Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Anaerobic rumen fungi and fungal direct-fed microbials\u0000in ruminant feeding","authors":"B. Król, M. Słupczyńska, M. Wilk, M. Asghar, P. Cwynar","doi":"10.22358/jafs/153961/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/153961/2022","url":null,"abstract":". The article discusses the importance and role of fungal direct-fed microbials (DFM) and anaerobic rumen fungi (ARF) in ruminants and their metabolic pathways of plant fibre decomposition, as well as rumen fermentation processes. ARF classification, enzymatic activity, impact on rumen metabolism, as well as fungal DFM and application of their metabolites in ruminant feeding are presented. The research area concerning ARF in ruminant feeding is gaining interest as the subject is still poorly elucidated. The latest research in the field of ruminant physiology and nutrition has pointed to a significant impact of ARF and fungal DFM on nutrient degradability, fermentation profile in the rumen, and animal performance. Although, the proportion of fungi in the total rumen microorganisms is low (approximately 8% of rumen biomass), they play a crucial role in generating a series of enzymes utilising difficult-to-debase compounds, such as cellulose, hemicelluloses and xylose. Although enzymes secreted by ARF are not able to degrade lignin, they can solubilise lignocellulosic complexes and expand the surface area for enzymatic activity. This leads to a better utilisation of fibrous feeds, increased nutrient digestibility, and enhanced rumen fermentation. A comprehensive description and discussion of these issues in the review provides an in-depth look at the role of ARF and the potential use of ARF as DFM in the ruminant nutrition in a-broad perspective.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42161996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Entodinium caudatum monocultures in an acidotic\u0000environment on in vitro rumen fermentation","authors":"M. Alatas, H. Arık, N. Gulsen, O. Kahraman","doi":"10.22358/jafs/152643/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/152643/2022","url":null,"abstract":". The study evaluated the effect of Entodinium caudatum on the prevention of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in vitro . Different proportions of wheat and corn [100% wheat (W); 75% wheat and 25% corn (W75); 50% wheat and 50% corn (WC); 75% corn and 25% wheat (C75); and 100% corn (C)] were used to create an in vitro acidotic environment. The activity of E. caudatum was determined by adding defaunated rumen fluid and protozoan monocultures to the substrates. The effect of E. caudatum monoculture on pH was insignificant, while a significant influence of grain type was observed on ammonia (NH 3 -N) formation. E. caudatum inoculation decreased lactic acid concentration throughout the incubation period and shortened the fermentation start time (lag time). The specific fermentation rate (SFR), which increased with the wheat ratio, was reduced by E. caudatum culture . The total gas production varied depending on the substrate and was increased by E. caudatum . Protozoan monoculture decreased propionic acid levels, while it increased methane production. As a result, E. caudatum stimulated earlier fermentation, but decreased lactic acid production by reducing SFR. It is believed that the instantenuous phagocytosis of E. caudatum (iodophilic storage) to digest starch particles prevents rapid bacterial fermentation in the rumen fluid, and thus limit lactic acid production. The results of this work may support future in vitro studies requiring E. caudatum monoculture, as well as in vivo studies investigating the effect of E. caudatum on the inhibition of SARA formation.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fibre-rich ingredient levels on goose growth\u0000performance, blood profile, foie gras quality\u0000and its fatty acid profile: a meta-analysis","authors":"Danung Nur Adli, O. Sjofjan, A. Irawan, D. Utama, M. Sholikin, R. Nurdianti, R. Nurfitriani, C. Hidayat, A. Jayanegara, S. Sadarman","doi":"10.22358/jafs/152621/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/152621/2022","url":null,"abstract":". A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of different sources and levels of dietary fibre-rich ingredients on the growth performance, foie gras quality, and its fatty acid profile in geese. Peer-reviewed articles were strictly evaluated, and selected according to the protocols of the Systematic Review for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE’). The final dataset consisted of 21 in vivo studies covering 83 treatment units. Meta-analysis was performed using a non-linear mixed model (NLME) library. The quadratic patterns ( P < 0.001) of the gain:feed ratios were calculated based on the result of meta-analyses of goose data. The linear patterns ( P < 0.001) of foie gras quality were also presented. It was concluded from the meta-analysis based on in vivo studies that fibre-rich ingredients effectively improved foie gras quality.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46658780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of differential meat quality traits with gut microbiota\u0000in Angus cattle and Xinjiang Brown cattle","authors":"Z. Chen, L. Chen, Y. Sun, N. Li, R. Chen, Y. Ma, W. Song, H. Shi, L. Xia, G. Yao","doi":"10.22358/jafs/153077/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/153077/2022","url":null,"abstract":". While most meat quality traits (MQTs) are investigated in Angus cattle (AG), the differences in MQTs and the relationship of MQTs with the gut microbiota between AG and Xinjiang brown cattle (XBC) have not yet been well elucidated. Fourteen heads of 24-month-old uncastrated AG and XBC males (7 in each group) reared under identical feeding condition were selected for MQT testing. The composition and structure of the gut microbiota were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of