Journal of Amino Acids最新文献

Efficacy of Memantine in Schizophrenic Patients: A Systematic Review. 美金刚在精神分裂症患者中的疗效:一项系统评价。

Journal of Amino Acids Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-01-24 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7021071

Giuseppe Di Iorio, Gaia Baroni, Marco Lorusso, Chiara Montemitro, Maria Chiara Spano, Massimo di Giannantonio

引用次数: 27

Tryptophan Biochemistry: Structural, Nutritional, Metabolic, and Medical Aspects in Humans 色氨酸生物化学:人体的结构、营养、代谢和医学方面

Journal of Amino Acids Pub Date : 2016-01-12 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8952520

L. Palego, L. Betti, A. Rossi, G. Giannaccini

{"title":"Tryptophan Biochemistry: Structural, Nutritional, Metabolic, and Medical Aspects in Humans","authors":"L. Palego, L. Betti, A. Rossi, G. Giannaccini","doi":"10.1155/2016/8952520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8952520","url":null,"abstract":"L-Tryptophan is the unique protein amino acid (AA) bearing an indole ring: its biotransformation in living organisms contributes either to keeping this chemical group in cells and tissues or to breaking it, by generating in both cases a variety of bioactive molecules. Investigations on the biology of Trp highlight the pleiotropic effects of its small derivatives on homeostasis processes. In addition to protein turn-over, in humans the pathways of Trp indole derivatives cover the synthesis of the neurotransmitter/hormone serotonin (5-HT), the pineal gland melatonin (MLT), and the trace amine tryptamine. The breakdown of the Trp indole ring defines instead the “kynurenine shunt” which produces cell-response adapters as L-kynurenine, kynurenic and quinolinic acids, or the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). This review aims therefore at tracing a “map” of the main molecular effectors in human tryptophan (Trp) research, starting from the chemistry of this AA, dealing then with its biosphere distribution and nutritional value for humans, also focusing on some proteins responsible for its tissue-dependent uptake and biotransformation. We will thus underscore the role of Trp biochemistry in the pathogenesis of human complex diseases/syndromes primarily involving the gut, neuroimmunoendocrine/stress responses, and the CNS, supporting the use of -Omics approaches in this field.","PeriodicalId":14901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Amino Acids","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89746798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 217

Protein Quantification by Derivatization-Free High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Aromatic Amino Acids. 芳香族氨基酸的无衍生高效液相色谱定量分析。

Journal of Amino Acids Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-07-31 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7374316

Almut Hesse, Michael G Weller

{"title":"Protein Quantification by Derivatization-Free High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Aromatic Amino Acids.","authors":"Almut Hesse, Michael G Weller","doi":"10.1155/2016/7374316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7374316","url":null,"abstract":"Amino acid analysis is considered to be the gold standard for quantitative peptide and protein analysis. Here, we would like to propose a simple HPLC/UV method based on a reversed-phase separation of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine (Tyr), phenylalanine (Phe), and optionally tryptophan (Trp) without any derivatization. The hydrolysis of the proteins and peptides was performed by an accelerated microwave technique, which needs only 30 minutes. Two internal standard compounds, homotyrosine (HTyr) and 4-fluorophenylalanine (FPhe) were used for calibration. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 0.05 µM (~10 µg/L) for tyrosine and phenylalanine at 215 nm. The LOD for a protein determination was calculated to be below 16 mg/L (~300 ng BSA absolute). Aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA) offers excellent accuracy and a precision of about 5% relative standard deviation, including the hydrolysis step. The method was validated with certified reference materials (CRM) of amino acids and of a pure protein (bovine serum albumin, BSA). AAAA can be used for the quantification of aromatic amino acids, isolated peptides or proteins, complex peptide or protein samples, such as serum or milk powder, and peptides or proteins immobilized on solid supports. ","PeriodicalId":14901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Amino Acids","volume":"2016 ","pages":"7374316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2016/7374316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34335915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Postprandial Levels of Branch Chained and Aromatic Amino Acids Associate with Fasting Glycaemia. 餐后支链氨基酸和芳香氨基酸水平与空腹血糖相关。

