C. Kwong HBSc ,&nbsp;Jose Ordovas-Montanes PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tissue ecosystems are cellular communities that maintain set points through a network of intercellular interactions. We position health and chronic inflammatory disease as alternative stable set points that are (1) robust to perturbation and (2) capable of adaptation and memory. Inflammatory memory, which is the storage of prior experience to durably influence future responsiveness, is central to how tissue ecosystems may be pushed past tipping points that stabilize disease over health. Here, we develop a reductionist framework of circuit motifs that recur in tissue set points. In type 2 immunity, we distinctly find the emergence of 2-cell positive feedback motifs. In contrast, directional motif relays and 3-cell networks feature more prominently in type 1 and 17 responses. We propose that these differences guide the ecologic networks established after surpassing tipping points and associate closely with therapeutic responsiveness. We highlight opportunities to improve our current knowledge of how circuit motifs interact when building toward tissue-level networks across adaptation and memory. By developing new tools for circuit motif nomination and applying them to temporal profiling of tissue ecosystems, we hope to dissect the stability of the chronic inflammatory set point and open therapeutic avenues for rewriting memory to restore health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"154 5","pages":"Pages 1095-1105"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variants in IGLL1 cause a broad phenotype from agammaglobulinemia to transient hypogammaglobulinemia","authors":"Maarja Soomann MD ,&nbsp;Viktor Bily MSc ,&nbsp;Magdeldin Elgizouli MBBS, PhD ,&nbsp;Dennis Kraemer MSc ,&nbsp;Gülfirde Akgül PhD ,&nbsp;Horst von Bernuth MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Markéta Bloomfield MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Nicholas Brodszki MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Fabio Candotti MD ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Förster-Waldl MD ,&nbsp;Tomas Freiberger MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Maria Giżewska MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Adam Klocperk MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Uwe Kölsch MD ,&nbsp;Kim E. Nichols MD ,&nbsp;Renate Krüger MD ,&nbsp;Ninad Oak PhD ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Pac MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Seraina Prader MD ,&nbsp;Kjeld Schmiegelow MD ,&nbsp;Johannes Trück MD, DPhil","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Agammaglobulinemia due to variants in <em>IGLL1</em> has traditionally been considered an exceedingly rare form of severe B-cell deficiency, with only 8 documented cases in the literature. Surprisingly, the first agammaglobulinemic patient identified by newborn screening (NBS) through quantification of kappa-deleting recombination excision circles harbored variants in <em>IGLL1</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We comprehensively reviewed clinical and immunologic findings of patients with B-cell deficiency attributed to variants in <em>IGLL1</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>NBS programs reporting the use of kappa-deleting recombination excision circle assays, the European Society for Immunodeficiencies Registry, and authors of published reports featuring patients with B-cell deficiency linked to <em>IGLL1</em> variants were contacted. Only patients with (likely) pathogenic variants, reduced CD19⁺ counts, and no alternative diagnosis were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 13 patients identified through NBS, 2 clinically diagnosed patients, and 2 asymptomatic siblings. All had severely reduced CD19⁺ B cells (&lt; 0.1 × 10⁹/L) at first evaluation, yet subsequent follow-up assessments indicated residual immunoglobulin production. Specific antibody responses to vaccine antigens varied, with a predominant reduction observed during infancy. Clinical outcomes were favorable with IgG substitution. Two patients successfully discontinued substitution therapy without developing susceptibility to infections and while maintaining immunoglobulin levels. The pooled incidence of homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic <em>IGLL1</em> variants identified by NBS in Austria, Czechia, and Switzerland was 1.3:100,000, almost double of X-linked agammaglobulinemia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>B-cell deficiency resulting from <em>IGLL1</em> variants appears to be more prevalent than initially believed. Despite markedly low B-cell counts, the clinical course in some patients may be milder than reported in the literature so far.