rectal faecal samples. The correlation between MQTs and the gut microbiota was analysed. The results showed that backfat thickness of XBC was significantly lower compared to AG, and the muscular fibre sectional area was significantly higher than that of AG. The composition of the gut microbiota showed that the relative abundance of the genus rc4_4 was significantly lower in XBC in relation to AG cattle ( P < 0.05) and Lefse analysis demonstrated that the family Peptostreptococcaceae were characteristic of the XBC gut. Thirteen genera of the gut microbiota significantly correlated with MQTs. The differential MQTs between Angus cattle and Xinjiang brow cattle related to fat metabolism/deposition were found to be associated with the relative abundance of certain gut microbial genera, which could serve as potential gut microbial biomarkers to assist in improving meat quality of Xinjiang brow cattle.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49558754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between cognitive functions, levels of NR2A\u0000and NR2B subunits of hippocampal NMDA receptors, serum\u0000TGF-β1 level, and oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fat diet","authors":"O. Elmas, P. Cenik, F. Şirinyıldız, S. Elmas, F. Şirin, G. Cesur","doi":"10.22358/jafs/152027/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/152027/2022","url":null,"abstract":". Although, excessive caloric intake is known to cause cognitive impairment, the possible mechanism behind this phenomenon is still unknown. Several studies have reported subunit composition changes in hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The aim of this study was to test whether potential changes in hippocampal NMDA receptor subunits, which could occur as a result of a HFD, were associated with cognitive impairment, and to investigate their relationship with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), a cytokine associated with inflammatory events and oxidative stress, which both have been shown to increase obesity. Two groups of rats were formed, one fed a HFD and the other standard chow. After feeding for 23 weeks, the rats’ cognitive functions were evaluated using the Morris water maze test. The hippocampi of rats were homogenized and the density of NR2A and NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors was determined. Serum levels of TGF-β1 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. While feeding a HFD caused cognitive impairment, decreased production of the hippocampal NR2B subunit protein, as well as increased serum TGF-β1 and MDA levels, it did not affect the production of the hippocampal NR2A subunit. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between impaired cognitive function and decreased NR2B concentration and increased MDA and TGF-β1 serum levels. Structural changes are likely to occur at the receptor level in the hippocampus as a result of events that increase oxidative stress and TGF-β1 levels in rats fed a HFD, thereby adversely affecting cognitive functions. TGF-β1 may be a signalling molecule that triggers cognitive impairment.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42572771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does humate supplementation affect ciliate population\u0000and fermentation parameters in the sheep rumen?","authors":"M. Majewska, A. Kędzierska, R. Miltko, G. Bełżecki, B. Kowalik","doi":"10.22358/jafs/153957/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/153957/2022","url":null,"abstract":". The objective of the study was to examine the effect of supplementing sheep diets with humic substances (HS) on the number of protozoa and short chain fatty acid and methane concentrations in the rumen. The experiment was carried out in three rumen-fistulated sheep. The control (CON) ration was composed of 59.70% hay and 40.30% concentrate. Two experimental diets consisting of the same components were supplemented with two doses of humic substrates, 10 (HS10) or 20 (HS20) g/day/animal. The population of total protozoa and the genera Entodinium and Isotricha in the rumen was the most abundant before feeding (0 h) and decreased 2 and 4 h after receiving the diets. The populations of total protozoa and the genus Entodinum in the rumen were more abundant 2 h after administration of HS10 and HS20 compared to CON. The counts of these groups of protozoa increased 8 h after feeding HS10 compared to CON and HS20. An interaction trend (sampling time × treatment) was detected in terms of the number of Isotricha spp. in the rumen. The postprandial (2 and 4 h) pH of the rumen was lower than 0 h and 8 h after feeding CON and HS. Short chain fatty acid concentration was higher 2 and 4 h after feeding compared to 0 h and 8 h postprandial. An interaction trend was as assessed based on acetic acid levels; the highest was observed 4 h after feeding HS20 and the lowest 8 h after feeding HS10. Butyrate concentration was lower 8 h after feeding compared to 2 and 4 h postprandial levels for sheep fed the CON and HS10 diets. Branched chain acid production was the lowest 8 h after feeding compared to 0 h and 2 h after HS10 administration. An interaction trend was observed for methane levels; the highest was showed 4 h after feeding HS20 and the lowest 8 h after feeding HS10 diets. HS supplemented to sheep diets increased the abundance of total protozoa and the genera Entodinium and Isotricha in the rumen. It seemed that humates could modify the production of acetate and methane in the rumen, as slight increases in these parameters were observed. This suggests that humic substances can intensify methanogenesis in the rumen.