Journal of African Earth Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Basement architecture and structural styles of part of the Nigerian sector of the Chad Basin (Bornu Basin)","authors":"Solomon Nehemiah Yusuf ,&nbsp;Ezekiel Yusuf Yenne ,&nbsp;Mubarak Umar Faruk","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lineament detection and depth estimation methods based on advanced aeromagnetic data were applied to the Nigerian sector of the Chad (Bornu) Basin to delineate structural framework, basement configuration and evaluate their hydrocarbon significance. Power spectral analysis was used to separate deep and shallow magnetic sources, while Euler deconvolution and finite local wavenumber techniques estimated basement depths and mapped major fault systems. Derivative-based filters such as the second vertical derivatives (SVD), analytic signal and Goussev filter enhanced the definition of intrusive and tectonic features. The interpreted structures mainly trend NE–SW, ENE–WSW, and NNE–SSW, aligning with Pan-African reactivation and Cretaceous rifting that formed the basin. The depth of the basement ranges from 1 to 5 km, while sedimentary thicknesses lie between 2.3 and 5.2 km, suggesting substantial sedimentary sequences conducive to hydrocarbons generation and accumulation. Structural lows align with depocentres related to thermal maturation zones, whereas multiple mapped faults coincide with current deep well sites (Ngamma East-1, Ngor North-1, Kanadi-1, Krumta-1, and Murshe-01). The results confirm that basement geometry and fault-controlled deformation significantly influence hydrocarbon migration pathways within the Bornu Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 105979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unconformity-related fluorite-baryte-base metal mineralization in the Benue Trough, Nigeria: A multifluid origin triggered by the separation of Pangaea","authors":"Benjamin F. Walter ,&nbsp;Ndukauba Egesi ,&nbsp;Mohsin Raza ,&nbsp;Micheal Agbebia ,&nbsp;Fadila Adamu ,&nbsp;R. Johannes Giebel ,&nbsp;Michael A.W. Marks ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Chidi Ugbaja ,&nbsp;Gregor Markl","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unconformity-related hydrothermal vein-type deposits are key sources of high-purity fluorite, baryte, and base metals, with occurrences in Nigeria, particularly along the Benue Trough. However, the genesis of the Nigerian deposits is not well understood. This study examines fluid inclusion systematics from mineralized veins at Enyigba, Ameta, Ikwo, Otim Land, and Uburu-Abakaliki, using microthermometry, crush-leach analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Fluid inclusion microthermometry reveals homogenization temperatures between 99 and 190 °C and salinities of 18.3–22 wt%NaCl + CaCl₂, typical of unconformity-related hydrothermal vein systems. Geochemical data indicate the mineralizing fluids resulted from mixing of bittern brines (low Cl/Br), halite-dissolution brines (high Cl/Br), and oilfield brines, as shown by Cl/Br ratios and Rb/Cs values. Microraman spectroscopy suggests the presence of hydrocarbons, supporting the involvement of reduced oilfield brines. These findings point to a complex fluid mixing process, likely driven by crustal-scale faulting during the rifting of the Benue Trough in the context of Pangaea break-up. This research suggests a common ore-forming process for the Nigerian deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 105964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydrodynamic regimes on sediment transport and grain size distribution in the Oualidia Lagoon (Morocco): A numerical modeling approach","authors":"Mohammed Bouchkara ,&nbsp;Nouhaila Erraji Chahid ,&nbsp;Imane Joudar ,&nbsp;Otmane Khalfaoui ,&nbsp;Hamza El Behja ,&nbsp;Aïssa Benazzouz ,&nbsp;Bendahhou Zourarah ,&nbsp;Khalid El Khalidi","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal lagoons are dynamic coastal ecosystems that support biodiversity, regulate water quality, and provide essential ecological services. Understanding their sediment dynamics is crucial for sustainable management, particularly under growing human pressures and climate change impacts. This study investigates the hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes of the Oualidia Lagoon (Morocco) by integrating numerical hydrodynamic modelling (MIKE 21) with field observations. Tidal currents, wave action, and water levels were simulated, while Root Mean Square Velocity (RMSV) and water residence time (REST) were used to evaluate circulation efficiency and water retention. The results reveal pronounced spatial variability in hydrodynamic energy. Peak current speeds exceed 1 m s⁻¹ near the tidal inlets during spring tides, while wave analysis shows the dominance of NNW and WNW swells, which drive longshore drift and promote sediment deposition toward the sandpit and inlets. Based on RMSV and REST, three hydrodynamic zones were identified: a high-energy zone with coarse sands and limited deposition, a moderate-energy zone where erosion and deposition are balanced, and a low-energy zone favoring the accumulation of fine sediments.