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"154 5","pages":"Pages 1313-1324.e7"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms involved in the transmission of trained immunity to offspring","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"154 5","pages":"Pages 1117-1119"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airway proteomics reveals broad residual anti-inflammatory effects of prednisolone in mepolizumab-treated asthma","authors":"Imran Howell MBBCh ,&nbsp;Freda Yang MD ,&nbsp;Vanessa Brown PhD ,&nbsp;Jennifer Cane PhD ,&nbsp;Emanuele Marchi PhD ,&nbsp;Adnan Azim PhD ,&nbsp;John Busby PhD ,&nbsp;Pamela J. McDowell PhD ,&nbsp;Sarah E. Diver MD ,&nbsp;Catherine Borg BSc ,&nbsp;Liam G. Heaney MD ,&nbsp;Ian D. Pavord FMedSci ,&nbsp;Christopher E. Brightling FMedSci ,&nbsp;Rekha Chaudhuri MD ,&nbsp;Timothy S.C. Hinks PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mepolizumab is an anti-IL-5 mAb treatment for severe eosinophilic asthma that reduces asthma exacerbations. Residual airway inflammation with mepolizumab therapy may lead to persistent exacerbations. Oral corticosteroids remain the main treatment for these residual exacerbations.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our study aimed to explore the corticosteroid responsiveness of airway inflammation after mepolizumab treatment to find potentially treatable inflammatory mechanisms beyond the IL-5 pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The MAPLE trial was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of 2 weeks of high-dose oral prednisolone treatment at stable state in 27 patients treated with mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma. We analyzed paired sputum (n = 16) and plasma (n = 25) samples from the MAPLE trial using high-throughput Olink proteomics. We analyzed additional sputum proteins using ELISA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In patients receiving mepolizumab, prednisolone significantly downregulated sputum proteins related to type 2 inflammation and chemotaxis including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, CCL24, CCL26, EDN, CCL17, CCL22, OX40 receptor, FCER2, and the ST2 receptor. Prednisolone also downregulated cell adhesion molecules, prostaglandin synthases, mast cell tryptases, MMP1, MMP12, and neuroimmune mediators. Neutrophilic pathways were upregulated. Type 2 proteins were also downregulated in plasma, combined with IL-12, IFN-γ, and IP-10. IL-10 and amphiregulin were upregulated.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>At stable state, prednisolone has broad anti-inflammatory effects on top of mepolizumab. These effects are heterogeneous and may be clinically relevant in residual exacerbations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"154 5","pages":"Pages 1146-1158"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial intestinal dysbiosis drives long-term allergic susceptibility by sculpting an ILC2–B1 cell–innate IgE axis","authors":"Ahmed Kabil BASc ,&nbsp;Natalia Nayyar ,&nbsp;Julyanne Brassard PhD ,&nbsp;Yicong Li BSc ,&nbsp;Sameeksha Chopra BHSc ,&nbsp;Michael R. Hughes PhD ,&nbsp;Kelly M. McNagny PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The abundance and diversity of intestinal commensal bacteria influence systemic immunity with impact on disease susceptibility and severity. For example, loss of short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-fermenting bacteria in early life (humans and mice) is associated with enhanced type 2 immune responses in peripheral tissues including the lung.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our goal was to reveal the microbiome-dependent cellular and molecular mechanisms driving enhanced susceptibility to type 2 allergic lung disease.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used low-dose vancomycin to selectively deplete SCFA-fermenting bacteria in wild-type mice. We then examined the frequency and activation status of innate and adaptive immune cell lineages with and without SCFA supplementation. Finally, we used ILC2-deficient and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6)-deficient transgenic mouse strains to delineate the cellular and cytokine pathways leading to enhanced allergic disease susceptibility.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mice with vancomycin-induced dysbiosis exhibited a 2-fold increase in lung ILC2 primed to produce elevated levels of IL-2, -5, and -13. In addition, upon IL-33 inhalation, mouse lung ILC2 displayed a novel ability to produce high levels of IL-4. These expanded and primed ILC2s drove B1 cell expansion and IL-4–dependent production of IgE that in turn led to exacerbated allergic inflammation. Importantly, these enhanced lung inflammatory phenotypes in mice with vancomycin-induced dysbiosis were reversed by administration of dietary SCFA (specifically butyrate).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SCFAs regulate an ILC2–B1 cell–IgE axis. Early-life administration of vancomycin, an antibiotic known to deplete SCFA-fermenting gut bacteria, primes and amplifies this axis and leads to lifelong enhanced susceptibility to type 2 allergic lung disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"154 5","pages":"Pages 1260-1276.e9"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"News beyond our pages","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"154 5","pages":"Pages 1111-1113"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiomics analysis identified IL-4–induced IL1RL1high eosinophils characterized by prominent cysteinyl leukotriene metabolism","authors":"Keeya Sunata MD ,&nbsp;Jun Miyata MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yusuke Kawashima PhD ,&nbsp;Ryo Konno PhD ,&nbsp;Masaki Ishikawa PhD ,&nbsp;Yoshinori Hasegawa PhD ,&nbsp;Ryuta Onozato MD ,&nbsp;Yo Otsu MD ,&nbsp;Emiko Matsuyama MD ,&nbsp;Hisashi Sasaki MD ,&nbsp;Shinichi Okuzumi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Takao Mochimaru MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Katsunori Masaki MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hiroki Kabata MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Akihiko Kawana MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Makoto Arita PhD ,&nbsp;Koichi Fukunaga MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Clinical studies have demonstrated that IL-4, a type 2 cytokine, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis and eosinophilic asthma. However, the direct effect of IL-4 on eosinophils remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aimed to elucidate the inflammatory effects of IL-4 on the functions of human eosinophils.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multiomics analysis comprising transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, quantitative RT-PCR, and flow cytometry was performed by using blood eosinophils from healthy subjects stimulated with IL-4, IL-5, or a combination thereof.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that both IL-4 and IL-5 upregulate the expression of γ-gultamyl transferase 5, a fatty acid–metabolizing enzyme that converts leukotriene C₄ into leukotriene D₄. In addition, IL-4 specifically upregulates the expression of IL-1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1), a receptor for IL-33 and transglutaminase-2. Additional transcriptomic analysis of cells stimulated with IL-13 revealed altered gene expression profiles, characterized by the upregulation of γ-gultamyl transferase 5, transglutaminase-2, and IL1RL1. The IL-13–induced changes were not totally different from the IL-4–induced changes. Lipidomic analysis revealed that IL-5 and IL-4 additively increased the extracellular release of leukotriene D₄. <em>In vitro</em> experiments revealed that STAT6 and IL-4 receptor-α control the expression of these molecules in the presence of IL-4 and IL-13. Analysis of eosinophils derived from patients with allergic disorders indicated the involvement of IL-4 and IL-13 at the inflamed sites.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>IL-4 induces the proallergic phenotype of IL1RL1^high eosinophils, with prominent cysteinyl leukotriene metabolism via STAT6. These cellular changes represent potential therapeutic targets for chronic rhinosinusitis and eosinophilic asthma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"154 5","pages":"Pages 1277-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis linked to other hyper-IgE syndromes through defective TH17 responses","authors":"Hua Sun PhD ,&nbsp;J. Morgan Knight PhD ,&nbsp;Yi-Dong Li MS ,&nbsp;Faramarz Ashoori MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Martin J. Citardi MD ,&nbsp;William C. Yao MD ,&nbsp;David B. Corry MD ,&nbsp;Amber U. Luong MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.06.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.06.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In a gene expression analysis comparing sinus mucosa samples from allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) patients with samples from non-AFRS chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) patients, the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) histatin 1 (<em>HTN1</em>) was found to be the most differentially downregulated gene in AFRS.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We sought to identify the molecular etiology of the downregulated expression of <em>HTN1</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We used RT-PCR to compare the expression of AMPs and a fungistasis assay to evaluate the antifungal activity of sinus secretions. Using flow cytometry, we characterized the presence of T_H17/T_H22 cells and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling from AFRS patients, non-AFRS CRSwNP patients, and healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We confirmed decreased expression of AMPs in AFRS sinus mucosa with concordant decrease in antifungal activity in sinus secretions. IL-22 and IL-22–producing T cells were deficient within sinus mucosa of AFRS patients. <em>In vitro</em> studies demonstrated a defect in IL-6/STAT3 signaling critical for T_H17/T_H22 differentiation. Epithelial cells from AFRS patients could express AMPs when stimulated with exogenous IL-22/IL-17 and circulating T_H17 cell abundance was normal.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Similar to other hyper-IgE syndromes, but distinct from CRSwNP, AFRS patients express a defect in STAT3 activation limited to IL-6–dependent STAT3 phosphorylation that is critical for T_H17/T_H22 differentiation. This defect leads to a local deficiency of IL-17/IL-22 cytokines and deficient AMP expression within diseased sinus mucosa of AFRS patients. Our findings support evaluation of therapeutic approaches that enhance airway AMP production in AFRS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"154 5","pages":"Pages 1169-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An in vitro study of the impact of IL-17A and IL-22 on ciliogenesis in nasal polyps epithelium via the Hippo-YAP pathway","authors":"Huijun Qiu MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Jing