Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Energy Drink on Glomerular Parameters and its Conservation by Vitamin D3","authors":"S. Bano, H. Bokhari","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.21.9.362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.21.9.362","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Use of energy drinks is increasing now a days and red bull is common brand used by youth that causes nephrotoxicity. Therefore present study was conducted to observe conservative effect of vitamin D3 on renal histomorphological changes induced by EDs. Study design: Laboratory based experimental study. Place and duration of study: The research was carried out from 1st august to 30th September 2019 at National institute of health (NIH), Islamabad. Material and Method: Total thirty adult male albino rats were divided into 3 groups, each group containing ten rats. Group A was control group while rats in group B received 3.57ml/kg body weight red bull that corresponds to one can of ED (250ml) in humans orally for 8 weeks. Rats in group C received 3.57ml/kg body weight red bull along with 5000 IU/kg body weight vitamin D3 orally for 8 weeks. After completion of 8 weeks rats were sacrificed their right kidneys were removed and Slides were prepared using PAS stain. Readings were taken through image j software and results were analyzed by SPSS. Results: The results demonstrated that in group B use of red bull for 8 weeks resulted in decrease in radius and diameter of glomerular along with widening of bowman capsule space. In group C radius of glomerulus, diameter of glomerulus and bowman capsule space was near to control group. This showed that vitamin D3 conserved glomerulus histology significantly in group C and prevented renal damage (P≤0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, vitamin D3 is having noticeable conservative effect in preventing renal histomorphological changes caused energy drink.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86451315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol in Immune Defense","authors":"M. Naassila","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.21.9.E107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.21.9.E107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88941576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Researchers Unlock the Key that Could Lead to the Development of Non-Opioid Painkillers to Treat Chronic Pain","authors":"M. Naassila","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.21.9.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.21.9.359","url":null,"abstract":"The new study, led by world-renowned drug researchers from the Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS) and the Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute (BDI), has demonstrated a new mode of targeting the adenosine A1 receptor protein, which has long been recognized as a promising therapeutic target for non-opioid painkillers to treat neuropathic pain but for which the development of painkillers had failed due to a lack of sufficient on-target selectivity, as well as undesirable adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81527513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Hallucinogenic Psychedelic Analog Reverses Effects of Stress in Mouse Study","authors":"T. Kwong","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.21.9.E113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.21.9.E113","url":null,"abstract":"A single dose of tabernanthalog (TBG) promotes the formation of dendritic spines in cortical neurons of mice.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"102 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78174317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Class III Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH3) in Renal Pathological Changes Induced by Chronic Alcohol Consumption in Mice","authors":"Midori Katsuyama, Takahisa Okuda, Y. Sasaki, M. Ishizaki, Kentaro Wada, Motoyo Maruyama, T. Akimoto, Y. Ohno, T. Haseba","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.21.9.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.21.9.340","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Our study investigated ADH3 role in renal pathological changes induced by chronic alcohol consumption (CAC). Methods: Nine-week-old malewild-type (WT) and ADH3-deficient (Adh3−/−) mice were administered 10% ethanol solution for 1 month. Renal histological and ultrastructural analyses were performed by light microscopy on periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining and electron microscopy. The tissue ADH3 localization was examined by immunohistochemistry using a specific antibody against mouse ADH3. Urine and serum biochemical analyses were performed. Results: The PAS-stained microvilli in the proximal tubules were significantly low in the WT mice after CAC (WT (E)) as compared to the Adh3−/− mice (Adh3−/− (E)). The electron microscopy revealed vacuolization, nuclear apoptosis, mitochondrial decay, loss of microvilli in the proximal tubulesin the WT (E) mice, foot process effacement and epithelial cells apoptosis in the glomeruli. In the Adh3−/− (E) mice, loss of PAS staining in the proximal tubules and significant ultrastructure changes were not observed, except for mitochondrial decay in the proximal tubules. ADH3 was localized in proximal tubules, consistent with the pathomorphological changes characteristic of the site in the WT (E) mice. CAC increased urinary albumin and total protein levels CAC in the WT mice, but not in the Adh3−/− mice. These biochemical data demonstrate increased glomerular permeability in the WT (E) mice, foot process effacement and apoptosis of epithelial cells in the glomeruli. Conclusions: ADH3 causes renal proximal tubules pathological changes by metabolizing alcohol in this site and increased glomerular permeability during CAC. Thus, ADH3 exacerbates alcoholic kidney disorders.