Journal of Amino Acids Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-05-05 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8576730

Filip Ottosson, Ulrika Ericson, Peter Almgren, Jeanette Nilsson, Martin Magnusson, Céline Fernandez, Olle Melander

{"title":"Postprandial Levels of Branch Chained and Aromatic Amino Acids Associate with Fasting Glycaemia.","authors":"Filip Ottosson, Ulrika Ericson, Peter Almgren, Jeanette Nilsson, Martin Magnusson, Céline Fernandez, Olle Melander","doi":"10.1155/2016/8576730","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2016/8576730","url":null,"abstract":"High fasting plasma concentrations of isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine have been associated with increased risk of hyperglycaemia and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Whether these associations are diet or metabolism driven is unknown. We examined how the dietary protein source affects the postprandial circulating profile of these three diabetes associated amino acids (DMAAs) and tested whether the postprandial DMAA profiles are associated with fasting glycaemia. We used a crossover design with twenty-one healthy individuals and four different isocaloric test meals, containing proteins from different dietary sources (dairy, fish, meat, and plants). Analysis of the postprandial DMAAs concentrations was performed using targeted mass spectrometry. A DMAA score was defined as the sum of all the three amino acid concentrations. The postprandial area under the curve (AUC) of all the three amino acids and the DMAA score was significantly greater after intake of the meal with dairy protein compared to intake of the three other meals. The postprandial AUC for the DMAA score and all the three amino acids strongly associated with fasting glucose level and insulin resistance. This indicates the importance of the postprandial kinetics and metabolism of DMAAs in understanding the overall association between DMAAs and glycaemia. ","PeriodicalId":14901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Amino Acids","volume":"2016 ","pages":"8576730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4871975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34620762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Association of Endothelin-1 with Markers of Arterial Stiffness in Black South African Women: The SABPA Study 南非黑人妇女血管硬化标志物与内皮素-1的关系:SABPA研究

Journal of Amino Acids Pub Date : 2015-12-28 DOI: 10.1155/2015/481517

C. S. du Plooy, C. Mels, H. Huisman, R. Kruger

{"title":"The Association of Endothelin-1 with Markers of Arterial Stiffness in Black South African Women: The SABPA Study","authors":"C. S. du Plooy, C. Mels, H. Huisman, R. Kruger","doi":"10.1155/2015/481517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/481517","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Limited data exist regarding endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoactive contributor in vascular tone, in a population subjected to early vascular deterioration. We compared ET-1 levels and explored its association with markers of arterial stiffness in black and white South Africans. Methodology. This cross-sectional substudy included 195 black (men: n = 99; women: n = 95) and 197 white (men: n = 99; women: n = 98) South Africans. Serum ET-1 levels were measured as well as markers of arterial stiffness (blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and arterial compliance). ET-1 levels were higher in black men and white women compared to their counterparts after adjusting for C-reactive protein. In both single and partial (adjusting for body mass index and gamma glutamyl transferase) regression analyses ET-1 correlated with age, interleukin-6, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and pulse wave velocity in black women. In multivariate regression analyses the independent association of ET-1 with systolic blood pressure (Adj. R 2 = 0.13; β = 0.28, p < 0.01) and pulse pressure (Adj. R 2 = 0.11; β = 0.27, p < 0.01) was confirmed in black women only. ET-1 additionally associated with interleukin-6 in black women (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Our result suggests that ET-1 and its link with subclinical arteriosclerosis are potentially driven by low-grade inflammation as depicted by the association with interleukin-6 in the black female cohort.","PeriodicalId":14901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Amino Acids","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80103505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Urea Unfolding Study of E. coli Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase and Its Monomeric Variants Proves the Role of C-Terminal Domain in Stability 大肠杆菌丙氨酰- trna合成酶及其单体变异体的尿素展开研究证实了c端结构域在稳定性中的作用

