Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Identification of new sources of resistance to stem rust race Ug99 (TTKSK) in wheat genotypes","authors":"F. Abate, P. Rubaihayo, Hailay Mehari, Seid Ahmed, T. Odong","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.175","url":null,"abstract":"Stem rust disease which caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the major wheat production constraints in the high lands of central, south eastern and north western part of Ethiopia. The disease had caused up to 100% yield loss on the unprotected wheat farms. This study was conducted to identify new sources of resistance to stem rust disease. After the removal of genotypes that showed a major gene (race specific) resistance expression at seedling test, 60 selected genotypes were evaluated for their adult plant resistance to stem rust and agronomic traits across three locations (Debrezeit, Adet and Kulmsa) using a 5 × 12 alpha lattice design with three replications. Genotypes showed a highly significant difference (p = 0.001) on the traits of final rust severity (FRS), area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), coefficient of infection (CI) and apparent infection rate (r) at different locations. Moreover, combined analysis of variance also showed the presence of highly significant effects of genotypes, environments and GE interaction on the magnitude of FRS, AUDPC, CI, r, days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), hectoliter weight (HLW), thousands kernel weigh (TKW) and grain yield (GY) across testing locations. The correlation analysis revealed the presence of positive highly significant (p<0.001) relationship of FRS with both CI (r=0.894) and AUDPC (r=0.877). A positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlation was also observed between CI and AUDPC (r=0.996) of the tested genotypes. Principal component analysis indicated that only the first four principal components (PCs) explained 86.58% of the total variation among the tested genotypes. Cluster analysis also confirmed the presence of variation among the tested genotypes by dividing them into five major groups. In this study, four bread wheat genotypes (G12, G60, G31 and G52) were found to be resistant to stem rust disease across the three locations and could be used as source of stem rust resistance in future wheat improvement program.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86234385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of farm yard manure (sheep bedding) on the soil fertility, leaf mineral composition, and growth performance of oil palm seedlings","authors":"F. Danso, S. Anim-Okyere, E. Larbi, I. Danso","doi":"10.31248/JASP2018.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2018.072","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance and leaf mineral composition of oil palm seedlings as influenced by the application of sheep manure. Partially decomposed farmyard manure from sheep was mixed with soil and filled into polybags (28 cm x 35 cm lay flat) in proportions as treatments: (25% soil: 75% FYM); (50% soil: 50% FYM); (75% soil: 25% FYM); and (100% soil + NPK 15:15:15) as control. The treatments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four (4) replications. Assessment was made for morphological growth (plant height, leaf number, and butt circumference), physiological growth (crown and root biomass) and leaf nutrients status analysed for N, P, K, Ca and Mg. There was no significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference observed in growth parameters. It was however observed that treatments with a higher amount of manure (25% soil: 75% FYM) showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher biomass production than the control. The leaf nutrients analysis for N, P, K, Ca and Mg indicated lower concentration than their respective optimum levels. This study revealed that oil palm seedlings can grow well on soil amended with farmyard manure from sheep and that higher percentage of 25% soil: 75% FYM seem more promising. The FYM application will help boost the vegetative growth of oil palm seedling thus reducing inorganic fertilizer application in the nursery.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88772743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of incubators capacity building on agribusiness in Sudan","authors":"S. Baba, M. Thiong’o","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.172","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of incubation on growth of agribusiness in Africa. The target population for this paper was incubators based in Sudan. The research comprised of 160 youth incubators (from four States). Data was collected using structured questionnaires and interviews from the selected respondents. The finding showed that all the incubations reviewed had good facilities to conduct training. Most of the training offered by incubations were to increase the productivities and very few trainings on promotion of the business. These findings revealed that incubators in Sudan lacked critical knowledge to fully develop agribusiness owned by the youths into high profitable business. The findings confirmed that agribusiness incubators in Sudan ranked very low on business case skills, collaboration and partnership, analytical and problem-solving skills, financial fundamentals, team work and sales skills which are the core aspects of business growth. This study concludes that the significance of the business incubation on growth of youth agribusiness enterprises is directly proportion to capacity of the incubators. Based on the findings, there is need for incubators in Africa across all sectors to build their capacity to become effective in supporting startups.