Liu PhD ,&nbsp;Qingwu Wu MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Hsiaohui Ong PhD ,&nbsp;Yana Zhang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Xuekun Huang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tian Yuan MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Rui Zheng MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Huiyi Deng MD ,&nbsp;Weihao Wang MD ,&nbsp;Weifeng Kong MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Xinyue Wang MD ,&nbsp;Deyun Wang MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Qintai Yang MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cilia loss and impaired motile ciliary functions are among the typical pathological features of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). IL17A and IL22 are the canonical cytokines of type 3 inflammation, exhibiting similar functional effects on epithelial cells. In this study, we sought to examine the effects of IL17A and IL22 on ciliated cells and investigate the potential involvement of Hippo-YAP signaling in their influence on ciliogenesis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed both the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL17A and IL22 in nasal tissues obtained from patients with CRSwNP and compared them to those from healthy controls. To further explore the impact of IL17A and IL22, we established a primary human nasal epithelial cell model using different concentrations (2 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL) for a duration of 28 days in an air-liquid interface culture. Additionally, we employed the inhibitor verteporfin to investigate whether IL17A and IL22 exert their effects on ciliated cells via the Hippo-YAP pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mRNA and protein levels of IL17A and IL22 in CRSwNP were significantly higher than those in healthy controls, revealing a robust correlation between IL17A and IL22. YAP was highly expressed in the nucleus of ciliated cells in CRSwNP and displayed a positive correlation with clinical symptoms. Both IL17A and IL22 were found to reduce the number of ciliated cells. IL17A, but not IL22, suppressed ciliogenesis by disrupting the proper development and docking of the basal body of ciliated cells, resulting in motile ciliary dysfunctions. Furthermore, the expression of YAP within the nucleus of ciliated cells gradually declined as these cells reached the final stage of differentiation. However, this process was obstructed by IL17A only. YAP inhibitors, such as verteporfin, markedly reversed the effects of IL17A by increasing the proportion of ciliated cells, suppressing nuclear YAP expression in these cells, and enhancing ciliary beating frequency.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both IL17A and IL22 are overexpressed in nasal epithelium of CRSwNP, which is associated with the impairment of epithelial cell differentiation. Furthermore, IL17A has been shown to exert a disruptive effect on morphogenesis of motile cilia via activation of YAP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"154 5","pages":"Pages 1180-1194"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trained immunity–based vaccines for infections and allergic diseases","authors":"Leticia Martín-Cruz PhD ,&nbsp;Cristina Benito-Villalvilla PhD ,&nbsp;Alba Angelina PhD ,&nbsp;José Luis Subiza MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Oscar Palomares PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaci.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trained immunity has emerged as a new concept in immunology that is associated with the memory of innate immune cells and linked to specific metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of these cells. Trained immunity may confer nonspecific and sustained protection against a broad range of pathogens, and recent findings show that it might also be involved in allergy mechanisms. Some conventional vaccines have demonstrated trained immunity induction as the mechanism underlying their heterologous protection. The development of novel vaccines designed especially for this purpose (trained immunity–based vaccines) might be useful in the absence of conventional vaccines or in specific clinical settings. Under certain circumstances, trained immunity could lead to persistent inflammatory innate immune cell responses in subjects with allergy, which could be associated with the development and worsening of allergy by promoting and amplifying aberrant type 2 immune responses. In other cases, trained immunity may help promote healthy immune responses to allergens, such as type 1 responses that counterbalance the type 2 inflammation or regulatory T cells that induce tolerance. Trained immunity–based allergen vaccines could become the next generation of allergen-specific immunotherapy vaccines, harnessing the potential of trained immunity to induce allergen tolerance. The identification and characterization of proper training inducers might well pave the way for the development of novel immunotherapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14936,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology","volume":"154 5","pages":"Pages 1085-1094"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142275157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}