ChemPlusChemPub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202500184
Yuanzhe Gao, Jie Liu, Yayu Guan, Jiujun Zhang, Yuyu Liu
{"title":"Catalysts for Ammonia Electrosynthesis by Nitrogen Reduction: Recent Progress","authors":"Yuanzhe Gao, Jie Liu, Yayu Guan, Jiujun Zhang, Yuyu Liu","doi":"10.1002/cplu.202500184","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cplu.202500184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is an effective way for clean electricity energy storage and production of useful chemicals such as ammonia. Hence, it has become one of the most attractive research topics in recent years. However, the catalysts with high activity, stability, and production selectivity under ambient conditions have not been fully developed. Herein, the recent progress in those novel eNRR catalysts, including single atoms, oxides, carbides, nitrides, and others, is briefly reviewed in terms of the synthesis, characterization, functional mechanism, and performance validation/optimization. Finally, to facilitate the conversion, the technical challenges are summarized and analyzed, and several directions for developing highly efficient catalysts are proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":148,"journal":{"name":"ChemPlusChem","volume":"90 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemPlusChemPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202500027
Marco Ranaldi, Miranda Parisi, Chiara Battocchio, Giovanna Iucci, Ivan Khalakhan, Ilaria Fratoddi, Sara Cerra, Claudia Fasolato, Sveva Grande, Alessandra Palma, Ilaria Gianani, Marco Barbieri, Iole Venditti
{"title":"Chiral Gold Nanoparticles via L- or D-Cysteine Functionalization: Synthesis and Characterization","authors":"Marco Ranaldi, Miranda Parisi, Chiara Battocchio, Giovanna Iucci, Ivan Khalakhan, Ilaria Fratoddi, Sara Cerra, Claudia Fasolato, Sveva Grande, Alessandra Palma, Ilaria Gianani, Marco Barbieri, Iole Venditti","doi":"10.1002/cplu.202500027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cplu.202500027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chirality, the property of objects being nonsuperimposable on their mirror image, is critical in natural phenomena and technological applications, particularly molecular interactions and biological processes. The achievement of nanoscale chirality has led to the development of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with transformative potential in sensing and biosensing, which may find applications in theranostics and drug-contaminated water treatment. Herein, a wet synthesis approach for chiral AuNPs using L- or D-cysteine, a chiral amino acid, is presented. The synthesis begins with small gold spheres, then functionalized with L- or D-cysteine, which binds selectively to kink sites, inducing a twisted shape. These functionalized AuNPs inherit chiral properties, enabling selective interactions with biomolecules, enhancing sensitivity and specificity for detecting enantiomers and biomarkers. Microscopy reveals the twisted shape, dynamic light scattering confirms stability over months, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy validate successful cysteine functionalization, and finally, circular dichroism spectroscopy confirms optical activity in correspondence to both the molecular absorption and the nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance. These optically active AuNPs demonstrate significant promise for molecular diagnostics and environmental sensing, offering new frontiers in biomedical and environmental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":148,"journal":{"name":"ChemPlusChem","volume":"90 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemPlusChemPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202500150
Anton V. Chernykh, Oleksandr S. Liashuk, Kyrylo O. Kononenko, Artem Y. Michuda, Oleksandr S. Olifir, Dmytro Lesyk, Karina Turenko, Andrii V. Kozytskyi, Svitlana V. Shishkina, Petro Borysko, Serhiy V. Ryabukhin, Dmytro M. Volochnyuk, Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
{"title":"Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Functionalized cis–2-((Fluoro)Alkyl)Cyclobutanes","authors":"Anton V. Chernykh, Oleksandr S. Liashuk, Kyrylo O. Kononenko, Artem Y. Michuda, Oleksandr S. Olifir, Dmytro Lesyk, Karina Turenko, Andrii V. Kozytskyi, Svitlana V. Shishkina, Petro Borysko, Serhiy V. Ryabukhin, Dmytro M. Volochnyuk, Oleksandr O. Grygorenko","doi":"10.1002/cplu.202500150","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cplu.202500150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Efficient decagram-scale synthesis of (fluoro)alkyl-containing <i>cis-</i>1,2-disubstituted cyclobutane-derived building blocks is described. Starting from commercially available chemicals, target cyclobutylamines, carboxylic acids, and other valuable derivatives are obtained in 3–8 steps on up to a 39 g scale. Physicochemical characterization of the prepared compounds and their model derivatives reveal the distinct features of <i>cis</i>-1,2-disubstituted cyclobutanes (namely, significantly lowered lipophilicity) as compared to their previously reported <i>trans</i>-isomeric counterparts. Computational analysis, along with experimentally obtained structural properties, suggest