Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Cadmium and Lead on the Release of Fibrinolytic Proteins from Vascular Endothelial Cells, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Fibroblasts (Proceedings of the 22nd Symposium on Toxicology and Environmental Health)","authors":"C. Yamamoto, A. Miyamoto, M. Sakamoto, T. Kaji","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.43.P29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.43.P29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85471147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 infection","authors":"S. Shinoda, Shigeo Yamamoto, K. Tomochika, S. Miyoshi","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.43.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.43.1","url":null,"abstract":"The first recognized outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis occurred in 1982 in the United State and its etiologic agent was identified to be Escherichia coli O157 : H7, a serotype not previously associated with diseases in humans. In Japan, isolates of the serotype O157 : H7 from contaminated drinking water were first implicated in an outbreak occurred in 1990 in a kindergarten of the Saitama Prefecture, and at least other 12 such outbreaks have been recorded in 1993-1995. In the year 1996, unprecedentedly large outbreaks and many sporadic cases of disease caused by E. coli O157 : H7 occurred in various parts of Japan, affecting more than 9000 people in total (11 deaths). In most cases, however, the ultimate source of the infection could not be traced. Although many different serotypes of E. coli, which are collectively referred to as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), were found to cause bloody diarrhea, the serotype O157 : H7 has been recognized worldwide as the pathogen associated most frequently with serious complications known as hemolytic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. E. coli O157 : H7 is characteristic of a low infectious dose, on the order of a few hundred organisms, which contributes to the spread of the infection in outbreak situations. Cattle are considered to be the major reservoir of EHEC including O157 : H7. EHEC strains produce at least two immunologically distinct cytotoxins that closely resemble the Shiga toxin produced by the Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. These toxins (called Shiga-like toxins or Vero toxins) appear to be responsible for causing many pathological effects associated with EHEC infections. However, how the toxins move from the intestinal tract lumen to the sites where they damage the kidney remains to be evaluated. Moreover, there are some doubts about the value of antibiotic therapy in such infections because of the observation that some antibiotics can increase the toxin expression in vitro and because of the concern that EHEC which are lysing due to their actions in the gastrointestinal tract lumen may actually release more toxin than do intact bacterial cells. Unique biochemical characteristics of E. coli O157 : H7-it ferments sorbitol very slowly and usually does not make β-glucuronidase- are used to differentiate this strain from other enteric E. coli strains. Alternative methods based on the detection of the toxins themselves by enzyme immunoassay are employed in parallel. This review describes the current understanding of the infectious disease caused by E. coli O157 : H7, with an emphasis on the main diagnostic tests and epidemiology for this serotype and the role of the toxins in pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"87 6 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84027898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Decomposition of Keto-carboxylic Acids in Water by Ozone Treatment and UV Irradiation","authors":"S. Kozai, H. Matsumoto","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.42.507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.42.507","url":null,"abstract":"Keto-carboxylic acids will be important decomposition intermediates when ketones or fatty acids contained in water are treated with ozone. In this report 5 mM keto acids in the 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) were treated with UV irradiation alone, ozone alone or ozone + UV irradiation, and their decomposition products and the degradation pathway were investigated. The degradation pathways of keto-dicarboxylic acids were considered to produce dicarboxylic acid by oxidative decarboxylation at 1-position carbonyl group, α-keto-dicarboxylic acid having one carbon atom decreased by oxidative decarboxylation at the other terminal carbonyl group, and glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid by releasing an α-keto-carboxylic acid group. And the main degradation pathway of keto-monocarboxylic acids containing a carbonyl group at α-position was considered to produce a monocarboxylic acid having one carbon atom decreased by oxidative decarboxylation. Other pathways were involved in the production of glyoxylic acid and monocarboxylic acid by releasing α-keto-carboxylic acid group, and keto-dicarboxylic acids by oxidation at a terminal methyl group. The degradation pathways of keto-monocarboxylic acids having a ketone group except α-position