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88206633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Substance use and Psychiatric Co Morbidity among Substance users Attending A Mental Health Facility in Damaturu, North East Nigeria: Outcome of A Two Year Retrospective Review","authors":"Oderinde Ko, A. Ko, Aina Io, Adayonfo Eo, A. Obadeji, Dada Mu, Kundius Bm, Ahmed Hk, Ezra-Oderinde We","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.20.8.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.20.8.330","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The use of psychoactive substances is a major global public health problem and is associated with psychosocial, economic and mental health consequences. The occurrence of co-morbidity with substance use disorders has been shown to make diagnosis of either condition problematic, worsen prognosis, linked with poorer compliance to treatment and associated with an overall increase in morbidity and mortality. Not much is known about the pattern of substance use and accompanying co morbidity in this geopolitical zone of the country, hence this study. Aims and objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the co morbidity and associated clinico-demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with substance use disorder (dependence syndrome) in a tertiary health institution in Damaturu, North East Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review between May 2017 and April 2019 of case notes of patients and extracted socio demographic, clinical and drug related data from their clinical records. The study participants consisted of eighty eight (88) patients and the participants included in the study met ICD-10 diagnostic criteria of dependence syndrome. Data analyses were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Results: Majority of the respondents were male 85/88 (96.6%), adolescents and young adults 65/88 (73.9%), had friends using substances 82/88 (93.2%), were daily multiple times user 61/88 (69.3%) and had previous history of substance use 74/88 (84.1). Indian hemp is the most widely used substance among the participants and almost half of the participants 36/88 (40.9%) reported “feeling high” as the reason for substance use. Depression was the commonest psychiatric co morbidity among the substance users 43/88 (48.9%), followed by bipolar disorders 14/88 (15.9%) and schizophrenia 11/88 (12.5%). Peer pressure influence, co morbidity and reason for substance use were significantly associated with substance use. Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest the need for psycho educational programmes that will target young adults and adolescents who have increased propensity to use substances. Continuous research in substance use disorders will also help in monitoring trends and formulating adequate strategies for control of substance use.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78440742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Use Disorders among Adult Outpatient Attendees in Urban Primary Care Clinics in Miri Sarawak, East Malaysia","authors":"M. S. Utap, Dalyana Hamid, Norita Yasmin Asrani, Noorul Amilin Sulaiman, Shazimah Abdul Rahman, Rudy Ngau Ajeng, Gerard Loh, Sam-Soon Lee","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.20.8.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.20.8.336","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Malaysia, the prevalence of current adult alcohol drinker was 8.4%. However, there is no known published data on the prevalence of alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder among adult outpatient attendees in primary care clinic in Miri Sarawak, East Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder and its associated factors among adult outpatient attendees in urban primary care clinics in Miri Sarawak, Malaysia. Methods: We conducteda cross sectional study in two urban primary care clinics in Miriusing simple random sampling method. The validated AUDIT-10 questionnaire was used to determine alcohol consumption, hazardous, dependence and harmful use. Results: 404 subjects were selected into the study.46.3% were current alcohol drinkers,90.1% were low risk drinker,9.2% were hazardous drinker and 0.7% were harmful drinker. There was a statistically significant association between alcohol consumption and male, Iban ethnicity, Christianity, Buddhism and secondary school level. Hazardous and harmful drinking were significantly associated with male and Iban. Conclusions: There is high prevalence of alcohol consumption but low prevalence of alcohol use disorder among adult outpatient attendees in the urban primary care clinics in Miri.Increase public awareness of existing policies and alcohol intervention programmed in the primary care clinic, residential areas particularly the Iban long houses, secondary schools and place of worship against hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder is recommended.