the decisive influence of the compounds’ conformation on the discussed properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":148,"journal":{"name":"ChemPlusChem","volume":"90 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phenylene-Bridged Magnetic Mesoporous Silica for Dual-Target Elimination of Arsenic(III) and Doxycycline from Real Water","authors":"Nataliia Stoliarchuk, Veronika Tomina, Myroslava Muratova, Maksym Lisnichuk, Miroslava Vaclavikova, Inna Melnyk","doi":"10.1002/cplu.202500197","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cplu.202500197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The issues of adsorption and adsorbents remain highly relevant, particularly in light of their application for real adsorption from dam water, where competitive adsorption occurs on surfaces from multicomponent solutions containing contaminants in nano- or micro-quantities. In this study, magnetic mesoporous mono- and bifunctional samples (featuring amino and/or thiol groups for dual simultaneous adsorption) are developed. It is established that the obtained samples exhibit a well-developed specific surface area owing to the use of a precursor with a phenylene bridge in the synthesis (237–980 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), with a total content of functional groups of up to 2.5 mmol g<sup>−1</sup>. A comparison of water and benzene vapor adsorption revealed their rapid kinetics and equal hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance for all the samples. The thiol-functionalized sample proved to be the best in arsenic ions adsorption, while the bifunctional amino/thiol sample demonstrated the highest performance during doxycycline adsorption. In real water containing trace amounts of other metals, the bifunctional sample Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/≡OSi–C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>–SiO≡/≡Si(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>/≡Si(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>SH showed its advantages, as the different types of active centers on its surface additionally bound nontarget contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":148,"journal":{"name":"ChemPlusChem","volume":"90 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemPlusChemPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202500223
Ádám Haffner, Tibor Höltzl
{"title":"Unveiling the Role of Low-Coordinated Sites in CO2 Electroreduction Using Hierarchical Simulation Models","authors":"Ádám Haffner, Tibor Höltzl","doi":"10.1002/cplu.202500223","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cplu.202500223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Enhancing efficiency and product selectivity presents a significant challenge in carbon dioxide electroreduction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR). Recent studies have demonstrated that the solvent in the electrolyte plays a crucial role; however, its specific functions are being investigated intensively. The study utilizes hierarchically assembled models, enabling to decoupling of the various effects of the solvent. Both (sub)nanoclusters and surfaces with adatoms are utilized as model systems, which allow to study the effect of the solvent on the low-coordinated reaction sites. It is observed that water binds to the low-coordination active sites of the catalytic centers, thereby influencing the reaction mechanism. This binding leads to significant charge transfer between the solvent and the catalyst, altering its charge state and the potential of zero charge—both of which are known to affect product selectivity. Additionally, a solvent-induced reorganization of the catalyst structure that can substantially influence reduction processes is observed. The solvation and solubility of the adsorbates also play a significant role, as they influence the desorption of the possible products from the catalyst surface.</p><p>Thus, the hierarchy of models presented here enables a systematic understanding of the microscopic role of solvents and paves the way for computational solvent engineering to optimize product selectivity in CO<sub>2</sub>RR.</p>","PeriodicalId":148,"journal":{"name":"ChemPlusChem","volume":"90 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cplu.202500223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemPlusChemPub Date : 2025-06-16DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202500137
Annette Mariya Tedy, Arun K. Manna