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87036378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative evaluation of effect of carbofuran 5G, chlorpyrifos 20Ec and chilli pepper aqueous extract on the growth, fruit yield and control of Podagrica uniformis of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. moench) in Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"R. N. Nkollo, S. Awere","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.164","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment to comparatively evaluate the effect of carbofuran 5G, chlorpyrifos 20Ec and chilli pepper aqueous extract on the growth, yield and control of insect pest of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, southeastern Nigeria during the 2017 rainy season between the months of April and October. The experimental design was randomized complete block (RCB) with four (4) treatments replicated five (5) times. Parameters assessed were plant height(cm), number of feeding holes created by leaf beetles (Podagrica uniformis) per plant, number of flowers per plant, number of fruits per plant, leaf area index and fruit yield (t ha-1). The result of the experiment showed a significant (p<0.05) treatment effect on all the parameters measured/assessed except leaf area index. Plots treated with carbofuran 5G recorded highest on all the parameters assessed except number of feeding holes created by P.uniformis per plant as follows; mean plant height of 45.45 cm, mean number of 4.20 fruits per plant, mean leaf area index of 4.18, mean number of 48.60 feeding holes created by Podagrica per plant and mean fruit yield of 1.79 t ha-1.The efficacy of Chilli pepper aqueous extract (bio-insecticide) in the control of a major insect pest (Podagrica uniformis), growth and yield of okra did not significantly differ from that of chlorpyrifos 20Ec (Synthetic insecticide), the use of Chilli pepper aqueous extract to okra producers in Enugu area is therefore recommend as a better substitute to synthetic insecticide.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78361170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on chemical elements and anti-nutrients compositions of three traditional vegetable oils in Nigeria","authors":"Uche Ibanga, Janet O. Fakunle, A. Raji, K. A. Sogunle","doi":"10.31248/jasp2019.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasp2019.155","url":null,"abstract":"Melon (Citrullus vulgaris), groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa) seeds have been established as major sources of edible oils, but scientific data is scanty on their minerals, heavy metals and anti-nutrient contents. Manually extracted vegetable oils from melon, groundnut and shea butter were analyzed in triplicates for some minerals (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium), heavy metals (copper, iron, lead and zinc) and anti-nutrients (tannin, saponin, oxalate and gossypol) using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Model 210 VGP standard procedures. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and results expressed as means and standard deviation accepted at p≤0.05. Sodium (40.50 to 41.10 mg/100g), potassium (702.00 to 704.36 mg/100g); magnesium (3.51 mg/100g) and calcium (2.56 mg/100g) were in the oils and they did not differ from one another at p≤0.05. The heavy metals in the oils were not significantly different from each other. They ranged from 0.0002 to 0.0004 mg/kg for lead (Pb); 0.00 to 0.0002 mg/kg for copper (Cu); 0.0005 to 0.0006 mg/kg for iron (Fe) and 0.0012 to 0.0015 mg/kg for zinc (Zn). Anti-nutrient, tannin from melon differed significantly from those of groundnut and shea butter oils at p≤0.05. Melon oil had the least saponin (0.05 mg/100g) and the three oils had the same oxalate content (0.33 mg/100g). Their gossypol content differed significantly from one another. Shea butter and groundnut oil had the lowest (0.44 µg/100g) and highest (1.07µg/100g) gossypol contents respectively. The evaluated heavy metals in all the tested oils were lower than the maximum permissible values by FAO/WHO. Further studies on phytates content and other heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic and mercury are recommended before the oils are certified safe for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81731983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping and characterization of stakeholders in the fodder value chain in Southern Rangelands of Kenya: Understanding their roles, interactions and influences","authors":"Erick Ouma Omollo1*,, Stanley Odhiambo Jawuoro1, Oliver Vivian Wasonga1, Danny Simatele2","doi":"10.31248/jasp2019.