were considered to release a longer side-chain part prior to the other shorter chain. The released chains were considered to produce monocarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acids. These intermediate products will be decomposed gradually to CO2 and H2O. TOC (total organic carbon) removal (%) was very high by ozone + UV irradiation. By the way, keto acids themselves by UV irradiation alone were decomposed some, because they has UV absorption spectrum about 254 nm which is the main irradiation wavelength of low presser mercury lump. But the TOC removal (%) by UV irradiation alone or O3 alone was very low, because the decomposition products could not be decomposed by each treatment. These results will be utilized as important data when various ketones in the water are treated with O3 and UV.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"3 1","pages":"507-518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91039420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"O-(2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine含浸シリカゲル捕集-溶媒抽出ガスクロマトグラフ法による室内空気中のアルデヒド類の定量","authors":"康明 森, 清美 辻, 節子 節田, 純雄 後藤, 祐夫 小野寺, 秀鶴 松下","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.42.500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.42.500","url":null,"abstract":"A gas chromatographic method using an electron capture detector is described for the determination of aldehydes in indoor air samples. It consists of the following three procedures ; (1) collection of aldehydes as O-(2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine (PFBOA) derivatives on a 5% H3PO4-silica gel sorbent, (2) desorption of their aldehydes from the sorbent with a benzene solution, and (3) quantitative determination of the aldehyde derivatives by GC equipped with an electron capture detector. The recoveries of aldehydes from the air samples through the entire analytical procedures amounted to more than 90%. The calibration curves for fluoro derivatives of aldehydes were linear in the range from 0 to 200 pg per milliliter of benzene for each free aldehyde. The lower detection limits for formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were 2 and 3μg/m3, respectively. This method has been applied to aldehydes in indoor air samples. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were found in the air samples in the levels of 4.7-246 and 4.4-24.3μg/m3, respectively. The presence of vareraldehyde and capronaldehyde was also revealed in the indoor air samples.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"213 1","pages":"500-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85876065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regio-Related Differential Induction of Hepatic Microsomal Heme Oxygenase and Cytochrome P450 by Substituted Imidazole and Pyridine Compounds in Rats","authors":"Yasuna Kobayashi, Toshinori Yamamoto, E. Okui, E. Kotani, Takemi Yoshida, Y. Kuroiwa","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.42.468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.42.468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"347 1","pages":"468-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78061461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Hepatotoxicity of Aluminum Administered with Maltol and Kojic Acid to Mice","authors":"T. Maitani, Tomoko Suzuki, Kyoko Iwasaki, H. Kubota, Takashi Yamada","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.42.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.42.241","url":null,"abstract":"Maltol is a food additive used worldwide, while it enhances the brain toxicity of aluminum (Al). Al injected with maltol is primarily transferred to the liver and so it may also cause hepatic injury. Kojic acid is used as a food additive in Japan and is structurally related to maltol. Therefore, the hepatotoxicity of Al with maltol was compared to that of Al with kojic acid in mice. Al injected intravenously with maltol in a 1 : 4 molar ratio at a dose of 0.25 mmol Al/kg caused an increase in the plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) despite lower hepatic Al concentration than those found after administration in a 1 : 2 molar ratio and with Al only. At the same time, hepatic phosphorus and sulfur (S) levels decreased. The decrease in the S level was ascribed to that in the taurine content. The increase in urinary taurine was also observed. Al alone, maltol alone, or Al : kojic acid at a ratio of 1 : 4 did not alter the plasma activities of AST and ALT or the hepatic element levels. These findings may suggest that tris (maltolato) aluminum (III) (Al (maltol)3) is a hepatotoxin.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"64 1","pages":"241-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85102705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"閉鎖系室内におけるオゾンの生成・分解装置の性能評価に関する研究-単一機種の試験-","authors":"文夫 渡辺, 勝義 福岡, 敏之 大谷","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.42.