Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence最新文献

{"title":"Hazardous Substance Use among People with Psychiatric Disabilities Visiting Day Centers","authors":"M. Eklund, A. Öjehagen","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000305","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: People who suffer from psychiatric illness have a more than doubled lifetime risk of acquiring an alcohol or drug use disorder. Furthermore, hazardous substance use impairs treatment outcomes and protracts the duration of illness among people with mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate substance use among people with psychiatric disabilities receiving municipality-based mental health services, any associations to socio-demographic and well-being variables, to diagnosis or to level of functioning, and any changes at a 15-month follow-up. \u0000Methods: One-hundred-and-twenty-three persons with psychiatric disabilities but no diagnosed substance use disorder participated and completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) at baseline and the follow-up. Self-report questionnaires were employed to estimate different aspects of well-being in terms of quality of life and self-rated health. Level of functioning and severity of psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. \u0000Results: Nineteen percent of participants had hazardous use of alcohol (14%) or drugs (5%) at baseline, while 23% did not use alcohol and 89% did not use drugs. Since only few participants reported drug use, inferential analyses concentrated on alcohol use. Participants with a foreign origin and lower education were less likely to exhibit alcohol use, including hazardous alcohol use. Sex and age were unrelated to alcohol use, as were the wellbeing variables, level of functioning, symptom severity and self-reported diagnosis. Alcohol and drug use patterns were stable at the follow-up. \u0000Conclusion: The findings contribute with knowledge about hazardous substance use among people with psychiatric disabilities and indicate that preventive measures are warranted within the municipality-based mental health services. Staff in the municipality-based mental health services must stay alert on this issue and screening for hazardous use of alcohol and drugs should be considered.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90858060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT): Overview and Provider’s Perspective","authors":"J. Bouret","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000302","url":null,"abstract":"The current opioid crisis or epidemic necessitates that providers, families, and patients should all be familiar with the various modalities of treatment that are available for the opioid dependent individual. Abuse of illicit and prescription opioids has caused the deaths of over 600,000 Americans from 1999 to 2016, with close to 150 deaths daily [1]. In the U.S. opioid use disorders (OUDs) have become epidemic in the past two decades. In 2015 there were 12,727 deaths in the U.S. from natural or semisynthetic opioids, and 12,989 deaths due to heroin. Excluding methadone this represents a 72.2% increase over 2014 in the death rate due to synthetic opioids such as fentanyl [2].","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87575819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Oral and Dental Diseases and Oral Hygiene Practices among Illicit Drug Abusers","authors":"Hossain Kms, Kakoli As, Mesbah Fb, Mian Ah","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There has been increasing incidence of addiction to certain illicit drugs amongst people belonging to various strata of society, particularly among young people in Bangladesh, as well as in western countries. Drug abuse results in several direct consequences including multiple physical and mental problems such as cardiac crisis, respiratory depression, liver cirrhosis, nephropathy, infectious diseases such as hepatitis, AIDS, and tuberculosis, injury-associated disability, mental disorders such as depression, and oral health problems. Illicit drugs abusers’ health related published data available worldwide but considering the geographical disparity, such as types of drugs, pattern of use, and duration of use, environment and physiology (race) and so on, no study has been performed in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of oro-dental diseases and explore attitudes towards oral hygiene practices among a group of illicit drug abusers so that required interventions can be planned for the good health of those who are in addicts with illicit drugs in this region. \u0000Materials and methods: This study was comprised of 120 drug addicts admitted in a drug rehabilitation centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data so obtained was subjected to analysis using SPSS version 20.0. Percentage and mean ± standard deviation was calculated and Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. \u0000Result: Most of the participants were involved in more than one drug abuse and the most abused drugs were heroin (55.1%), cannabis (ganja) (43.2%) and methamphetamine (yaba) (30.5%). Oral hygiene practices of the drug users were alarming where 76.7% of the participants reported brushing their teeth on an incorrect schedule (Before breakfast/after every meal) and incorrect frequency of time of brushing while only 22.6% of the participant brushed in correct schedule of brushing (After breakfast and before sleep at night). Ignorance about oral health (48%), moneyfear (32%) and money-bad experience (25%) are the obstacles for the respondents to visiting a dentist among them More than two-thirds of drug users were affected by dental caries, with a mean DMFT score of 5.0 (sd 2.29), Bleeding, shallow pockets and deep pockets were found as the highest CPI finding in 68%, 57% and 12% of drug users respectively. Oral mucosal examination revealed gingivitis, xerostomia (dry mouth syndrome) and meth mouth (bruxism, excessive tooth wear, xerostomia, and rampant caries) were 35.8%, 18.3% and 8.3% respectively. Significant relationship was found in case duration of drugs abused with oral health condition. \u0000Conclusion: Drug abuse is detrimental to oral health, so abusers need to be more aware of the dangerous effects of drugs.