{"title":"Redox Activity of Electronically Excited Phosphorus Corroles with Axial Chalcogenation","authors":"Annette Mariya Tedy, Arun K. Manna","doi":"10.1002/cplu.202500137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cplu.202500137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quest for visible-light absorbing metal-free corroles is of increased research interest for both electrocatalytic and photocatalytic applications among others. To this direction, phosphorus corrole (PC) and its functional derivatives hold great potential. In this study, the ground- and excited-state redox properties of PC and its several axially chalcogenated derivatives (XPC; XO, S, Se) are investigated using optimally tuned range-separated hybrid combined with polarizable continuum model for accounting of solvent effects. All XPCs are confirmed to be dynamically stable from normal-mode analysis and also found to possess similar Gibbs free energy changes for their synthesis from the parent freebase corrole. Calculated ground-state (<span></span><math></math>) redox potentials indicate corrole-centered reduction and oxidation for all the studied molecules. While the nature of the chalcogen only marginally influences the lowest excited singlet (<span></span><math></math>) and triplet (<span></span><math></math>) states including the contributing frontier molecular orbitals, the excited-state photodynamics are greatly affected by the chalcogenation leading to chalcogen-dependent access to either <span></span><math></math>/<span></span><math></math> for redox processes. A qualitatively similar trend is observed in <span></span><math></math> and <span></span><math></math>/<span></span><math></math>-state redox potentials, albeit of markedly different values. These findings contribute valuable insights for the development of next-generation energy-efficient electrocatalysts and photocatalysts utilizing metal-free, visible-light absorbing corrole macrocycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":148,"journal":{"name":"ChemPlusChem","volume":"90 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144309346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemPlusChemPub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202500315
Qiuyu Li, Shuangshuang Liu, Qaiser Mahmood, Zhixin Yu, Xinyu Wang, Ran Zhang, Yizhou Wang, Geng Ren, Wen-Hua Sun
{"title":"Enhanced Activity and Thermal Stability of Hydroxyl-Modified Bis(imino)pyridylcobalt Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization","authors":"Qiuyu Li, Shuangshuang Liu, Qaiser Mahmood, Zhixin Yu, Xinyu Wang, Ran Zhang, Yizhou Wang, Geng Ren, Wen-Hua Sun","doi":"10.1002/cplu.202500315","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cplu.202500315","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bulky N-aryl substituents in bis(imino)pyridylmetal catalysts enhance the ethylene polymerization, though maintaining activity at higher temperature remains a challenging point. Herein, the newly synthesized symmetrical and unsymmetrical 2-(1-(2,6-dibenzhydryl-4-hydroxyphenylimino)ethyl)-6-(1-(arylimino)ethyl)pyridylcobalt chloride complexes have been systematically and sterically tailored and further explored for their performances in ethylene polymerization. Employing the bulky N-aryl unit modified through dibenzhydryl and hydroxyl substituents, the cobalt complexes show a significant improvement in both activity and thermal stability. Activated with methylaluminoxane in the temperature range (30–100 °C), the resulting polyethylenes are characterized as highly linear and high molecular weights (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 10<sup>5</sup> g mol<sup>−1</sup>) along with their dispersity controlled; the activities are exceptionally high with a maximum of 14.29 × 10<sup>6</sup> g mol<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> at 70 °C and the unprecedented 1.96 × 10<sup>6</sup> g mol<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> at 100 °C, indicating the robust thermal stability that is best catalytic performance in comparison with all previous bis(imino)pyridylcobalt systems reported. Among unsymmetrical complexes, ligands with higher steric hindrance result in lower activities of complex catalysts along with the polyethylenes with higher molecular weights; meanwhile, its symmetrical complex is far less active. In all cases, the polyethylenes are highly linear with terminal vinyl groups, being verified by DSC and high-temperature NMR measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":148,"journal":{"name":"ChemPlusChem","volume":"90 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemPlusChemPub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202500295
Sourav Ghoshal, Pranab Sarkar
{"title":"Computational Investigation of Radical- and Catalyst-Assisted Decomposition of CH2NO• to HCN","authors":"Sourav Ghoshal, Pranab Sarkar","doi":"10.1002/cplu.202500295","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cplu.202500295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a chemically and prebiotically important molecule found in the Earth's atmosphere and other planetary environments. Previous photochemical studies have proposed that HCN could originate from reactions between methane photolysis products, such as methyl radical (CH<sub>3</sub><b><sup>•</sup></b>) and triplet methylene (<sup>3</sup>CH<sub>2)</sub>, and reactive nitrogen species like atomic nitrogen (N) and nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we introduce a new atmospheric route to HCN formation involving the decomposition of CH<sub>2</sub>NOX intermediates, which are formed via the recombination of CH<sub>2</sub>NO<b><sup>•</sup></b> with other atmospheric reactive species (X) such as NO, OH<b><sup>•</sup></b>, and CH<sub>3</sub><b><sup>•</sup></b>. Using high-level quantum chemical calculations [CCSD(T)//M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)], we investigate the mechanism of CH<sub>2</sub>NOX decomposition towards HCN formation via uncatalyzed