Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment最新文献

{"title":"Commentary - HIV-Induced Extracranial Carotid Ectasia and Stroke.","authors":"Rakhee Lalla, Prashant Raghavan, John W Cole","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment","volume":"3 2","pages":"24-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8276971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9963787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV RNA Load and Antiretroviral Drug Resistance of HIV-1 Strains in Chad on Dried Blood Spots: A Pilot Study","authors":"N. Djimera, A. Keita, T. Bourlet, L. Andréoletti","doi":"10.33696/AIDS.3.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/AIDS.3.014","url":null,"abstract":"We performed viral load (VL) and antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance genotyping assays using dried blood spot samples (DBS) taken from HIV-1 infected patients in Chad. Among 80 adult patients naïve of any antiretroviral treatment regimen, 67 (84%) had a measured VL upper than 40 copies/ml (median; SD: 36891 copies/ml; [603-2 798 968]) of blood. Of them only 24 (36%) demonstrating a viral load upper was than 3.63 log 10 copies/ml were successfully sequenced for performing a drug resistance genotyping assay. Of the 24 patients whom DBS samples were successfully sequenced, seven (29%) displayed the presence of an HIV-1 strain with known mutations conferring resistance against at least one ARV family. Our pilot study provides major data on the high prevalence levels of primary resistance to available ARV drugs in HIV-1 infected patients in Chad and highlights the need for a wide and rational use of HIV anti-integrase drugs in Sahelian area.","PeriodicalId":14896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81537338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Silos to Solidarity: Case Study of a Patient-Centered, Integrative Approach to Opioid Tapering and Chronic Pain Mitigation in a Multidisciplinary AIDS Clinic.","authors":"S Pullen,&nbsp;V C Marconi,&nbsp;C Del Rio,&nbsp;C Head,&nbsp;M Nimmo,&nbsp;J O'Neil,&nbsp;M Ziebart","doi":"10.33696/AIDS.3.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/AIDS.3.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with HIV (PWH) are at a disproportionate risk for experiencing both chronic pain and opioid use disorder (OUD). Prescription opioid tapering is typically addressed within the \"silo model\" of medical care, whereby attention is focused solely on opioid addiction rather than also addressing chronic pain management, and limited communication occurs between patient and providers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This descriptive case study examined an integrative, collaborative care model consisting of Provider, Physical Therapist (PT), and Patient aimed at decreasing chronic pain and opioid use within a multidisciplinary HIV/AIDS clinic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A physical-therapy based model of chronic pain mitigation and physician-driven opioid tapering was implemented. The Provider, PT, and Patient worked collaboratively to address physiological pain, pain coping skills and opioid tapering. A patient case example was used to illustrate the implementation of the model for a future, larger study in the same patient population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This model was feasible in this case example in terms of clinic workflow and acceptability to both the Patient and Providers in this clinic. After the intervention, the Patient's pain was fully eliminated, and he had ceased all opioid use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results of this case study suggest that utilizing an integrative, patient-centered approach to both chronic pain management and opioid tapering may be feasible within the context of a multidisciplinary HIV/AIDS clinic. Generalizability is limited by case study model; however, this gives insight into the value of a collaborative alternative compared to a \"silo\" model of opioid tapering and chronic pain management in preparation for a larger study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment","volume":"3 1","pages":"4-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8277158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39185083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Infection and New Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Win-Win Opportunity?","authors":"F. Aubin, C. Vanhaecke, C. Drobacheff, F. Pelletier, M. Viguier","doi":"10.33696/AIDS.3.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/AIDS.3.011","url":null,"abstract":"This increase occurred concurrently with the introduction of effective PrEP, the advent of electronic mechanisms for meeting sex partners and population-level changes in sexual behavior, including increased numbers of sexual partners, increased condom-less anal sex, and increased recreational drug use including chem-sex. This substantial increase in STIs particularly in the MSM population suggests the potential increase of sexual risk behavior induced by PrEP through a risk compensation [6]. Risk compensation refers to an increase in risk-related behaviors when an intervention reduces perceptions of risk among individuals or a population.","PeriodicalId":14896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74986004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Lahiri et al. Weight and Body Mass Index Change After Switching to Integrase Inhibitors or Tenofovir Alafenamide Among Women Living with HIV.","authors":"Francesca Macaluso,&nbsp;Deborah R Gustafson","doi":"10.33696/AIDS.3.016","DOIUrl":"10.33696/AIDS.3.016","url":null,"abstract":"Among women living with HIV (WLWH), increases in body weight and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) have been observed after switching to the antiretroviral therapies (ART) Integrase Inhibitors (INSTI) and/or Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) [1,2]. This has broad implications for the HIV aging process and occurrence of later-life disease. While life expectancy for people living with HIV has increased, primarily due to highly-effective ART, the course of aging with chronic HIV remains relatively unknown. Particularly of interest are long-term ART consequences on individual physiological processes and end-organ systems. Increasing BMI leads to overweight and obesity, primarily due to excess adipose tissue accumulation. This is a sincere consequence of certain ART, mostly observed with use of the newer INSTI, specifically dolutegravir, compared to other INSTI [3–6]. While mechanisms whereby INSTI cause weight gain are not well understood, HIV infection has adverse metabolic and aging-related complications that are further complicated by the overweight and obesity-related side effects of ART in societies where obesity is a chronic disease [7], and overweight and obesity are pandemic [8]. Overweight and obesity have major medical, social, and economic repercussions [8]. Consequently, we can expect more ART-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular sequelae, as well as polypharmacy to control both HIV infection and vascular risk. The paper by Lahiri, et al. [1] offers insights into the role of ART, specifically INSTI and TAF, on simple clinical measures of body weight and BMI.","PeriodicalId":14896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment","volume":" ","pages":"21-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8291731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39207953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Personalized Medicine for HIV/AIDS.","authors":"Carla M Kumbale,&nbsp;Eberhard O Voit","doi":"10.33696/AIDS.3.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/AIDS.3.020","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, approximately 38 million people were infected with HIV worldwide [1]. Although there is still no cure that successfully eradicates the disease, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has improved to a point where undetectable viral loads have become achievable and HIV carriers often live almost normal lives with very substantially increased average life expectancies compared to historical data [2,3]. While the disease in many cases becomes chronic, the specifics of its progression in an individual may diverge dramatically from the average and thus manifest differently in each affected person. This variability is of concern, causing one to wonder whether an average treatment regimen is optimal for a given individual.","PeriodicalId":14896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment","volume":" ","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8372994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39328415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaphylaxis Drug Reaction after Initiation of Bictegravir","authors":"Blake Max, L. Roman, Jonathan E Martin, P. Demarais","doi":"10.33696/aids.2.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/aids.2.009","url":null,"abstract":"Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are at higher risk of developing adverse cutaneous reactions compared to the general population [1,2]. Numerous antiretrovirals approved for HIV treatment are associated with adverse dermatological reactions such as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors (specifically darunavir and amprenavir), and the CD4 T-lymphocyte attachment inhibitor ibalizumab [3]. Some antiretrovirals are associated with hypersensitivity reaction, one example is PLWHA who test positive for HLA-B*5701 allele and are prescribed the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor abacavir. This type of reaction is characterized by rash, fever, malaise, and flu-like illness and is the reason why all patients should receive HLA-B*5701 screening before initiating abacavir [4]. A few antiretrovirals (nevirapine and raltegravir) have been reported to cause drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), nevirapine has also been associated with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis [5-7]. These reactions can be life-threatening, but are uncommon, and typically appear days to weeks after initiation of the triggering drug. Another potentially life-threatening adverse drug reaction is anaphylaxis, which is rarely associated with antiretrovirals, only a few cases have been reported in the literature [8,9].","PeriodicalId":14896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89349781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend of HIV Infection in a Specialized Medical Unit, 2007- 2016","authors":"D. Terrazas, J. D. Rodríguez, M. C. Gutierrez, E. Avilés, Krissel García Hernández","doi":"10.33696/AIDS.2.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696/AIDS.2.007","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Viral load and CD4 cell count are the main principal indicators about evolution of the disease by HIV. Stage of infection related clinical and inmmunological status. Objective: To compare CD4 cell count, viral load and stage of HIV infection at admission of the patients for 10 years. Method: 578 clinical records were reviewed of patients infected with HIV, catered in the period 2007-2016, in CAPASITS Chihuahua. CD4 cell count, viral load and stage of HIV infection were compared yearly. Results: There was no significant difference in the CD4 cell count with p=0.272, in the initial viral load with p=0.653, and not in the infection stage with p=0.466, at admission, during the 10 years reviewed. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in the 3 variables, which suggests that the patients entered with the same clinical and immunological deterioration during the 10 years.","PeriodicalId":14896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87945275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Syndrome in HIV Infected Children Receiving Free HAART at a Centre of Excellence in HIV Care in Northern India","authors":"K. Rajeshwari, Chandrika Verma, R. Neha, B. Koner, S. Anuradha","doi":"10.33696//AIDS.2.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696//AIDS.2.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Children and adolescents infected with HIV through mother to child transmission are exposed to HIV related complications and anti-retroviral treatment adverse effects since conception and are more vulnerable to develop the metabolic complications. This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors in HIV infected children aged 6-15 years using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Methods: A total of 45 HIV infected children in the age group of 6-15 years were enrolled from the Anti-Retroviral Treatment Clinic of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Demographic details, clinical profile, immunological data and treatment details were obtained from clinic records. Anthropometric measurements recorded were weight, height, BMI, waist circumference. Biochemical parameters measured were fasting lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C), blood sugar, serum insulin level and CD4+ cell count. Results: More than half of the participants were undernourished (57.7% had weight for age <-2z score). Most common metabolic abnormality noted was low HDL cholesterol levels (53.3%). 6.6% patients were noted to have insulin resistance. Significant association of protease inhibitor-based ART regimes with dyslipidemia was observed (p value=0.02). Metabolic syndrome could not be established in any participant as per the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria since all had waist circumference less than the cut off range. Conclusion: Although full blown metabolic syndrome could not be established in the study population, significant metabolic derangements mainly dyslipidemia were noted in them even with concurrent malnutrition. Close monitoring and follow up for metabolic derangements and subsequent development of metabolic syndrome should be actively looked for in these children.","PeriodicalId":14896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75715021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling an Atypical Response to HIV-1 Infection by the Patient Carrier of the Beta-S Globin Gene and Duffy Antigen Gene Double Mutation","authors":"P. L. Anzwal, M. Ekwalanga, Athy Kalumba Kambote, J. Kasali, S. Saragosti, H. Situakibanza, J. Gonzalez","doi":"10.33696//aids.2.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33696//aids.2.005","url":null,"abstract":"It is generally accepted that red blood cell mutations have an effect on the carrier’s response when exposed to certain pathogen agents. The present study was designed, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), to investigate the potential impact of the Duffy gene mutation associated with the carrier high susceptibility for HIV infection and, the low AIDS progress of the patient carrier of sickle-cell trait gene. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of four years from 2013 to 2017 in Lubumbashi (Capital of the HautKatanga, the Southernmost province of the Democratic Republic of Congo). Three cohorts were identified including: 194 patients with homozygous (βS/βS) mutation of sickle-cell anemia (i.e. Sickle Cell Disease, SCD) and their susceptibility to HIV-1 infection; 21 HIV-1 infected heterozygous (βA/βS) patients; 59 none βS carrier (βA/βA) of the general population. Furthermore, HIV-1 infected were also divided in two categories with or without antiretroviral therapy (ART). All patients were subjected to HIV-1 antibody and viral load detection, CD4+T-cell count, sickle-cell trait diagnosis (i.e. βS gene) and, Duffy antigen detection. All participants were Duffy group negative (Duffy-46C/C). Among 194 homozygous (βS/βS) SCD patients, only two were found HIV1 positive with a rate of 1.03% as compared to 4% observed in DRC from the general population. One of the two homozygous (βS/βS) SCD patients HIV-1 positive, without ARV, showed an HIV-1 viral load of 14,185 copies/ml, when the non-carriers (βA/βA) HIV-1 positive patients, with ARV therapy, have a four-time higher viral load average of 56,088 copies/ml. Moreover, two heterozygous (βA/βS) patients HIV-1 positive patients, without ARV therapy, presented a significant (p<0.01) lower viral load average of 7,401 copies/ml as compared to the non-carriers (βA/βA) HIV-1 positive patients either with or without ARV therapy. The homozygous (βS/βS) SCD patients presented a CD4+Tcell count of of 450 CD4/mm3 respectively higher as compared to 244 and 431 CD4/mm3 of the two HIV-1 positive heterozygous (βA/ βS) patients and the 8 non-carriers (βA/βA) HIV-1 positive patients, all without ARV therapy. However, when one compared the CD4+Tcell count of heterozygous (βA/βS) HIV-1 patients and βA/βA HIV-1 patients under ARV therapy, the former presented a significant (p<0.01) higher CD4 count than the latter. In conclusion, the one homozygous (βS/βS) SCD Duffy-46C/C HIV-1 positive patients without ARV therapy, showed, a higher CD4+Tcell count, without significant reduction of viral load, without any AIDS clinical signs. Furthermore, the heterozygous (βA/ βS) HIV-1 patients disclosed a significant higher CD4+Tcell count as well as a viral load reduction, therefore appeared to be better responder to ARV therapy than the (βA/βA) HIV-1 positive patients. As it has been generally observed, African homozygous and heterozygous (βA/βS) patients, systematically bared the double βS and Duffy -46","PeriodicalId":14896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AIDS and HIV treatment","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73004760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}