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45029931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natamycin added to maize silage does not adversely affect\u0000performance and voluntary feed intake of lambs","authors":"S. Pinto, J. Warth, P. Schmidt","doi":"10.22358/jafs/151924/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/151924/2022","url":null,"abstract":". Additives and inoculants are the focus of silage research, as new additives and their combinations can improve fermentation and silage quality. We performed two trials evaluating two doses (4 and 8 g/t, wet weight) of natamycin as an additive to maize silage compared to a control without supplementation. In the first trial, we assessed fermentation losses, yeast count, chemical composition, and aerobic stability of maize silages stored in pilot-scale silos using four replicates per treatment. The second trial was designed to evaluate the voluntary intake and performance of lambs fed the treated silages prepared in bunker silos. The lambs (10 lambs/treatment) were kept in individual pens and fed twice daily a total-mixed ration containing one of the treated silages. The highest dose of natamycin decreased dry matter and gas losses. The yeast count in the silages from the bunker silos tended to increase (r = 0.92) over the weeks. There was no significant difference in voluntary feed intake or average daily gain of lambs fed natamycin silages compared to the control silage. Since high natamycin doses caused a decrease in fermentation losses in maize silage and exerted no deleterious effects on animal performance, this bacteriocin may soon be considered a potential component of silage additives.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48323173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Ovsynch protocol on ovarian changes\u0000and pregnancy rates after first insemination in lactating cows\u0000with or without puerperal metritis","authors":"V. Juodžentis, J. Šiugždaitė, G. Palubinskas, D. Juodžentė, V. Žilaitis, N. Sutkevičienė, H. Zilinskas","doi":"10.22358/jafs/151567/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/151567/2022","url":null,"abstract":". The aim of this study was to determine how puerperal metritis affects pregnancy rates and ovarian changes in dairy cows synchronised with the Ovsynch protocol. The study included 72 cows, which were divided into two groups. Cows treated for puerperal metritis were defined as Group M (n = 34), and those without signs of puerperal metritis as Group H (n subgroups showed that the of size Subgroup MO Subgroup HO P 0.05). synchronisation, and luteal size lower in metritic cows to counterparts. and embryo mortality rates were similar between metritic and cows.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45594887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the feeding period beyond 8.0 mm of subcutaneous\u0000fat reduces feed efficiency without improving meat colour and\u0000tenderness of non-implanted feedlot steers","authors":"G. Zurbriggen, C. Maglietti, L. Pouzo, M. Testa, S. Riffel, J. Elizalde, E. Pavan","doi":"10.22358/jafs/151153/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/151153/2022","url":null,"abstract":". The effect of extending the pen-feeding period of non-implanted feedlot steers beyond the 8.0 mm fat thickness (FT) endpoint on performance, carcass and meat traits was evaluated. Sixty-four medium-sized British steers (308 ± 26 kg) were grouped into four blocks by weight and housed in 16 pens. Pens within each block were assigned to one of four finishing periods: 64, 91, 119 and 147 days on feed (DOF). The first harvest (64 DOF) was defined as the projected days to attain 8.0 mm FT. From the 8.0–13.8 mm FT endpoints (64 and 147 DOF, respectively), daily shrunk body weight (SBW) feed conversion increased from 9.98 to 15.76 kg/kg ( P < 0.001), while daily carcass weight (CW) feed conversion increased from 15.34 to 18.27 kg/kg ( P < 0.001). Carcass transfer (CW gain to SBW gain ratio) increased from 0.67 to 0.86 kg/kg. FT and marbling score increased at increasing rates during the finishing period ( P < 0.001), whereas rib eye area increased at decreasing rates ( P < 0.001). Extending the feeding period tended to improve meat tenderness at three days of ageing ( P = 0.066), while there was no response at 14 days of ageing ( P > 0.10). Overall, the 8.0 mm FT endpoint for non-implanted steers corresponded to proper performance and adequate meat quality.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41837831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary yam polysaccharide on growth performance and\u0000intestinal microflora in growing Huoyan geese","authors":"M. Shi, Y. Chang, M. Cao, J. Zhang, Ling Zhang, H. Xie, Z. Miao","doi":"10.22358/jafs/151561/2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/151561/2022","url":null,"abstract":". The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary yam polysaccharide (YPS) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal microflora of growing geese. A total of 400 Huoyan geese (28 days old, sex-balanced) were allotted to four groups (control, YPS100, YPS500 and YPS1000, according to initial body weight), and their diets included 0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg of YPS per kg of basal diet. Each group consisted of 5 replicates, 20 geese each, and the feeding experiment lasted from 28 to 56 days of age. The results showed that compared to the control group, the YPS500 group had higher final body weight, average daily gain, villus height, villus height to crypt depth ratio, amylase and trypsin activity, while lower feed to gain ratio and lipase activity in the small intestine ( P < 0.05). In addition, all experimental groups had a higher number of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , and a lower number of Escherichia coli in the caecal content of growing Huoyan geese ( P < 0.05). The results indicated that dietary supplementation with 500 mg/kg YPS improved growth performance by regulating digestive enzyme activities, small intestine morphology and intestinal microflora in growing Huoyan geese.","PeriodicalId":14919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42914625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}