Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of improved mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties for yield in the moisture stress conditions of Abergelle Areas, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Atsbha Gebresilasie, Shambel Syum, H. Meresa, Fantaye Belay","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.161","url":null,"abstract":"Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) also known as green gram, golden gram, Oregon peas and chokoro (Swahili), is an economically important short duration legume crop for drought prone/ moisture stressed areas. Due to drought escape/early maturity in case of terminal drought in Ethiopia, improvement of grain yield of Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is the main objective to avoid food insecurity. A field experiment was carried out during the 2016 and 2017 main cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications in order to evaluate eight characteristics viz., days to 50% flowering, seed filling period, 90% physiological maturity, plant height, number of pod per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield and thousand seed weight for six mung bean varieties under rain-fed conditions at Abergelle Agricultural Research Center on station in Ethiopia. Analysis of variance showed that, differences varietal was observed for traits studied (p≤ 0.05) except number of pods per plant. The variety Rasa had better performance than the other varieties with the highest seed yield (1776 kg ha-1), while the lowest seed yield was obtained from local Sheraro (889 kg ha-1). Thus, Rasa is recommended as promising variety to the farmers of Abergelle areas.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83122043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro studies of 3-O-Methylquercetin against phytopathogenic fungi of major cereals","authors":"T. Slanec, P. Graupner, S. Fotso, D. Hahn, C. Klittich, J. Wagacha, C. Lukhoba, S. F. Dossaji, C. Kitonde, Q. Xiong","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.145","url":null,"abstract":"Maize, wheat, and rice are major cereal crops in the world, which provide more caloric energy than any other type of cereal class. In recent years, the yield of these cereal grains has stagnated due to a myriad of constraints, including infestation by pests and pathogens. Plant pathogens, especially agricultural phytopathogenic fungi, may be resistant to the available chemical fungicides which may have detrimental effects and are expensive. This study investigated whether natural products isolated from Linzia glabra Steetz of family Asteraceae could be used as alternative antifungals for control of cereal diseases caused by agricultural fungi. A single pure fraction was separated and identified from L. glabra methanolic flower crude extract using high performance liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry methods. The pure fraction isolated was tested for inhibition of spore germination in vitro against Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Zymoseptoria tritici, Ustilago maydis, and Pyricularia oryzae. The fraction was identified as a flavonol, 3-O-Methylquercetin using high resolution mass spectrometry. Among the fungi tested, spores of Z. tritici were the most susceptible to 3-O-Methylquercetin (44% spore inhibition), followed by F. oxysporum (33% inhibition) at 27 μg/mL. Azoxystrobin, a standard commercialized fungicide, gave a complete inhibition of 100% against Z. tritici and 58% inhibition against F. oxysporum at 5 μg/mL. L. glabra contains flavonols with antifungal activity, but the modest and weak antifungal activity of 3-O-Methylquercetin compared to a standard such as azoxystrobin demonstrates the challenge to produce highly potent natural product fungicides. There is need for continued search for antifungals with new modes of action as solutions to challenges in agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85923113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biostimulatory and carbon sequestration potentials of neem seed-based fertilizer formulation in nicosulfuron contaminated soil","authors":"S. Adejoro","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.132","url":null,"abstract":"Neem seed cake has been reported to make nutrients available to support good growth of crops and increase yield. This ease of nutrient release is also required in a potential bio-stimulant. This study assessed the potentials of a neem seed-based fertilizer formulation as a bio-stimulant to aid continued nutrient mineralization from an organic source in contaminated soil samples. Neem seed-based organomineral formulation was added to soil samples contaminated with two field rates (40 and 60 mg.a. i ha-1) of nicosulfuron herbicide to assess their separate and interaction effects on soil microbial activity in the laboratory. The treated samples were incubated for 8 weeks, and soil microbial activity was monitored in dynamics for the period of incubation. Data on soil basal respiration, soil organic carbon, and soil carbon mineralization quotient (qM) were collected on weekly basis for the 8 weeks. Application of nicosulfuron alone regardless of rate repressed soil basal respiration; hence carbon mineralization in the early weeks of the incubation period, but these parameters were stimulated after the 5th week of incubation. Addition of the neem formulation on the other hand caused consistent significant stimulation from the beginning to the end of incubation. Results further showed that combining nicosulfuron and the neem formulation raised soil basal respiration significantly above what individual factor contributed. It was therefore concluded that although the individual factor was found to increase CO2-C compared to the control at the end of incubation, the interaction of the two inputs raised CO2-C even higher. This is an indication that the neem seed cake formulation has the potentials to cushion the adverse effects of nicosulfuron contamination on the soil microbial community.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86296279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fortification of sweet potato progenies for enhanced root dry matter and micro-nutrient density through genetic recombination","authors":"A. Okereke, U. O. Aguwa, G. Nwaigwe, I. Nwankwo, N. Amanze","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.143","url":null,"abstract":"Experiment was conducted in the rainforest agro-eco-zone of Southeastern Nigeria under rain fed condition at the sweet potato breeding ground of National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria to generate 10,000 botanical seeds for further evaluation for high root yield, dry matter and micro-nutrient content, to identify high flowering parent(s) and to select compatible parent(s) for further genetic recombination. The treatment which consisted of 14 parents of bi-parental crossing was laid out in a randomized complete block design with seven parents, each per plot per block and replicated three times while the other seven parents were maintained in different plots as