Journal of Amino Acids Pub Date : 2015-11-04 DOI: 10.1155/2015/805681

Baisakhi Banerjee, R. Banerjee

{"title":"Urea Unfolding Study of E. coli Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase and Its Monomeric Variants Proves the Role of C-Terminal Domain in Stability","authors":"Baisakhi Banerjee, R. Banerjee","doi":"10.1155/2015/805681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/805681","url":null,"abstract":"E. coli alanyl-tRNA exists as a dimer in its native form and the C-terminal coiled-coil part plays an important role in the dimerization process. The truncated N-terminal containing the first 700 amino acids (1–700) forms a monomeric variant possessing similar aminoacylation activity like wild type. A point mutation in the C-terminal domain (G674D) also produces a monomeric variant with a fivefold reduced aminoacylation activity compared to the wild type enzyme. Urea induced denaturation of these monomeric mutants along with another alaRS variant (N461 alaRS) was studied together with the full-length enzyme using various spectroscopic techniques such as intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, 1-anilino-8-naphthalene-sulfonic acid binding, near- and far-UV circular dichroism, and analytical ultracentrifugation. Aminoacylation activity assay after refolding from denatured state revealed that the monomeric mutants studied here were unable to regain their activity, whereas the dimeric full-length alaRS gets back similar activity as the native enzyme. This study indicates that dimerization is one of the key regulatory factors that is important in the proper folding and stability of E. coli alaRS.","PeriodicalId":14901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Amino Acids","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79879227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Properties of Taurine Release in Glucose-Free Media in Hippocampal Slices from Developing and Adult Mice. 发育期和成年小鼠海马切片在无葡萄糖介质中释放牛磺酸的特性

Journal of Amino Acids Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-08-05 DOI: 10.1155/2015/254583

Simo S Oja, Pirjo Saransaari

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Hyperhydrating Supplements Containing Creatine and Glucose on Plasma Lipids and Insulin Sensitivity in Endurance-Trained Athletes. 含肌酸和葡萄糖的高水补品对耐力训练运动员血脂和胰岛素敏感性的影响。

Journal of Amino Acids Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-06-17 DOI: 10.1155/2015/352458

Thelma P Polyviou, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Carlos Celis-Morales, Benjamin Brown, John R Speakman, Dalia Malkova

{"title":"The Effects of Hyperhydrating Supplements Containing Creatine and Glucose on Plasma Lipids and Insulin Sensitivity in Endurance-Trained Athletes.","authors":"Thelma P Polyviou, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Carlos Celis-Morales, Benjamin Brown, John R Speakman, Dalia Malkova","doi":"10.1155/2015/352458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/352458","url":null,"abstract":"The addition of carbohydrate (CHO) in the form of simple sugars to creatine (Cr) supplements is central. The study aimed to determine whether ingestion of glucose (Glu) simultaneously with Cr and glycerol (Cr/Gly) supplement is detrimental to plasma lipids of endurance-trained individuals and find out whether modification arising can be attenuated by replacing part of the Glu with alpha lipoic acid (Ala). Twenty-two endurance-trained cyclists were randomized to receive Cr/Gly/Glu (11.4 g Cr-H2O, 1 g Gly/kg BM, and 150 g Glu) or Cr/Gly/Glu/Ala (11.4 g Cr-H2O, 1 g Gly/kg BM, 100 g Glu, and 1 g Ala) for 7 days. Fasting concentration of TAG increased significantly (P < 0.01) after supplementation with Cr/Gly/Glu (before: 0.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L; after: 1.3 ± 0.4 mmol/L) and Cr/Gly/Glu/Ala (before: 0.8 ± 0.2 mmol/L; after: 1.2 ± 0.5 mmol/L) but changes were not different between the groups. Supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) increased the TAG to HDL-cholesterol ratio but had no effect on fasting concentration of total, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol and insulin resistance. Thus, addition of Glu to Cr containing supplements enhances plasma TAG concentration and the TAG to HDL-cholesterol ratio and this enhancement cannot be attenuated by partial replacement of Glu with Ala. ","PeriodicalId":14901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Amino Acids","volume":"2015 ","pages":"352458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/352458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34282465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Amino Acid Metabolism of Thermoanaerobacter Strain AK90: The Role of Electron-Scavenging Systems in End Product Formation. 热厌氧菌AK90的氨基酸代谢:电子清除系统在最终产物形成中的作用。

