Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence最新文献

{"title":"The State of Opioid Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT)","authors":"C. Stanciu","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000E141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000E141","url":null,"abstract":"Fentanyl and other synthetic versions of this class are fast acting and much more potent than morphine. Several of these have been synthesized-Sufentanil, Alfentanil, Lofentanil, Ramifentanil and Carfentanil. Current trends show an increasing amount of street heroin is being cut with these and users may not be aware. A pharmacological study examined the inhibition constants of these from the opioid receptor based on their Ki values, which are inversely proportional to the receptor binding affinity [4]. According to this data, which includes all but Carfentanil, some synthetic opioids such as Sufenanil could overcome the BUP mediated blockade at the mu receptor. Naltrexone, not included here, has a Ki value of ~1.3 as reported in literature [5]. Since some of the synthetic opioids have lower Ki values, these may be able to displace it in individuals who are on Naltrexone MAT.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87206603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to Rural Treatment of Opioid Addiction and Alcoholism","authors":"M. Bauder","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000318","url":null,"abstract":"“Interviewees reported substantial difficulties finding physicians who understand their disabilities and sometimes feel that they must teach their local doctors about their underlying conditions. Interviewees described needing to travel periodically to large medical centers to get necessary specialty care. Many are poor and are either uninsured or have Medicaid coverage, complicating their searches for willing primary care physicians. Because many cannot drive, they face great difficulties getting to their local doctor and especially making long trips to urban centers. Available public transportation often is inaccessible and unreliable. Physicians' offices are sometimes located in old buildings that do not have accessible entrances or equipment. Based on their personal experiences, interviewees perceive that rural areas are generally less sensitive to disability access issues than urban areas.”","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73195746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescription Opioid and Stress","authors":"Suchismita Ray, Warren A. Reich","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000E144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000E144","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"06 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79257504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Acute and Chronic Alcohol Consumption Modulate Multiple Neurotransmitter Systems: A Review of Clinical PET Neuroimaging","authors":"K. Laere, J. Ceccarini","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000307","url":null,"abstract":"Koen Van Laere1,2 and Jenny Ceccarini1,2* 1Department of Imaging and Pathology, Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium 2MoSAIC, Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium *Corresponding author: Jenny Ceccarini, PhD, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Division of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium, Tel: +3216343715; Fax: +3216343759; E-mail: jenny.ceccarini@uzleuven.be","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88954758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Alcohol Use among Undergraduate Students of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"Ayenigbara Israel Oluwasegun, Adegboro Joseph Sunday","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000321","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the major health Problems that arises from drinking of excessive alcohol; for example, cancer pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, malignancies, mental horribleness, and injury, students still indulges in the drinking of alcohol. In other to help in reducing chronic diseases and other adverse health effects associated with excessive alcohol drinking, there is the need to get a latest baseline data on alcohol use. Hence, the need to investigate the pattern of Alcohol use among Undergraduate students of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods: The research design used for this study is descriptive survey research, questionnaire was used for data collection, and multistage sampling procedure was used to select respondents. Furthermore, this study was conducted in Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko in Ondo State, Nigeria, and the respondents for this study comprised 500 undergraduate students of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria. The descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages score were used to analyse demographic data and the research question, while inferential Statistics of linear regression was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 levels of significance. Findings: Findings revealed that 269 (53.8%) respondents do not take Alcohol at all, but 33 (6.6%) respondents takes Alcohol once a month, 44 (8.8%) respondents takes Alcohol once a week, 31 (6.2%) respondents takes Alcohol once every day, 19 (3.8%) respondents takes Alcohol twice every morning and 104 (20.8%) respondents takes Alcohol only during occasions. It was also discovered that age, gender and family background of students have no significant influence on their pattern of Alcohol use. Conclusions: It was concluded that majority of undergraduate students of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba- Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria does not drink alcoholic beverages i.e. 53.8% respondents do not drink it at all; while 46.2% of undergraduate students of Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria drink alcoholic beverages. Also, it was concluded that age, gender and family background of students have no significant influence on their pattern of Alcohol use.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79788437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety Disorders among Gambling Addicts","authors":"Steliana Rizeanu","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000315","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anxiety is an emotion generated by the anticipation of a diffuse, difficult to predict and control danger. Professionals in mental health consider that approximately 40% of gambling addicts have an anxiety disorder at least once in life. Objectives: This paper aims to underline the existence of different forms of anxiety among gambling addicts. Methods: We used for this research 119 gambling addicts who were tested according to Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Results: According to the statistical data obtained, 64.71% of the subjects showed a form of anxiety. Conclusions: Results of the research validated the initial hypothesis according to which a significant percent of gambling addicts have different intensities of anxiety.