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87537310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of Substances of Abuse Detection in Hair by Biochips Array Technology","authors":"A. Ragab, M. K. Al-Mazroua, Mona A. El-Harouny, Moustafa M. Afify, Mohamed Omran, Calrole Katbai, Mohamed A Al-Qurnay, Ismaiel Al Saeed, Faisyl Al-Zweide","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000299","url":null,"abstract":"Using hair as a biological specimen to analyze drug abuse has been receiving elevated attention during last years because of flexibility of collection procedure and because hair does not autolysis like other body fluids or tissues. Hair testing provides a broad-spectrum detection window after drug exposure than urine testing. Hair analysis has specific criteria that it provides a way of obtaining information that cannot be acquired by other commonly used forensic toxicology analytical procedures, such as blood or urine analysis. In the hair matrix, many xenobiotics are trapped permanently, in disparity to the situation with blood or urine where they are only identifiable for a few hours or days. Subsequently substance of abuse detection by hair analysis should be the target procedure in the clinical and forensic toxicology aspect when the evaluation of repeated or chronic exposure to a drug is indicated, e.g. in the case of pre-employment/workplace testing, criminal affairs or a driving license restoration. In the current study, seventy cases of the application of hair analyses using this technique for the determination of substances of abuse (opiates, cannabis, amphetamine, barbiturate, benzodiazepines, and cocaine) are investigated. Analytical toxicology procedure for detection of substance of abuse is critical important: Biochips array technology that confirmed with GC/MS has proved to be a highly sensitive and specific technique for the detection of substances of abuse at very low concentrations in hair except for cannabis.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73539144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Link between Beer Consumption and Economic Conditions in Canada: A Panel Data Analysis","authors":"D. Cho, Tomson Ogwang","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000298","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we examine the link between beer sales, unemployment and other economic variables in Canada using provincial level panel data at monthly frequencies for the period from January 2000 to December 2010. Our panel cointegration test results indicate a stable long-run relationship between beer sales per-capita and the economic variables considered. When we account for this cointegration by specifying panel error correction models we find strong evidence that beer sales in Canada are pro-cyclical with per-capita sales increasing during good economic times as indicated by the levels of unemployment and average hourly earnings. We also find strong evidence of habit persistence in Canadian beer sales as would be expected for an addictive product. The policy implications of these results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"71 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83992264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors that Make Thai Teenagers Drink Alcohol","authors":"Katekanok Chumpradit, Suphanit Chansong","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000297","url":null,"abstract":"Thailand teenagers currently have more alcohol consumption habits. Especially in the younger age group, which the government has banned the sales of alcohol to children under 18 years old. However, the legislation was not applicable in practice. This research was a quantity research that aimed to correlate the relationship of factors that affected the alcohol consumption of Chiang Mai teenagers. The sample group consisted of 400 teenagers, who drink alcohol. The questionnaires were administered to collect data that, in turn, were analysed using multiple regressions in order to forecast the relationship of the variables that influence alcohol consumption among adolescents in Chiang Mai. Even though Thailand launched many campaigns about avoiding drinking alcohol or noticed the penalty for drinking alcohol, the results of the research found that the scores of the alcohol consumption among teenagers who live in Chiang Mai were higher than the overall average score. It can be seen that firstly, it is showed that more than half of the sample group consumed alcohol because of their friends as they wanted to be part of a group. Secondly, they had the wrong attitude that drinking alcohol made them cool. Finally, they drank alcohol because of family background or personal problems.