Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence最新文献

{"title":"Topiramate for the Treatment of Methamphetamine Addiction: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"V. Andal, N. G. Reyes, Carissa Paz Dioquino Maligaso","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"Methamphetamine (MAP) is one of the most abused recreational drug worldwide and its abuse creates a socioeconomic burden for developed and developing countries alike. It is hypothesized to act on various receptors to facilitate the release of catecholamines such as dopamine to provide a euphoric effect. As of date, there are no pharmacologic interventions approved yet for the treatment of MAP addiction. Topiramate is an anti-epileptic drug that works on multiple pathways to modulate other catecholamines such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to decrease the reinforcing effects of stimulants like MAP. Two randomized controlled trials done by Elkashef et al. and Razeai et al. investigated the effectiveness of topiramate in the treatment of MAP addiction. To the authors knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis on topiramate for methamphetamine addiction. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of topiramate in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction among diagnoses methamphetamine dependents. Randomized controlled trials were searched through PubMed and other databases. Fixed variant analysis was applied to compare dichotomous outcomes. Two randomized controlled trials comparing maximum topiramate dose tolerated and placebo were included. The primary outcome was negative MAP use using urine test on the 10th week of study. There was no significant difference between the topiramate and placebo groups (RR 1.03, 95% CI [0.85,1.26], p=0.73). There is insufficient evidence to show that topiramate significantly promotes MAP abstinence on MAP abusers compared to placebo. Due to paucity of controlled studies, firm recommendation for its routine use for MAP addiction cannot be established.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79450168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Addiction a Disorder of Temporality","authors":"Ion Copoeru","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000304","url":null,"abstract":"What is addiction from a phenomenological point of view? The first task of a phenomenological approach is to describe the specific nature of addiction and to bring about its irreducibility in contradistinction to other particular phenomena. However, seeing that differentiation would entail to describe addiction in a phenomenological manner, should we still envision it as a kind of “pathology”? In this paper I’ll discuss the latest contributions in understanding addiction starting with the investigation of lived temporality, concomitantly advocating the need to overcome the distinction normal-pathological when we speak about the experience of addiction and recovery [1].","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88153480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichostatin A Shows Transient Protection from Chronic Alcohol-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells.","authors":"Tiyash Parira,&nbsp;Gloria Figueroa,&nbsp;Sherly Granado,&nbsp;Jacqueline Napuri,&nbsp;Boris Castillo-Chabeco,&nbsp;Madhavan Nair,&nbsp;Marisela Agudelo","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000316","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to understand whether histone deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitor Trichostatin A or TSA can block and/or reverse chronic alcohol exposure-induced ROS in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs). Additionally, since nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a known regulator of antioxidant responses, we studied the effects of alcohol and TSA on ROS production and modulation of Nrf2 by MDDCs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Intra-cellular, extra-cellular, and total ROS levels were measured in MDDCs treated chronically with alcohol (0.1 and 0.2 % EtOH) using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) followed by detection of ROS in microplate reader and imaging flow cytometer. Nrf2 expression was analyzed by qRT- PCR and western blot. In addition, <i>NFE2L2 (Nrf2)</i>, class I HDAC genes <i>HDAC1, HDAC2</i>, and histone acetyltransferase genes <i>KAT5</i> were analyzed <i>in silico</i> using the GeneMania prediction server.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results confirmed alcohol's ability to increase intracellular ROS levels in MDDCs within minutes of treatment. Our findings have also demonstrated, for the first time, that TSA has a transient protective effect on MDDCs treated chronically with alcohol since the ability of TSA to reduce intracellular ROS levels is only detected up to 15 minutes post-chronic alcohol treatment with no significant protective effects by 10 hours. In addition, chronic alcohol treatment was able to increase the expression of the antioxidant regulator Nrf2 in a dose dependent manner, and the effect of the higher amount of alcohol (0.2%) on <i>Nrf2</i> gene expression was significantly enhanced by TSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that TSA has a transient protective effect against ROS induced by chronic alcohol exposure of human MDDCs and chronic long-term exposure of MDDCs with alcohol and TSA induces cellular toxicity. It also highlights imaging flow cytometry as a novel tool to detect intracellular ROS levels. Overall, the effect of TSA might be mediated through <i>Nrf2</i>; however, further studies are needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-6488.1000316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36823677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physician Wellness and Substance Use-a Brief Review","authors":"C. Stanciu, Samantha A. Gnanasegaram, N. Brooks, Saeed Ahmed, Samuel Kohrman, N. Teja","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000E142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000E142","url":null,"abstract":"Cornel N Stanciu1*, Samantha A Gnanasegaram1, Nathaniel Brooks III2, Saeed Ahmed3, Samuel Kohrman1 and Nikhil Teja1 1Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA 2Department of Psychiatry East Carolina University / Vidant Medical Center, Greenville, North Carolina, USA 3Department of Psychiatry Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, New York, USA *Corresponding author: Cornel N Stanciu, MD, MRO, Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA, Tel: 2527513554; E-mail: corneliu.n.stanciu@hitchcock.org","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86597358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addiction: Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea","authors":"V. Agarwal","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000300","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83839124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposing a Psychological Autopsy Procedure for Post Mortem Examination of Accidental Fatal Overdose Cases","authors":"A. Håkansson, Ellen Gerle","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000308","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological autopsies have been suggested and used for clinical and forensic investigation, as well as for research purposes, in investigation surrounding a completed suicide. While accidental drug overdose death constitutes a major clinical and forensic challenge, psychological autopsy rarely has been mentioned as a potential tool in post mortem investigations of these causes of death. This is in contrast to the high number of established risk factors described in the literature on drug overdose deaths. Consequently, based on the vast literature on overdose risk factors, we here propose the use of psychological autopsies for the investigation of events and circumstances preceding cases of overdose death.