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87957924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions, Practices and Prevalence Of Psychoactive Substances Among Students In The Faculty Of Medical Sciences, University Of The West Indies St Augustine Campus, Trinidad And Tobago","authors":"R. Khan","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.20.8.328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.20.8.328","url":null,"abstract":"This paper highlights the attitudes and practices of university students enrolled in the faculty of medical sciences regarding substance abuse. The cross sectional study was conducted over six months in which 308 students responded to a questionnaire distributed via email and social media. The 1-month prevalence rate for alcohol and cigarette use was found to be 53% and 9.1% respectively. Binge drinking had a prevalence of 29.0%. Marijuana was the second most frequently used drug with a 1-month prevalence of 13.4%. In general, alcohol was the most frequently used substance followed by marijuana. The participants showed a positive attitude towards the use of marijuana. While the use of tranquilizers, stimulants and cocaine was present, it was relatively low compared to the other substances.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"14 27 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80676346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability of Structural Equation Modeling in Practice of Optimal Dietary Intake amongst Recuperating Alcoholics","authors":"L. Mutuli, P. Bukhala","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.20.8.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.20.8.331","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Structural equation modeling is a methodology for representing, estimating, and testing a network of relationships between measured variables and latent constructs. This statistical approach is used quite readily to test theoretical models and provide overall fit indices that determine whether the model tested actually fits the observed data. Objective: We aimed at providing recuperating alcoholics with the basics of structural equation modeling so they can assimilate evidence from studies that use this statistical tool to incorporate such findings into optimal dietary intake practice. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2018 amongst recuperating alcoholics receiving rehabilitation in Asumbi treatment center of Homabay County, Kenya. Structural equation modeling determined the evidence of practice of optimal dietary intake amongst recuperating alcoholics. Results: Structural model parameter estimation showed high values, especially for subjective norm (β=0.62, p<0.01, n=207) that significantly influenced practice of optimal dietary intake. Conclusion: Nutritionist or other health professionals who wish to use SEM to explore such relations should apply all the steps used in SEM and ensure they have a sample that is sufficient.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89048075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlate of Personality Traits and Parenting Styles with Relapse in Alcohol amongst Treated Alcoholic Patients","authors":"O. P. Chibuike, E. M. Sunday, Chime Peter Ekpunobi, Ozougwu Augustine Obumneme, Ofojebe Chukwuma Philip, E. Chukwunonye, Akpoke Victor Okorie","doi":"10.35248/2329-6488.20.8.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-6488.20.8.329","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alcohol is gateway for other substance use and probably abuse. The alarming rate of relapse in alcohol is the basis for this present study. Aim: The study was designed to evaluate the correlations between personality traits and parenting styles with relapse among alcohol abusers. Setting: The study was carried out at the Neuro-Psychiatric clinic Emene, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Method: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study of 50 relapse alcohol abusers/addicts comprised of 30 males and 20 females with the mean age of 22.48 and standard deviation of 4.05 on admission at clinic, using: The Big Five Inventory, Parental Care Scale and Mac-Andrew Alcoholism Scale (MAS). Survey design was used and correlational analysis was employed as the appropriate statistics for data analysis. Results: The result of the finding shows that there was no correlation between openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness personality traits and relapse in alcohol among psychiatric patients. On the contrary, the result of this study reveals that there is significant correlation between neuroticism and relapse in alcohol among participants. Besides, the findings of this study indicate that there is no significant correlation between authoritarian parenting and authoritative parenting styles and relapse in alcohol amongst participants; whereas, the result of this study shows that there is significant correlation between permissive parenting styles and relapse in alcohol amongst participants. Conclusion: It is obvious from the recent experience which prompted this study, that one of the most critical factors destroying youths today is substance abuse which alcohol is one of them. Relapse in alcohol can be prevented if psychological intervention is provided to strengthen the neurotic individuals and as well as if authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles are adopted early enough in the formation of children.","PeriodicalId":14921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82015559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}