</div><div>This zonal classification demonstrates how hydrodynamic forcing controls sediment transport and distribution, thereby shaping the lagoon's geomorphological evolution. Importantly, this study provides a post-evaluation of management interventions such as sediment-trap dredging and dike breaching illustrating how these measures modified water circulation, reduced sediment confinement, and altered the hydrodynamic drivers of sediment transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 105980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating hydrogeochemical analysis and machine learning to assess surface–groundwater interactions in an arid basin (Middle Egypt)","authors":"Ahmed A. Abdelhady ,&nbsp;Mamdouh S. Morsi ,&nbsp;Nouria E.A. Aboshaala ,&nbsp;Mahmoud M. Khalil ,&nbsp;Hadi M. Elshourbagi ,&nbsp;Esam Ismail ,&nbsp;Esam El Sayed ,&nbsp;Ashraf M.T. Elewa ,&nbsp;Emad Youssef ,&nbsp;Basma A.A. Balboul","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding surface–groundwater interactions is essential for sustainable water resource management in arid regions, where water scarcity and water quality degradation pose critical challenges. This study explored the hydrochemical characteristics, dominant controlling processes, and linkages between surface water and groundwater in the arid Middle Egypt basin. Hydrochemical facies and major physicochemical parameters were compared for both water types, supported by multivariate statistics (principal component analysis and PERMANOVA) and machine-learning approaches (Random Forest and a hybrid K-nearest neighbor model). Results revealed distinct hydrochemical signatures, with surface waters characterized mainly by bicarbonate facies and groundwater exhibiting more mineralized sodium chloride and calcium chloride facies. Hydrochemical patterns suggest that surface water chemistry is influenced by evaporative concentration, whereas groundwater composition reflects mineral dissolution and cation exchange; however, these process interpretations are considered first-order and indicative rather than diagnostic. Random Forest analysis identified total cations, total anions, and electrical conductivity as the most important variables discriminating between surface water and groundwater. The hybrid KNN model indicated that surface water chemistry alone provided the strongest basis for predicting groundwater composition, with relatively high performance for Na, Cl, and Mg (R² = 0.71–0.84) but weak performance for hardness and sulfate. Chemical similarity showed no systematic distance-decay relationship, and spatial proximity was not a primary control on surface–groundwater chemical relationships. These findings highlight contrasting hydrogeochemical controls on surface water and groundwater in the Nile Valley and demonstrate the value of integrating hydrochemical analysis with machine-learning tools for improving understanding of surface–groundwater interactions in arid environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 105988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GIS-based evaluation of liquefaction susceptibility in the Türkoğlu district, Kahramanmaraş: A comparative analysis using LPI and LSI","authors":"Muhammet Çınar ,&nbsp;Mitat Öztürk ,&nbsp;Ahmet Özbek ,&nbsp;Alican Kop ,&nbsp;Bahadır Çelik","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil liquefaction is a significant geotechnical hazard in earthquake-prone regions, threatening infrastructure, human safety, and economic stability. This study investigates the spatial and depth-dependent characteristics of liquefaction potential of the Türkoğlu district in Kahramanmaraş Province, a region severely impacted by the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence (Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.6). A total of 28 boreholes were drilled to obtain geological and geotechnical data, including soil stratigraphy, groundwater level, and Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results, with disturbed and undisturbed samples collected for laboratory analysis. Liquefaction assessments were conducted using the Simplified Procedure for an Mw 7.8 scenario and a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.665 g, calculating the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) and Liquefaction Severity Index (LSI) for each site. LSI values ranged from 0 to 83.75, indicating risk levels from non-liquefiable to high hazard. The results were integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) to produce spatial liquefaction hazard maps at depths of 4 m, 8 m, and 12 m through geostatistical interpolation. The findings indicate that 76 % of the boreholes exhibit high to very high liquefaction potential according to LPI, and 60 % show moderate to high hazard according to LSI. These findings provide essential input for earthquake risk mitigation and sustainable urban planning in the Türkoğlu district.