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.42.142","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of commercially available equipments for ozonization by ultraviolet rays in the rooms was measured and assessed. The volume of the room was enlarged to 4.5m3 and to 54m3, and then, the tests were held using three types of ozonization equipments. By considering the data including the results of the tests in the small room, the formulas and the line graphs on the relationships between the room volume and the ozone concentration of the steady state, and those between the ozone concentration of the steady state and the input current of a lamp were obtained. As the result of this experiment, a new phenomenon was found out, that is, the apparent velocity of ozone photo-decomposition by an ultraviolet ray lamp having a constant initial current was slower than that of the spontaneous decompositions, when the room volume was enlarged beyond a certain degree. This phenomenon was named an inversion volume. The overall assessments of these three kinds of equipments were as follows : 1) In the case of the ozone formation those equipments are useful, because they are efficient enough to obtain the ozone concentration of the steady state within an hour, though the time consumed to achieve it varies according to its room volume. 2) In the case of the ozone decomposition in the ordinary laboratory, as far as the decomposition velocity is concerned, setting up one ultraviolet ray lamp and one ozone lamp can be less effective than those of the spontaneous decomposition. Therefore, to increase the decomposition velocity, it is necessary to increase the input current of one ultraviolet ray lamp, or to set up the lamps in parallel. 3) In the extremely clean room, such as a bioclean room, the ozone decomposition by ultraviolet ray (using 140W big type of double wall) is thought to be useful. Lastly, the efficiency assessments and the comparisons of all the equipments (including the following system) measured in the past was conducted, and therefore, the one in which the greatest improvement could be made was found.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"102 1","pages":"142-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79514094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolism, Distribution and Excretion of 2, 2, 3, 3, 3-Pentafluoropropanol in Rats","authors":"K. Minegishi, A. Takahashi","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.42.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.42.17","url":null,"abstract":"The elimination and metabolism of 2, 2, 2, 3, 3-pentafluoropropanol (5-FP) were investigated in male and female rats for 7 d after a single oral administration at doses of 4, 40, and 400 mg/kg. 5-FP glucuronide and 2, 2, 3, 3, 3-pentafluoropropionic acid (5-FPA) as major metabolites were determined by head-space analysis using GC-MS in the selected ion monitoring-mode. 5-FP glucuronide and 5-FPA were found in urine and feces of both male and female rats. The cumulative excretion of 5-FP in the urine was 28.6-59.3% of the dose and only 0.46-1.28% in the feces in both sexes. A sex-related difference in urinary excretion of 5-FPA was observed in the two dose levels (4 and 40 mg/kg). The recoveries of 5-FPA in the urine of rats administered 5-FP were 10.7-11.9% in male and 33.0-38.2% in female by 7 d post treatment. The sex-related difference of biological half-lives (t1/2) were also observed in some tissues such as liver, kidney and blood.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"89 1","pages":"17-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76265288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Amphetamine-Selective Electrode (Proceedings of the 21st Symposium on Toxicology and Environmental Health)","authors":"Kiyoyuki Watanabe, K. Okada, T. Katsu","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.42.P33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.42.P33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76170206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress on the Nuclei as a Factor Regulating the Susceptibility of Spontaneous Lung Tumorigenesis in Mice","authors":"T. Yano, Y. Obata, M. Uchida, T. Ichikawa","doi":"10.1248/JHS1956.42.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/JHS1956.42.87","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated of the relation between oxidative stress on nuclei and spontaneous lung tumorigenesis in mice. An unsaturation index of fatty acids, the levels of active oxygen formed and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in pulmonary nuclei of A/J strain were higher than those in the nuclei of C3H/He and C57BL/6Cr strains. In vitro active oxygen-dependent DNA nicking capacity via nuclear electron-transferring systems in lungs of A/J strain was also stronger than those in the lungs of the other two strains, while the nuclear α-tocopherol level in the A/J strain was lowest of the three. The differences of these parameters in the lungs among the three strains were in agreement with the strain differences of the lung tumorigenesis. These results suggest that the spontaneous development of lung tumors relates to some degree on the level of oxidative stress on the nuclei.","PeriodicalId":14851,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of toxicology and environmental health","volume":"10 1","pages":"87-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88009970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}