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82346341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Thyroid Function Abnormality in Admitted Male Patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome","authors":"Dilshana Nafisa, Denzil A. Pinto, P. Rao, A. Kakunje","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000303","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Alcohol is one of the commonest psychoactive substances consumed globally. There are evidences suggesting its role in causing thyroid abnormality. It has been reported to have multiple effects on the hypothalamopituitary- thyroid axis. This study aimed to look at the thyroid function abnormalities in admitted male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. Methods: Thyroid function parameters were compared among 30 male in-patients with Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) and 30 male in-patients with psychotic disorders as controls. Results: 23.3% of patients in the alcohol dependence group had thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) abnormality compared to 3.3% among control (psychotic disorders) group. 23.3% in the ADS group and 10% of the control group had free T4 (FT4) abnormality. TSH abnormality was seen more in individuals whose age of onset of alcohol use was 20-30 years which was statically significant (p=0.01). TSH abnormality was noted more in patients who consumed alcohol for more than 15 years and with quantity exceeding>720 ml.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90046088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Alcohol Taxation and Pricing Policies on Unrecorded Alcohol Consumption in Russia","authors":"Razvodovsky Ye","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000294","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Russia, harmful drinking is significantly associated with consumption of unrecorded alcohol (homemade spirits and non-beverage alcohol surrogates) containing high levels of ethanol and other toxic substances. \u0000Objectives: To estimate the effects of recent alcohol taxation and pricing policies on unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia. \u0000Methods: Trends in the affordability of vodka, excise tax rates on vodka, real disposable income, real price of vodka and unrecorded alcohol consumption per capita between 2010 and 2015, were compared. \u0000Results: A Pearson’s correlation analysis suggests an inverse relationship between unrecorded alcohol consumption and total alcohol sales per capita, as well as vodka sales per capita. The relationship between unrecorded alcohol consumption and the affordability of vodka was also negative, but statistically nonsignificant. The level of unrecorded alcohol consumption also positively related to the excise tax rates on vodka and the real price of vodka. \u0000Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that several factors including rising price of legal alcohol and ongoing economic crisis underpin a switch to unrecorded alcohol consumption in Russia over the last years.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83711821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: Old and New Insights","authors":"J. Fernandez-Solà, R. Riba","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000293","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a chronic dilated heart disease with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction that may be detected in one-fourth of high-dose alcohol consumers. It causes progressive diastolic and systolic dysfunction, supra and ventricular arrhythmias leading to heart failure and increased mortality. The main etiological factor for ACM is ethanol consumption that affects the myocardium in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanisms of ACM are diverse, synchronic and synergistic. Alcohol alters the channel and receptor structure of the cell membrane, decreases intracellular calcium transients, increases oxidative and inflammatory damage, decreases structural protein synthesis and interferes with excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms. Subjects with excessive alcohol consumption may have a subclinical cardiomyopathy with atrial and LV diastolic dysfunction measured by echocardiography or cardiac MR. Subclinical LV dysfunction may progress and later appear clinical features of heart failure. Cardiac myocytes adapt to ethanol aggression by cell and nuclear hypertrophy and dilatation of heart chambers. Progressive myocyte structure disarray and apoptosis produce myocyte loss, hypertrophy of the remaining cells, subendocardial and interstitial fibrosis and low-degree myocyte regeneration. In addition, ethanol also interferes with cardiac repair and adaptation mechanisms. Thus, local cardiomyokines (FGF-21) and growth factors (myostatin, IGF-1, leptin) are modified by ethanol, limiting cardiac remodeling and myocyte regeneration, and leading to abnormal hypertrophy and eccentric ventricle dilatation. This imbalance between aggression and protection mechanisms induces progressive myocyte loss and heart dysfunction. Alcohol abstention is the main goal in ACM, although control drinking (<-60 g/day) may allow recovery of LV function. Monitoring of systemic mediated alcohol-damage, and correction of vitamin and ion deficiencies is needed. Heart failure in ACM should be treated similar to other dilated cardiomyopathies. Heart transplantation is limited to subjects without other organ damage who are able to abstain from alcohol. New preventive and therapeutic strategies are under development to decrease alcohol-mediated myocyte damage and increase heart protective and repair mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79340553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Substance Use Disorders by University Students: A Review of Literature","authors":"M. W. Njoroge","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000291","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This is a systematic review of literature describing the knowledge of substance use disorders (SUDs) by university students and determines their attitude and practices towards SUDs. It compares university students in different countries.Methods: The author conducted a systematic review of selected studies on SUDs conducted among university students and published between 2014 and 2017. An extensive search of literature was performed from 13th to 17th November, 2017 using Ovid interface to search MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, RESEARCH-Open Access for indexed journals in the subject area. The study author conducted this systematic review on the subject from journals availed online.Results: Findings of nine articles were included in this review. The included articles assessed university students at various academic years and programmes. The SUDs included alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, legal, illegal drugs dependence and pharmaceutical drug dependence.Conclusions: The findings from the reviewed studies indicate awareness by university students on substance use disorders. However, there is need for enhanced awareness and education programmes for university students on SUDs aimed at producing a positive impact on their practices, attitudes and knowledge on this subject.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"242 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80504571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}