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 105985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Late Quaternary tectonics in moulding El Daba'a Plateau NW coast of Egypt: Stratigraphic and geophysical insights","authors":"Hesham M. El-Asmar,&nbsp;Mahmoud Sh. Felfla,&nbsp;Zaki A. Abdel-Fattah,&nbsp;Ehab M. Assal","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The El Daba'a Plateau, located along Egypt's northwestern Mediterranean coast, provides an excellent natural laboratory for investigating the interplay between neotectonics and Quaternary coastal evolution. This study integrates geomorphological, stratigraphic, and ground magnetic data to elucidate the plateau's morphotectonic development. The exposed succession comprises the Middle Miocene Marmarica Formation, including the Oasis and Siwa Escarpment Members, unconformably overlain by the Quaternary Alexandria Formation, which consists of Pleistocene–Holocene Third, Second and First aeolianite ridges. Magnetic investigations identified four Late Pleistocene normal faults, striking WNW–ESE and NNW–SSE at Jumaymah–Saniyat Turabiyah and Wadi Abu Samra, associated with vertical displacements of up to 15 m, and two ENE–WSW across the plateau's central part. These faults controlled the formation of coastal escarpments and low-lying embayments, moulding the plateau's present-day morphology. The integration of morphostratigraphic and geophysical datasets highlights novel findings regarding the neotectonic imprint along Egypt's northern passive margin and provides new insights into Late Quaternary crustal deformation and coastal evolution in the southeastern Mediterranean, with implications for regional geohazard assessment and landscape evolution models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 105969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatic and tectono-geomorphological controls on karst spring dynamics: Case study of the El Menzel Causse, Middle Atlas (Morocco)","authors":"Iliass Naouadir ,&nbsp;Marzieh Khalili ,&nbsp;Salih Muhammad Awadh ,&nbsp;Samira Adil ,&nbsp;El Hassane Chellai ,&nbsp;Mohammed Ettaki ,&nbsp;Abdennabi Alitane ,&nbsp;Abdallah Elaaraj ,&nbsp;Zaher Mundher Yaseen","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Karst aquifers in semi-arid regions are vital yet exceptionally vulnerable lifelines. This study investigates how tectonic, geomorphological, and climatic factors control the dynamics of karst springs in the El Menzel Causse (Middle Atlas, Morocco). Using an integrated approach that combines field investigations, remote sensing, and quantitative hydro-climatic analysis, we identify the mechanisms driving the system's severe decline. Results indicated that the structural architecture of the major fault systems in the North Middle Atlas Fault (NMAF) and the Median Middle Atlas Fault (MMAF), governs the spatial distribution of more than 50 springs, which occur preferentially within highly permeable fault damage zones. However, the aquifer is under severe climatic stress, evidenced by a statistically significant decline in precipitation and an increased frequency of droughts. The system's response appeared dramatic: only five springs remained active in 2024, with discharge reductions exceeding 80 % compared to historical records. Anthropogenic pressures including groundwater overextraction and wastewater contamination critically amplify this crisis. In conclusion, this research presents El Menzel as a “sentinel system” whose collapse serves as a warning for other karst regions worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for science-informed, adaptive water management strategies to prevent irreversible resource depletion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 105972"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of spatial and temporal variations of land surface temperature in Biskra, Algeria using remote sensing and GIS","authors":"Zohra Abdelkrim ,&nbsp;Saeid Eslamian","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban heat stress in semi-arid Algerian cities, such as Biskra, remains insufficiently studied. Investigating its spatial and temporal dynamics through integrated RS and GIS approaches is crucial for advancing sustainable urban planning and climate adaptation strategies.