pollen donors. Data collected were on: total number of emerged flowers visually counted, total number of flowers covered, total number of flowers pollinated, total number of capsules formed, total number of flowers aborted, total number of seeds obtained from crosses, number of good seeds, number of unfilled seeds, percentage of good seeds. Data collected were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 15.0). Differences between means were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) while means separation was done using standard error of difference means at 5% probability. The results obtained showed that despite the seemingly high total number of flowers produced from the controlled crosses (14520), only 17.4% of this figure yielded good seeds. The objective of realizing 10,000 botanical seeds through the hand pollination was not achieved as a result of high flower abortion arising probably from moisture stress which was severe during seed filling. The variety Tio-joe gave the highest flower production of 2334. The relatively high number of capsules of 347obtained from the cross between UMUSPO 3 and NRSP/2 indicated high compatibility between the two parents which suggested that the two parents could be used for further recombination for micro-nutrient enhancement.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90757592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of agricultural development policies in promoting Africa’s structural transformation","authors":"E. Eze, M. Okwara, U. G. Anyanwu, E. Osuji, A. Henri-Ukoha","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.139","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture plays a dominant role in promoting Africa’s structural transformations with evolving policy measures such as the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP), Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) and the Maputo Declaration signed by the African heads of State at the Second Ordinary Assembly of the African Union in 2003. These policy measures are geared towards raising Africa’s Gross Domestic Product, (GDP) and inducing export promotion while cutting down on import goods. Raising the performance of the Africa’s agriculture is, therefore, crucial to achieving sustained structural transformation in all sectors of African economy. The emergence of Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) has also helped in alleviating most of the problems facing African farmers at a time and re-positioning African agriculture to embrace advanced structural changes for all inclusive transformation growth. The review therefore recommends African governments to fully maximize the benefits of these developmental policy measures to foster economic growth, development and impactful transformation across all sectors of the African economy.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83890158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of food prices on consumption pattern of consumers: A case study of Lafia Local Government Area Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"E. Onuk","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.144","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the effects of food prices on consumption pattern of consumers in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained from a sample of 100 households. The data collected were first classified according to the income level of the respondents and then descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were applied. The result of the study indicated that about 36% of the respondents fell within the age bracket of 41 to 50 years while 76% of the respondents were male and 94% of the respondents were married. The result further showed that 42% of the respondents had a family size of between 6 to 10 persons. Also 49% of the respondents had at least tertiary education and 40% were civil servants and 59% of the respondents were high income earners. The study indicated the consumption pattern of the respondents and revealed that the three categories of income groups consumed almost the same quantity of basic food items. Meanwhile the result also showed that higher expenditure was observed amongst the lower income groups for rice, cowpea, palm oil and yam with frequencies of 15.0, 15.1, 8.3 and 8.3% respectively. There was significant difference between the income groups as determined by the one-way analysis of variance (F = 3.4) with cowpea highly significant at 5% level. The study also revealed the major cause of variations in food prices which included high cost of transportation, farmers/herdsmen clashes, and removal of fertilizer subsidy among others. Based on the findings, the study recommends that government should intervene through food policy to mitigate the effects of food price volatility and government should try and end the clashes between farmers and herdsmen in important producing states.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86032542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological limits and management practices of major arthropod pests of tomato in Kenya","authors":"E. Lingeera, W. Ochilo, G. Nyamasyo, D. Kilalo, W. Otieno, Florence Chege, M. Otipa, T. Karanja","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.124","url":null,"abstract":"In Kenya, tomato is cultivated for home consumption, as a cash crop, and a source of vitamins. In recent years, the growth rate of tomato production in the country has increased. Yields, however, continue to remain low due to a myriad of constraints, including incidences of arthropod pests. This paper catalogues arthropod pests of tomato in Kenya, establishes the pests’ distribution patterns in relation to spatial and temporal dimensions and documents practices employed by farmers for their management. The study relies on plant health clinics as primary providers of data. Relationship between variables is proved using multinomial logistic regression. A diverse range of arthropod pests was found to hamper tomato production in Kenya. Tomato leaf miner, whiteflies, and spider mites emerged as the major threats to the sustainability of tomato production. Most of the arthropod pests reported were associated with upper and lower midland agro-ecological zones. The reverse, however, was true for upper highland zones. For the management of arthropod pests, essentially, the use of synthetic pesticides was the preferred practice by farmers. The study underscores the need to consider variations in arthropod pests’ risk, both spatially and temporally when designing their management strategies. Also, alternative management procedures to the use of highly hazardous pesticides and better assessments of potential profit-loss to a smallholder for application and non-application of highly hazardous pesticides are required.