Journal of Amino Acids Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-08-27 DOI: 10.1155/2015/410492

Sean Michael Scully, Johann Orlygsson

{"title":"Amino Acid Metabolism of Thermoanaerobacter Strain AK90: The Role of Electron-Scavenging Systems in End Product Formation.","authors":"Sean Michael Scully, Johann Orlygsson","doi":"10.1155/2015/410492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/410492","url":null,"abstract":"The catabolism of the 20 amino acids by Thermoanaerobacter strain AK90 (KR007667) was investigated under three different conditions: as single amino acids without an electron-scavenging system, in the presence of thiosulfate, and in coculture with a hydrogenotrophic methanogen. The strain degraded only serine without an alternative electron acceptor but degraded 11 amino acids (alanine, cysteine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine) under both of the electron-scavenging systems investigated. Acetate was the dominant end product from alanine, cysteine, lysine, serine, and threonine under electron-scavenging conditions. The branched-chain amino acids, isoleucine, leucine, and valine, were degraded to their corresponding fatty acids under methanogenic conditions and to a mixture of their corresponding fatty acids and alcohols in the presence of thiosulfate. The partial pressure of hydrogen seems to be of importance for the branched-chain alcohol formation. This was suggested by low but detectable hydrogen concentrations at the end of cultivation on the branched-chain amino acid in the presence of thiosulfate but not when cocultured with the methanogen. A more detailed examination of the role of thiosulfate as an electron acceptor was performed with Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (DSM 2246) and Thermoanaerobacter brockii (DSM 1457). ","PeriodicalId":14901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Amino Acids","volume":"2015 ","pages":"410492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/410492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34042781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Genes of Different Catabolic Pathways Are Coordinately Regulated by Dal81 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 酿酒酵母Dal81对不同分解代谢途径的基因进行协调调控。

Journal of Amino Acids Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-09-17 DOI: 10.1155/2015/484702

Marcos D Palavecino, Susana R Correa-García, Mariana Bermúdez-Moretti

{"title":"Genes of Different Catabolic Pathways Are Coordinately Regulated by Dal81 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.","authors":"Marcos D Palavecino, Susana R Correa-García, Mariana Bermúdez-Moretti","doi":"10.1155/2015/484702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/484702","url":null,"abstract":"Yeast can use a wide variety of nitrogen compounds. However, the ability to synthesize enzymes and permeases for catabolism of poor nitrogen sources is limited in the presence of a rich one. This general mechanism of transcriptional control is called nitrogen catabolite repression. Poor nitrogen sources, such as leucine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and allantoin, enable growth after the synthesis of pathway-specific catabolic enzymes and permeases. This synthesis occurs only under conditions of nitrogen limitation and in the presence of a pathway-specific signal. In this work we studied the temporal order in the induction of AGP1, BAP2, UGA4, and DAL7, genes that are involved in the catabolism and use of leucine, GABA, and allantoin, three poor nitrogen sources. We found that when these amino acids are available, cells will express AGP1 and BAP2 in the first place, then DAL7, and at last UGA4. Dal81, a general positive regulator of genes involved in nitrogen utilization related to the metabolisms of GABA, leucine, and allantoin, plays a central role in this coordinated regulation. ","PeriodicalId":14901,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Amino Acids","volume":"2015 ","pages":"484702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2015/484702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34248162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8