and catalyst-assisted (H<sub>2</sub>O, NH<sub>3</sub>, HCl and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) pathways. Kinetic analysis based on transition state theory (TST) reveals that, while CH<sub>2</sub>NONO and CH<sub>2</sub>NOOH exhibit significant kinetic barriers under ambient conditions, CH<sub>2</sub>NOCH<sub>3</sub> undergoes rapid decomposition, particularly when catalyzed by H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Among all species examined, the H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-assisted decomposition of CH<sub>2</sub>NOCH<sub>3</sub> shows the highest rate enhancement relative to its uncatalyzed counterpart. This work not only introduces CH<sub>2</sub>NO<b><sup>•</sup></b> as a novel intermediate in atmospheric nitrogen chemistry but also highlights the key role of CH<sub>3</sub><b><sup>•</sup></b> (a methane photolysis product) and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> in enabling efficient HCN production in both early and modern Earth atmospheres.</p>","PeriodicalId":148,"journal":{"name":"ChemPlusChem","volume":"90 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemPlusChemPub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202500270
Eirini Tsemperlidou, Nikitas Georgiou, Demeter Tzeli, Nikolaos Karousis, George Varvounis
{"title":"Synthesis of New N,N′-Diarylureas and Their Theoretical Study as Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Inhibitors","authors":"Eirini Tsemperlidou, Nikitas Georgiou, Demeter Tzeli, Nikolaos Karousis, George Varvounis","doi":"10.1002/cplu.202500270","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cplu.202500270","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A series of new <i>N,N′-</i>diarylureas is reported as potential cannabinoid-1 (CB-1) receptor inhibitors. The synthesis of the new <i>N,N′-</i>diarylureas is achieved from the reaction of two substituted anilines with the aid of triphosgene. One aniline carries a pyrazol-1-yl or <i>1H-</i>1,2,3-triazolyl or <i>2H-</i>1,2,3-triazolyl propan-2-one group at position-3, while the other aniline is substituted by fluoro, bromo, methoxy, cyano, morpholino, or 4-methyl-2-nitro groups. All new compounds are investigated through density functional theory calculations, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, showing a strong ability to bind to the orthosteric pocket of the CB-1 receptor and to the allosteric position when CB1 is in complex with agonist AM841. The binding is comparable to that of the well-known CB-1 inhibitor PSNBAM-1. Especially, 1-{3-[2-(1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl]phenyl}-3-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)urea presents better theoretical results than PSNBAM-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":148,"journal":{"name":"ChemPlusChem","volume":"90 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cplu.202500270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ChemPlusChemPub Date : 2025-06-12DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202500284
Lucas Warmuth, Thomas A. Zevaco, David Guse, Michael Zimmermann, Matthias Kind, Stephan Pitter
{"title":"Phase Transformation Processes in Coprecipitated Cu/Zn/Zr Methanol Catalyst Precursors—Insights into Suspension Aging Form Ultrafast Nucleation","authors":"Lucas Warmuth, Thomas A. Zevaco, David Guse, Michael Zimmermann, Matthias Kind, Stephan Pitter","doi":"10.1002/cplu.202500284","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cplu.202500284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Catalyst precursors for methanol synthesis prepared by coprecipitation, such as Cu/Zn-based hydroxycarbonates, are generally formed within two steps. The initial precipitation phase (nucleation) leads to a suspension from which, in a subsequent aging phase, the final solid precursor is formed, thus providing the structural and morphological features required for later use in catalysis. Combing ultrafast continuous nucleation with sampling from batch-wise aging opens up the possibility to follow the evolution and transitions of solid phases during suspension aging. The temporal progression of the existence of the different phases in a Cu/ZnO/ZrO<sub>2</sub>-based system is investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy . According to the findings of this study, the intermediate recrystallization reveals to be a yet unknown two-step process. The presence of an amorphous transient zinc depot of Na<sub>2</sub>Zn<sub>3</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> × 3 H<sub>2</sub>O greatly influences the formation of the relevant zincian malachite catalyst precursor [(Cu,Zn)<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>], which is partly in contrast to reports on Cu/ZnO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> systems. Finally, a general mechanism including the relevant transformations during suspension aging in Cu/ZnO/ZrO<sub>2</sub> systems is proposed, relying on a general thermodynamic approach, explaining the transient and final species.</p>","PeriodicalId":148,"journal":{"name":"ChemPlusChem","volume":"90 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cplu.202500284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}