Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence最新文献_第4页

Cannabinoids in Opioid Addiction Treatment: Pharmacological Mechanisms 大麻素在阿片类药物成瘾治疗中的作用:药理机制

Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence Pub Date : 2019-03-28 DOI: 10.35248/2329-6488.19.7.325

Q. Zuo, Kelsey L. Tam, A. Bekker, Wanhong Zuo, J. Ye

引用次数: 1

A Narrative Review of Codeine and Preventive Measures in Mitigating against the Widespread of its Abuse and Misuse 可待因现状述评及防止其滥用和误用的预防措施

Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000323

Adeleke Olasunkanmi R, Ayenigbara Isreal O

{"title":"A Narrative Review of Codeine and Preventive Measures in Mitigating against the Widespread of its Abuse and Misuse","authors":"Adeleke Olasunkanmi R, Ayenigbara Isreal O","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000323","url":null,"abstract":"Codeine is a phenanthrene extracted naturally from opium; it can also be produced artificially by the methylation of morphine. Among opiate drugs, codeine is the most frequently consumed around the world, broadly used for its pain relieving, antitussive properties, and its ability to prevent diarrhea. The abuse of codeine products is a major developing general health challenge in numerous nations around the globe, this is because such items are available in the range of over the counter medications (OTC) which are consistently, and easily gotten in the market even without prescription. This paper discuses Codeine and the Preventive measures in mitigating against its Abuse and Misuse. It is a review study in which the prevalence rate of codeine misuse, motives for misuse of codeine, Side effects of codeine abuse and Prevention of codeine abuse was discussed extensively under; Pharmacovigilance, drug education, monitoring and screening. It was concluded that the importance and uses of codeine are numerous, but the abuse of codeine and codeine products, for example the codeine cough syrup is a general health problem all over the world, and it remains necessary that codeine is regulated in each respective countries to reduce the prevalence rate of its misuse and abuse.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91259073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Assessment of Retrospective and Current Substance Use in Women Who Inject Drugs in Low-Income Urban Settings in Kenya 肯尼亚低收入城市环境中注射毒品妇女的回顾性和当前物质使用评估

Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000324

C. Mwangi, S. Karanja, J. Gachohi, V. Wanjihia, Z. Ng'ang'a

{"title":"Assessment of Retrospective and Current Substance Use in Women Who Inject Drugs in Low-Income Urban Settings in Kenya","authors":"C. Mwangi, S. Karanja, J. Gachohi, V. Wanjihia, Z. Ng'ang'a","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000324","url":null,"abstract":"Women who inject drugs (WWIDs) continue to experience challenges that accumulate their risk to HIV transmission and other co-morbidities. However, data that conceptually link diverse substance use dimensions in WWIDs are lacking particularly in developing countries. We assessed retrospective and current substance use among 306 WWIDs in low-income urban settings in Kenya using mixed methods. Descriptive analyses were performed on quantitative data while qualitative narratives revealed insights from quantitative findings. The mean age of the study participants was 17 (range 11, 30) years. Out of the 306 WWIDs 57% commenced with substance use by combining both licit and illicit drugs. Intimate sexual partners including spouses and casual sex partners introduced seventy-four percent of WWIDs to substance use. Majority of the WWIDs (39.9%) commenced with 2- way substance combination with bhang and cigarette having the highest usage. However, 4-way substance combinations containing heroin, cigarette, bhang, valium, Rohypnol had the highest frequency (12.8%) at the time of the survey. Varied routes of heroin administration were mentioned including injection, smoking and sniffing as separate routes and as 2-way or 3-way mode combinations of these. To inform policies targeting the health and rights of girls and women in low income settings, this study recommends urgent upstream policies targeting the girl adolescent life in form of a multifunctional package composed of identifying girls at risk, substance use interventions, sexual health education, improved educational attainment, and progressive social policies that target low social economic status in the adolescent phase. Harm reduction programs in Kenya should target people who use heroin through both injection and non-injection modes of administration.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89330801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Blood, Liver and Kidney Tissues under the Effect of Tramadol Treatment 曲马多治疗对血、肝、肾组织血液学及生化的影响

Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2329-6488.19.7.326

A. O. Owoade, A. Adetutu, O. S. Olorunnisola

{"title":"Hematological and Biochemical Changes in Blood, Liver and Kidney Tissues under the Effect of Tramadol Treatment","authors":"A. O. Owoade, A. Adetutu, O. S. Olorunnisola","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.19.7.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.19.7.326","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effects of tramadol administration on some haematological and biochemical indices in rats. Tramadol was administered orally to rats for 28 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight/day, 50 mg/kg body weight/day and 100 mg/kg body weight/day. Twenty-four hours after the last tramadol, blood, liver and kidney were removed from the animals after an overnight fast and analysed for their haematological and biochemical parameters. Results obtained revealed that tramadol administration significantly reduced the levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin and platelet count (PLT) while its resulted in non-significant changes in other haematological parameters examined when compared with control rats. Tramadol intake significantly increased plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and urea while its reduced total protein levels. Hepatic and renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were significantly increased by tramadol administration while levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were reduced. This study confirmed the risk of increased oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity due to tramadol administration. Although tramadol is reported to be effective in pain management, its toxicity should be kept in mind.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85198886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Anti-Sense in the Ventral Tegmental Area Reduces Alcohol Drinking 腹侧被盖区醛脱氢酶2反义减少饮酒

Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2329-6488.19.7.327

I. Diamond, P. Fan, M. Arolfo, L. Yao

{"title":"Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Anti-Sense in the Ventral Tegmental Area Reduces Alcohol Drinking","authors":"I. Diamond, P. Fan, M. Arolfo, L. Yao","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.19.7.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.19.7.327","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We have reported that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) inhibitors suppress alcohol seeking and drinking in rats even in the absence of alcohol and acetaldehyde. These behavioural changes suggest that ALDH2 in brain could be a target for ANS-6637 inhibition to suppress alcohol seeking and drinking. Here we ask whether ALDH2-RNA anti-sense administered directly into the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) also reduces alcohol drinking. Methods: A recombinant adenoviral vector expressing rat AGS3 and specific RNA antisense against ALDH2 was injected into the VTA of actively drinking alcohol-preferring (iP) rats in a 2-bottle choice study with 10% alcohol (v/v) and water. Controls received scrambled RNA. Alcohol consumption was assayed before and after adenoviral injection. Histology confirmed cannulae implantation. Results: ALDH2 antisense microinjected in the VTA of alcohol-drinking iP rats reduces alcohol intake when compared with baseline drinking prior to antisense microinjection. Controls are unaffected. Reduction occurs between days 5 and 12 post-ALDH2 antisense microinjection with maximal effects on days 7 and 9 (31% from baseline). Rats recover baseline alcohol intake values by day 16. Conclusions: The major finding is that ALDH2 antisense in the VTA appears to reduce alcohol drinking. Consistent with previous results suggesting that ALDH2 inhibitors might reduce drinking by acting in the brain, this observation with ALDH2 antisense suggests that ALDH2 in the VTA may be an important target for pharmacologic ALDH2 inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80407342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prediction of Risky Alcohol Use among Ugandan Youth: A Case Study of at Marie Stopes and Youth Reproductive Health Clinics 预测乌干达青年的危险酒精使用:在玛丽斯托普斯和青年生殖健康诊所的案例研究

Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000322

D. Ayebare, Aloysius Rukundo, E. Mulogo, M. Ntaro, K Imelda, G. Ruzaaza

{"title":"Prediction of Risky Alcohol Use among Ugandan Youth: A Case Study of at Marie Stopes and Youth Reproductive Health Clinics","authors":"D. Ayebare, Aloysius Rukundo, E. Mulogo, M. Ntaro, K Imelda, G. Ruzaaza","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000322","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alcohol use imposes a significant global burden of disease among the youth. Objective: We investigated the level and risk factors of alcohol use among the youth seeking health services at Marie Stopes Uganda (MSU) and Reproductive Health Uganda (RHU) clinics in Mbarara Municipality, Southwestern Uganda. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at Marie Stopes Uganda (MSU) and Reproductive Health Uganda (RHU) Clinics in Mbarara Municipality, southwestern Uganda. 336 youth attending the MSU and RHU clinics for health care services between August 1, 2012 and September 1, 2012 were included in the study.. We used the AUDIT to examine alcohol use. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to test the study objectives. Results: About 80% of youth reported any alcohol use (n=270). Residing closer to the source of alcohol drank in the past fortnight, history of familial alcohol misuse, other substance use and being employed youth were positively associated with alcohol use. Conclusion: Prevalence of alcohol use among the youth was found to be high. Residing closer to the source of alcohol, history of familial alcohol misuse, other substance use and being employed bear implications for alcohol use.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75442797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Comparison of Nutritional Status and Food Insecurity among People Who Inject Illicit Drugs, Non Drug Users and Those on Methadone Treatment in Selected Areas of Nairobi, Kenya 肯尼亚内罗毕选定地区注射毒品者、非吸毒者和美沙酮治疗者营养状况和粮食不安全状况的比较

Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000319

V. Wanjihia, E. Muniu, M. Mwangi, C. Mwangi, R. Mutisya, P. Ndemwa, F. Kiplamai

引用次数: 2

Ethical Considerations for Alcohol Researchers in their Relation towards Policy Makers 酒精研究人员与政策制定者关系中的伦理考虑

Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence Pub Date : 2018-04-29 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000311

H. Garretsen, I. Goor, D. Mheen

{"title":"Ethical Considerations for Alcohol Researchers in their Relation towards Policy Makers","authors":"H. Garretsen, I. Goor, D. Mheen","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000311","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol policy research all over the world is often funded by national or local governments. Researchers involved may be confronted with several ethical questions. These questions can have quite a different character. Ethical questions may have a severe character that can be quite “clear” for the researchers involved. Miller et al. [1] for instance recently studied interference of funders, like governments or industrial and charitable organizations, in addiction research. Results show that activities occur such as censorship of research outputs, interference with the wording in reports and articles and interventions in when and how findings are released. Governments funding policy research may interfere in a way as described by Miller et al. [1]. but also less obvious ethical issues may occur: What if the research question is formulated in a “questionable” or “suggestive” way? What if policy makers deliberately ignore results of scientific research? The purpose of this contribution is to elaborate on these less obvious ethical issues, not primarily to give clear-cut answers but to raise consciousness and stimulate reflection and debate among researchers and policy makers.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91149997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reasons of Relapse in Hindrance or Treatment in Substance Related Addictive Disorder: A Qualitative Study 物质相关成瘾障碍复发或治疗的原因:一项质性研究

Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence Pub Date : 2018-04-28 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000310

Anam Shahid Mughal

{"title":"Reasons of Relapse in Hindrance or Treatment in Substance Related Addictive Disorder: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Anam Shahid Mughal","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000310","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences of patients with substance related addictive disorder and the focus of this study was given to the causes of relapse and multiple admissions in hospital and what factors are the hindrance in their treatment. Triangulation method was used for data collection; both personal interviews and focus group was conducted by using criterion sampling. Detailed semi-structured interview using open ended questions were carried out with eight individuals who was already admitted in Punjab Institute of Mental Health. Focus group was also carried out with the same participants. Responses were recorded and their reported experiences were written in their verbatim and through content analysis themes were explored until emerging themes were saturated. Results of interview and focus group revealed that the major issues of their multiple admissions in hospital for quitting drugs and the causes of hindrance in their treatment are peer pressure, lack of assertiveness, lack of family belief, easy availability of the drugs and the results of content analyses were the major themes and that are their age at the time of first intake, what was the reason of first intake, current age of participants, mode of intake, frequency of taking drugs, reasons of intake, what are the reasons of relapse are and what are the reasons of treatment are seeking now.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81507573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Restriction of Hours of Sales and Liquors: Lima 2010-17: Traffic Accidents (TA) and other Violent Deaths 限制销售和酒类时间:利马2010-17年:交通事故和其他暴力死亡

Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence Pub Date : 2018-03-10 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000306

H. Málaga, G. Palza, M. Huánuco, J. Ñañez, J. Ronceros

{"title":"The Restriction of Hours of Sales and Liquors: Lima 2010-17: Traffic Accidents (TA) and other Violent Deaths","authors":"H. Málaga, G. Palza, M. Huánuco, J. Ñañez, J. Ronceros","doi":"10.4172/2329-6488.1000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6488.1000306","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Determine the relationship between the hours of sale of spirits \"Safe Time\" and those killed by traffic accidents (TA). \u0000 \u0000Material and methods: descriptive research based on the monthly report made by the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima (LM), from the database of the Institute of Legal Medicine registered from 2011 to 2017, with a unit and bivariate analysis characterizing TA, deceased and its relationship with the time of occurrence, day of the week, sex and age, alcohol consumption and data from the National Police of Peru, on frequency of AT and age and sex of deceased. \u0000 \u0000Results: It is evident that there is a relationship between the variables, considering also that the growth of the vehicle fleet is parallel to the TA. Thus, the department of Lima has a frequency of cases and deaths lower than expected, showing that it is necessary to measure the occurrence by districts. 67% between 26 to 60 years and in the rest of the country 57%, with fewer young men dying. Temporary deaths decreased every day of the week and hours at dawn. The highest frequency of deaths is related to the number of hours spent selling liquor. \u0000 \u0000Conclusions: The decrease in deaths due to AT in LM is lower than in other countries, possibly due to the lack of commitment of some of the 43 municipalities; however, the change in age and sex after the intervention is like that in Cali. The \"safe time\" has evidence for its application throughout the country.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82502423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3