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72811861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GABAergic Neurons as Putative Neurochemical Substrate Mediating Aversive Effects of Nicotine.","authors":"Ozra Dehkordi,&nbsp;Jed E Rose,&nbsp;Richard M Millis,&nbsp;Maryam Mehdipour Dalivand,&nbsp;Shereé M Johnson","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nicotine, the main addictive component of tobacco smoke, has both rewarding and aversive properties. Recent studies have suggested that GABAergic neurons, one of the main neurochemical components of the reward-addiction circuitry, may also play a role in the aversive responses to nicotine. In the present study of transgenic mice expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in Glutamate Decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) neurons, we hypothesized that a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) are the targets of aversive doses of nicotine in the CNS. We tested this hypothesis using c-Fos immunohistochemical techniques to identify GAD67-GFP positive cells within the VTA, that are activated by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a low (40 ug/kg) or a high (2 mg/kg) dose of nicotine. We also assessed the anatomical location of GAD67-GFP positive cells with respect to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) Immunoreactive (IR) dopaminergic cells in VTA. Consistent with our previous studies low- and high-dose nicotine both induced c-Fos activation of various intensities at multiple sites in VTA. Double labeling of c-Fos activated cells with GAD67-GFP positive cells identified a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in Substantia Nigra Compact part Medial tier (SNCM) that were activated by high- but not by low-dose nicotine. Of 217 GABAergic cells counted at this site, 48.9% exhibited nicotine induced c-fos immunoreactivity. GAD67-GFP positive cells in other regions of VTA were not activated by the nicotine doses tested. Double labeling of GAD67-GFP positive cells with TH IR cells showed that the GABAergic neurons that were activated by high-dose nicotine were located in close proximity to the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra compact part and VTA. Dose-dependent activation of GAD67-GFP positive neurons in SNCM, by a nicotine dose known to produce aversive responses, implies that GABAergic neurons at these sites may be an important component of the nicotine aversive circuitry.</p>","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-6488.1000312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36313000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illegality of Hashish Usage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"L. Hendricks, Omaymah Radwan","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000296","url":null,"abstract":"The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is one of the Islamic countries that forbid narcotics as well as any harmful substances. KSA does impose harsh punishment to anyone involved with narcotics, whether they are dealers, smugglers, or users. Although Saudis know that these substances are forbidden by Saudi and Islamic laws, there are individuals that do use them regardless of the laws. In 2006, Statistics of the United Nations noted that the quantity seized from narcotics in the KSA alone exceeded the amount seized around the world. Based on the Statistics of General Directorate of Narcotics Control in the KSA, the narcotics most used in the country are hashish, khat, captagon and heroin. However, hashish usage in the kingdom has become the biggest issue that has faced Saudi Government. Statistics of Ministry of Interior in the KSA proved that 70 percent of hashish users were school students. Although using and cultivating hashish in this country is forbidden by law, dealers from different countries such as Afghanistan, Israel, Iran and Lebanon are smuggling it by sea or other borders. Some politicians stated that, the KSA is one of the targeted countries in this world and the enemies are trying to destroy its citizens. Hence, the Saudi Ministry of Interior established the General Directorate of Narcotics Control department to control the use of harmful substances and punish the narcotic offenders. It imposes harsh punishment for hashish dealers, smugglers and users. It also established specialized hospitals and treatment programs for hashish addicts as well as other drugs. Clearly, this research will provide beneficial information regarding the percentage of hashish addicts in the KSA, the reasons of using hashish among Saudi young and address the efforts of Saudi government against it.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89940857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Recovery for Alcohol and Problematic Drug Use Rehabilitation in Europe","authors":"Molina Fernandez Aj, F. GilRodriguez, Cuenca Montesino Ml","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000320","url":null,"abstract":"Last years, several drug policies have integrated Recovery topic, about operative way to increase quality standards of life for rehabilitation of addictive behaviors, based on holistic approach in Bio psychosocial Model of addictive problem with Recovery concept. Social Recovery is actually considered as a basic topic in rehabilitation of drug problems, but it is not mainly offered in several countries around Europe. Goal of this article is to review Recovery concept in its actual perspective for alcohol and other addictive behaviors in different European countries.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72977449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concept Analysis: Intention to Drugs Avoidance in Adolescents","authors":"Pichet Suwanchinda, W. Suttharangsee, Vineekarn Kongsuwan","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000313","url":null,"abstract":"Intention to avoid drugs is a concept which at the same time is ambiguous and vague in regards to narcotic nursing especially in adolescents’. The study aimed to analyze the concepts of intentions to avoid drugs, and to clarify definitions, descriptions, terminology and the boundaries of the concepts by using the conceptual analysis of Walker and Avant 2005. Determining the purpose of the analysis to identify the use of searchable concepts, defining the attributes of the concept, identifying sample cases, correlating and contrasting cases, identifying pre and post effects and the determination can be used in developing a tool. Result: In the concept analysis of intention to avoid drugs, the definition of intention to avoid drugs are three attributes: (1) self-control and motivation to stay away from drugs and not take drugs, (2) commitment to stay away from drugs and not taken drugs even in difficult situations, and (3) willingness to stay away from drugs and not taken drugs. Conclusion: The characterize of intentions of avoiding drugs are three attributes: the motivation to avoid drugs, commitment to avoiding drugs even in difficult situations and the willingness to avoid drugs. The attributes found in this study could be used to develop tools to measure the outcomes of research and development.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"86 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77306151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}