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74228812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Binge Drinking and Military Setting","authors":"L. Shelef, S. Barak, T. Shmueli, Y. Santo, N. Yavnai","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000295","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of the present study was to examine patterns of binge drinking at military service.Method: 612 paired soldiers serving in the Israeli Defense Forces. Data consisted of self-report questionnaires demographic variables.Findings: Higher rates of binge drinking were found among males, lower education, and lower intellectual scores. Among the 67 soldiers in combat units a significant correlation of 0.32, between those who reported binge drinking at recruitment and those who reported binge drinking at discharge, was found.Conclusion: Rereported binge drinking among combat soldiers did not increase over the course of their military service.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"141 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86015822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shining Light into the Darkness of Addiction","authors":"Alisa Ray","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000317","url":null,"abstract":"I read and re-read Guy du Plessis’ challenging and fascinating book “An Integral Foundation for Addiction Treatment” and had the experience of concepts coming in and out of focus as objects may appear and disappear in the headlights of a car making its way along a road into an unknown landscape. I am no academic in the field of addiction, nor in integral theory nor a recovering addict. I have however been touched very directly by the devastation that addiction causes having lost dear friends over the years and I too can sense the addict part of myself. I also facilitate weekly art sessions in a recovery centre and the images that the clients have made came in and out of focus too as I read [1].","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75648220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic Exposure and Life Style Factors on Ageing Brain Neurodegenerative Disease, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s: Role of Natural Antioxidants to Ameliorate the Condition","authors":"N. Naha, Moitreyi Das, A. Banerjee","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000309","url":null,"abstract":"Toxic exposure is a major risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases in ageing brain such as, Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s (PD), where decline of biological activities in cellular microenvironment render the organism more susceptible to either endogenous or exogenous stressors especially free radical damage, leading to pathological conditions. PCBs, MPTP, organochlorines and organophosphates, paraquat, fipronil, pyrithroid, quinines, and metals like, lead, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, manganese, arsenic etc. are play the crucial role in age-related diseases, AD and PD. Further, the degree of changes in the ageing brain in these cases not only depends on toxic exposures and genetic susceptibility but also on food habit, life style (use of alcohol, smoking, caffeine), environment etc. Certain antioxidants through diet can improve scenario of ageing brain and modulate specific molecular signalling. Therefore, this review briefly discusses the current status of the toxic exposure and life styles on ageing brain neurodegenerative diseases especially, AD and PD, and throws a light on the disease management through natural antioxidant supplements. For this purpose, data were searched through PubMed, MedLine, ResearchGate and Google using several combinations of terms pertaining to different aspects of oxidative modification in ageing brain, exposure of several toxicants and life style factors, AD and PD as well as natural antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"138 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76175107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Use Disorders: A Clinical Update","authors":"C. Stanciu","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000e143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000e143","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol remains the most widely abused substance world-wide with 86.8% of American adults having endorsed a lifetime use in 2013. Of these 8% meet criteria for an alcohol use disorder (AUD) [1]. The opioid epidemic has been the face of public health crisis due to its visible effects through overdose deaths however the number of individuals quietly dying from alcohol-related problems is high. In managing alcohol use disorders psychosocial modalities are strong adjuncts however when delivered alone, without pharmacotherapy, there is a 70% relapse risk. Unfortunately this is the case for a significant number of sufferers as only 3% receive FDA approved medications [2]. Alarmingly, 20% of healthcare providers never prescribed any. Reasons include lack of provider knowledge of available medications, dosing and guidelines and also lack of screening for alcohol use [3,4]. It is quite shocking that a medication class such as the statins with a NNT>100 [5] are widely used in our healthcare yet Naltrexone (NNT=12 in reducing heavy drinking and 20 for return to any drinking) and Acamprosate (NNT=12 for return to any drinking) are so underutilized [6].","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80138644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}