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/jasp2019.162","url":null,"abstract":"Livestock production is the most important economic activity in Kenya. Land use practice in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) of Kenya is most affected by droughts, which lead to pasture scarcity. Fodder production has been adopted by communities in ASALs to enhance feed availability and generating alternative source of livelihood. However, the scale of fodder production remains low, with poor markets being key challenge in realizing the economic benefits of fodder production. This study was conducted in Makueni and Kajiado Counties to understand institutional structures and stakeholders together with their roles and influences on fodder production and marketing. The two counties were purposively selected as they were some of the target areas where fodder production practices and technologies had been promoted. Data was collected through NetMap tool for identifying and mapping actors, their roles, influence and interactions along the value chain. NetMaps were subjected to quantitative analysis using Organizational Risk Analysis tool in Social Network Analysis to map, as well as measure relationships and influences of stakeholders and examine their relative positions. Results revealed that various stakeholders play multiple roles along the chain, which determine their position and influence in decision-making. Most influential actors included Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), NGOs and CBOs – they determine access to information, technical and funding resources and markets; thus, key in upscaling, out-scaling and commercialization of fodder production in the study areas. Working in groups enabled producers to easily access technical support, information and interact with other stakeholders in the chain. Efforts for enhancing fodder production should provide more technical support and capacity building to CBOs due to their centrality and strategic position in the network which make them the main stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"236 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79043726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximum likelihood estimation technique of grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) production in Osun State, Nigeria","authors":"P. Owombo, W. O. Akinbode, A. A. Akinola, M. S. Olatidoye","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.146","url":null,"abstract":"The study estimated quantitatively the technical efficiency of production and its determinants in grasscutter enterprise in Osun State, Nigeria, using a stochastic production frontier function approach. A total of Seventy-two grasscutter farmers across the three agricultural zones were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected on the socio-economic characteristics and other variables of interest such as prices of production inputs and output, through a well-structured questionnaire. The Maximum Likelihood Cobb-Douglas estimation procedure was used. Careful analysis revealed that labour, concentrates, capital and farm size were identified as the major determinants of the total output of grasscutter enterprise in the study area. The study also showed that membership of cooperative, access to credit, level of education and extension contact significantly influenced efficiency level in the study area. The maximum technical efficiency attained by the farmers was 93% while the minimum technical efficiency was found to be 45%. The mean technical efficiency (MTE) was 86%. The sum of output elasticities which denotes returns to scale was established at 1.04 signifying increased returns to scale. In essence, the enterprise did not attain maximum production frontier. Based on these findings, it is recommended that efficiency could be increased through better use of available resources, access to credit facilities and assisting and encouraging the farmers in joining cooperative societies so as to have access to loans. Also, educational programmes should be organized to sensitize farmers more on how to improve on their efficiency level.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73066927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of extension methods in adopting the planting of improved varieties of sorghum and millet in Sheikan locality, Sudan","authors":"Maki A. Murhal, M. Hamad, Ahmed Y. M. Kair","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.142","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted in Sheikan locality at North Kordofan State during the period 2014 to 2016. The main objective of the study is to identify the efficiency of some extension methods in convincing farmers to adopt planting some selected improved crops varieties. Seven villages were selected which represent 5% of the total number of the locality villages and 129 framers representing ten percent from the total head households were selected as sample. The respondents from each village were randomly selected. Primary and secondary sources were used to obtain the require information. Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. The results showed that all the respondents confirmed that farming is their main job and used traditional practices, 47.3% of the respondents indicated that the demonstration farms is the most suitable and effective method to convince farmers for practicing planting improved varieties. The results of Chi-square test showed significant differences among the respondents towards using farmer's schools as effective method in adopting planting improve millet and sorghum seeds (X2=6.839, p=0.009) and (X2=4.390, p=0.036) respectively. Also, Chi- squire test revealed significant differences regarding use of demonstration plot with improve sorghum variety (X2 = 5.869, p = 0.015), while showed significant differences regarding use of field trips with improve Millet seed. (X2 =3.673, p=.0055). This study recommends concentration on using demonstration fields and farmers field schools.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78259272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain quality and yield response of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) varieties to different rates of blended fertilizer at Kulumsa, South-eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Melaku Tafese Awulachew","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.154","url":null,"abstract":"This study was initiated to assess the effect of blended fertilizer of Nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), sulfur(S) and boron(B) rate on yield and quality of Ethiopian newly release varieties of wane (2016) and king bird (2015) of bread wheat varieties by Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center Wheat Breeding Program. A field experiment was carried out in 2018 robi season to determine grain quality and yield response of bread wheat varieties to different rate of fertilizer. The treatments was factorial combination of eight levels control, recommended PN (150 kg ha-1 TSP (69 P2O5) + 158.7 kg ha-1 Urea (73 N), 100 kg NPSB (18.1N + 36.1P2O5 + 6.7S + 0.71B), 100 kg NPSB + Rec. Urea (46 kg N) , 150 kg NPSB + Rec. Urea, 200 kg NPSB + Rec. Urea, 250 kg NPSB + Rec. Urea, 300 kg NPSB + Rec. Urea) and two bread wheat varieties (wane and king bird). The experiment design was laid in Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial arrangement of two varieties. Phonological traits, grain quality parameters and yield were taken as experimental variables. The result showed that grain yield, thousand kernel weight and hectoliter weight were significantly affected by interaction of fertilizer rate and varieties. However, days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of productive tillers, straw yield and number of grains per spike were significantly affected by both fertilizer rate and varieties. The highest Seeds per spick (53.9), thousand kernel weight (37.3 g), and SY (9071.7 kg ha-1) in the main effect were recorded from 300 kg NPSB treatment with supplementary urea, whereas grain protein content (12.1%) was recorded from 73/69 kg recommended NP (12.1%). The interaction effect of PT and BY showed that variety Wane scored Wane7.7 PT and 14053 kg ha-1 as compared to 6.0 PT and 12009 kg ha-1 BY in variety Kingbird at 300 kg NPSB fertilizer treatment with supplementary urea; whereas the least was observed at control. The higher GY was produced in Wane (4236 kg ha-1) variety at 300 kg NPSB fertilizer treatment; but in Kingbird (3737 kg ha-1) variety 200 kg NPSB fertilizer treatment with supplementary urea. Wane variety was found to be better in terms of both agronomic and economical feasible. However, as the experiment was conducted only for a single season, the repeat of the study is suggested for more seasons around Kulumsa area and similar agro ecology.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88289217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of agricultural pollution on the economic environment of Nigeria: The way out","authors":"Juliana A. Oboniye, Mike Aigbe Osajiele, O. Okojie","doi":"10.31248/JASP2019.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31248/JASP2019.159","url":null,"abstract":"Man’s effort to provide food, shelter and other basic needs for the increasing human population have resulted in environmental consequences such as agricultural pollution. However, enough understanding of its impact has not been gained by the farmers to be able to address the problems. This paper therefore x-rayed the impact of agricultural pollution on the economic environment; reduction of soil flora and fauna, eutrophication, biomagnifications, rapid oxidation of mineral elements, global warming, blocking of water ways, health challenges, destruction of crops and farm animals, war and conflict, soil erosion and reduction of soil water, nutrients and air transmissions amongst others. Recommendations were consequently made to include laws and regulations that will strictly protect the economic environment, the use of biopesticide, herbicides zero tillage and environmental awareness to the rural population with low literacy level. Meeting the food needs of an ever-increasing global population is difficult but countries must meet the growing food needs while alleviating the effect on agricultural production on land-based ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":14890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77261646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}