</div><div>This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal variations in land surface temperature (LST) between 2011 and 2022 in Biskra, Algeria, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. It further seeks to identify the zones most affected by elevated LST and to examine their relationship with vegetation, built-up, and water indices (NDVI, NDBI, NDWI).</div><div>The results reveal significant seasonal and decadal variations in land surface temperature (LST). During the summer months, LST exceeded 45 °C in several urban zones, reflecting strong heat accumulation and limited vegetation cover. In contrast, cooler months recorded temperatures below 20 °C, associated with higher vegetation and water presence, indicating improved ecological quality. Overall, the findings highlight how urban expansion and seasonal variability have intensified heat stress and degraded environmental conditions in Biskra semi-arid context.</div><div>The analysis reveals marked seasonal and decadal variations in urban heat across Biskra, with higher LST, intensified Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI), and lower Urban Thermal Field Variance Index (UTFVI) values indicating pronounced heat stress and reduced ecological quality during summer, contrasted by cooler and more balanced conditions in other seasons. These results emphasize the impact of urban expansion and seasonal variability on thermal stress and the vulnerability of Biskra urban environment, highlighting the need for vegetation-oriented and sustainable urban planning. Future research should employ higher-resolution data and predictive modeling to better understand urban thermal dynamics under climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 105942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145735098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The role of structural legacy in the compartmentalization of the Témara aquifer, Morocco: Insight from electrical resistivity tomography and field geological data” [J. Afr. Earth Sci. 234 (2026) 105935]","authors":"Abdessamia El Alaoui ,&nbsp;Nawal Bouya ,&nbsp;Bennacer Moussaid ,&nbsp;Said Ou Moua ,&nbsp;Lahssen Baidder ,&nbsp;Ahmed Fadili ,&nbsp;Imane Haidara ,&nbsp;Mohammed Slimani","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 105947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tin rich and barren tourmalines of Achemmach (El Hammam district, central Morocco): Mineralogy and physico-chemical characteristics of fluid phases","authors":"Azizi Moussaid ,&nbsp;Hafid Mezougane ,&nbsp;Ilyasse Loudaoued ,&nbsp;Mohmed Aissa ,&nbsp;Abdelali Kharis ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Voudouris ,&nbsp;Mohamed Aissa ,&nbsp;Mustapha Souhassou ,&nbsp;Muhammad Souiri ,&nbsp;Abderrahim Ardouz ,&nbsp;Hafid Ouahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2025.105973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Achemmach region, located east of the El Hammam district in northeastern Central Morocco, is characterized by significant tin mineralization. This mineralization is hosted in E-W trending Late Visean tourmaline-bearing brecciated veins developed within sandstones and mudstones, contrasting with barren NE-SW trending tourmaline structures. Electron microprobe analyses reveal that tourmalines from the barren zones belong to metamorphic-type schorl-dravite solid solutions (up to 50 mol% dravite), whereas those from mineralized zones are granitic schorlites with significant fluorine contents (up to 0.15 apfu F). A paragenetic assemblage composed of cassiterite, stannite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, and sphalerite was identified from surface and core samples. Stannite, abundant in the mineralized veins, forms through reactions between cassiterite and Cu-rich fluids contemporaneous with chalcopyrite precipitation. Quartz, tourmaline, calcite, and fluorite constitute the principal gangue minerals. Stannite contains minor Au (up to 350 ppm) and Ag (up to 0.27 wt%), whereas cassiterite hosts up to 790 ppm Au and 600 ppm Ag. Fluid inclusion studies in quartz from tourmalinized veins indicate a progressive evolution from vapor-to supercritical aqueous fluids trapped at conditions between 500 °C/700 bar and 150 °C/100 bar. Fluids from barren veins show higher salinities than those from mineralized zones, reflecting a more metamorphic origin. The hydrothermal evolution of the Achemmach tin-bearing breccias involves two key stages: (1) trapping of vapor-rich fluids at ∼600 °C/1 kbar with salinity of ∼13.5 wt% NaCl equiv., and (2) prolonged boiling down to ∼100 °C, evidenced by increased fluid salinities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14874,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Earth Sciences","volume":"235 ","pages":"Article 105973"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}