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78694078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of vulnerability of headed households to food insecurity in Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria: A gender based analysis","authors":"E. G. Luka, A. A. Girei, E. Onuk","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.128","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the determinants of vulnerability of headed households to food insecurity in Lafia Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria: A gender based analysis. The specific objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of male and female headed households in the study area; identify the determinants of vulnerability of households to food insecurity and identify the effects of food insecurity on male and female headed households in Lafia Local Government Area. A two-stage sampling technique was adopted to select the respondents. The data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency counts and percentages, t-test and linear regression. Majority of male and female headed households had secondary education and low income level. The result also indicated that there was significance difference in the effects between male and female headed households in the study area, implying that the female headed households are more vulnerable to the determinants of food insecurity compare to the male headed households. The result also revealed that the effect of the independent variables which are the determinants of vulnerability of headed households to food insecurity indicated that three variables, farm size, educational level and income level had a positive relationship, while sex (gender), marital status, occupation, type of labour and access to extension had a negative relationship. The R2 = 0.196 implies that about 20% of the analysis predicted that the independent variables were selected on the level of headed household’s food insecurity effect on vulnerability to food insecurity. The result therefore recommended for further studies to be conducted on the area of food security by considering detail and accurate information on various variables including political, climatic and weather (rainfall and temperature), topography, natural disasters, ecological conditions and other factors that affect food security.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87183396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying farmers' preferred agronomic traits and participatory bread wheat variety selection","authors":"Agegnehu Mekonnen, Akalu Gebru, Arega Gashaw","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.131","url":null,"abstract":"Farmers participatory bread wheat variety selection (PVS) was carried-out at major wheat producing areas of South Wollo, Ethiopia in the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. Fifteen recently released bread wheat varieties along with local variety were evaluated for yield and yield-related traits, with the objective of quantifying farmers' preferred agronomic traits and to associate farmers' qualitative selection with conventional breeding evaluation technique. The experiment was laid-out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times, where farmer's field was used as a replication. Prior to evaluating the performance of the tested bread wheat varieties, progressive farmers listed-down and weighed the major farmers' preferred agronomic traits for bread wheat breeding and selection. Accordingly, they identified eight major quantitative and qualitative traits; categorized as cold tolerance, disease tolerance, earliness, kernel color, spike length, spike density, tillering potential and kernel boldness. Cold tolerance, disease tolerance and earliness were identified the major traits that predominantly determines wheat productivity and received 22%, 16% and 13% of farmers’ selection criteria, respectively. Kernel color affects consumers' and market preferences, where white kernelled wheat grains fetch good market price. Thus, kernel color received 13% of farmers’ selection index. On the other hand, spike length, spike density, tillering potential and kernel boldness received 11, 9, 10 and 6% of the farmers' selection index, respectively. Bearing the set traits in mind, farmers evaluated the tested bread wheat varieties at maturity stage. Based on their overall evaluation, farmers preferred Danda'a, Ogolcho and King-bird at Legambo, Wogdie and Borena districts. On the other hand, Hidase was selected at Kelela district out-yielding the rest of the tested varieties. Breeders’ quantitative analysis also confirmed results of farmers' qualitative selection, justifying the presence of farmers' untapped breeding and selection experiences that could be utilized in modern conventional breeding program. Therefore, breeders should involve farmers as main partners in crop breeding and selection program and augment conventional breeding skills with traditional farmers’ knowledge.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87607398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of yield stability of malt barley genotypes under terminal moisture stressed areas of North Wollo, Ethiopia","authors":"Akalu Gebru, Agegnehu Mekonnen, Arega Gashaw","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.121","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted at Estayish, Geregera and Kon testing sites of Sirinka Agricultural Research Center (SARC), North Wollo, Ethiopia for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014) during the main season with the objective of evaluating the performance of malt barley genotypes for grain yield and yield stability under diverse environments. Fifteen promising malt barley genotypes, along with the standard check (Miscal 21) were evaluated using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), replicated three times. Genotypes were row-planted on a plot size of 3 m2. N and P2O5, in the form of Urea and Di-Ammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizers, were applied at the rate of 23 kg ha-1 and 46 kg ha-1, respectively and all other cultural practices were carried-out uniformly for all treatments as required. Grain yield was recorded from the central four rows (2 m2) and measured with sensitive balance. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Genstat software package 16th edition. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to separate means. Genotype by Genotype-Environment (GGE) biplot model was employed to analyze phenotypic stability of malt barley genotypes for grain yield. ANOVA depicted significant variations (p<0.01) among genotypes (G), years (Y), locations (L) and their two and three way interactions for grain yield. The presence of significant variations among the tested malt barley genotypes for grain yield indicated the possibility of improving productivity of malt barley through selection. However, the existence Genotype x Environment Interaction (GEI) revealed differential response of malt barley genotype across environments, necessitating to develop environmentally less sensitive malt barley genotype. Analysis of GGE revealed that G6 and G11 were close to the ideal genotype and hence recommended for major barley producing areas of North Wollo.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79557784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}