Irrigation and Drainage最新文献

{"title":"Misconceptions and misunderstandings in agricultural water management: Time for revisiting, reflection and rethinking","authors":"Ragab Ragab","doi":"10.1002/ird.2947","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2947","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the past years, several concepts in water management have emerged and were further developed. They included approaches for saving water and improving water use efficiency and productivity, sustainable water management strategies, salinity control, remote sensing applications to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ET_c), soil moisture, crop yield and land cover, using models as water management tools and for designing reservoirs and dams. The intention was great, but the application of the concepts did not always match the intention. Examples of misunderstandings and misconceptions include incorrect application of deficit irrigation, using water use efficiency instead of water productivity, misunderstanding the water accounting system elements, misuse of the term sustainability, leaching with every irrigation, using the term upscaling instead of aggregation, incorrect use of long-term average flow for designing dams and reservoirs, believing that remote sensing data are direct measurements for ET_c or soil moisture and believing that well-calibrated/validated models do not have inaccuracy and uncertainty in their results. This paper highlights these concepts and their misuse and misunderstandings as well as explains the true meaning and application of each concept. The paper also explains why concepts were misunderstood and suggests approaches to improve the understanding and accurate application of the concepts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 5","pages":"1731-1753"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140254788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on an optimal operation model for cascade pumping stations based on simulations","authors":"Xinrong Zheng,&nbsp;Zhanyi Gao,&nbsp;Peiling Yang,&nbsp;Mengting Chen","doi":"10.1002/ird.2944","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2944","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cascade pumping stations (CPS) consume a large amount of energy every year in lifting districts. To obtain a reasonable and feasible operation scheme for CPS, this paper proposes an optimal operation model for CPS based on simulations. A one-dimensional unsteady flow model of open canals was coupled with the optimal operation model of CPS, and an energy-dominated optimization was proposed with the water level of the inlet pool as the coordinated variable. The optimization model was solved by using the catch-up method and the nondominated sorted genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The optimal operation method was validated and implemented in the first-stage and second-stage pumping stations of the Zuncun Irrigation Project by lifting water from the Yellow River in Shanxi province. The results showed that the proposed optimization model can reduce the energy consumption of the CPS by 4% compared with the actual operation. In addition, the optimal operation model of the CPS coupled with simulation can realize the dynamic balance of flow by stabilizing the inlet pool level to operate within a safe range. The energy consumption of the CPS can be reduced by keeping the water level of the intake pool as high a level as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 4","pages":"1344-1357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility analysis of photovoltaic systems for kiwifruit irrigation: A case study in Shaanxi province, China","authors":"Hang Zhao,&nbsp;Delan Zhu,&nbsp;Maosheng Ge,&nbsp;Nazarov Khudayberdi,&nbsp;Changxin Liu","doi":"10.1002/ird.2939","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2939","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although photovoltaic (PV) irrigation systems are widely used in China, feasibility assessment of these systems is important because of differences in the distribution characteristics of solar resources and crops. In this study, kiwifruit planting in Shaanxi province was considered, and a calculation model for PV irrigation system evaluation was developed. Based on the geographical distribution of kiwifruit planting, as well as the spatial and temporal distributions of solar energy in Shaanxi province, the application potential of PV irrigation for kiwifruit was investigated comprehensively from the perspectives of technology, economy and irrigation feasibility. The results showed that the proportion of the PV module scale to the irrigation scale in all the kiwifruit planting areas in Shaanxi province was far less than 1.5%, and there were no technical obstacles. In Baoji, Weinan, Hanzhong and Ankang, the annual cost of the PV irrigation system was greater than that of the diesel pump irrigation system. Regarding irrigation feasibility, farmlands with a slope of 0%–8.75% were considered highly suitable for installing a PV irrigation system. The results revealed 32,269 ha of farmland appropriate for PV irrigation among the 66,371 ha of kiwifruit in Shaanxi province.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 4","pages":"1358-1372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the social and physical factors affecting irrigation scheme performance: The case of the Omo Gibe river basin in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Moltot Zewdie Belayneh","doi":"10.1002/ird.2943","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2943","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One hundred years ago, irrigation development began in Ethiopia, but the efficiency and sustainability of the developed scheme have remained very low. As a result, this study aimed to assess the factors that most frequently affect a scheme's performance. The study analysed general physical and social performance indicators. Structural and social factors were used to identify the most common causes of underperformance of the schemes in the Omo Gibe river basin. Frequency analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The relative operational scheme performance and relative irrigated area were 32 and 31%, respectively. The beneficiary to target performance was 63%. Structural and social factors such as flooding and subsequent damage to the under sluice and lack of participatory approaches during scheme development were the most common determinants of irrigation scheme performance. Hence, catchment development and community participation in scheme development are crucial for mitigating irrigation scheme underperformance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 4","pages":"1548-1557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140087359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global evapotranspiration simulation research using a coupled deep learning algorithm with physical mechanisms","authors":"Yongxi Sun,&nbsp;Yuru Dong,&nbsp;Yanfei Chen","doi":"10.1002/ird.2942","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2942","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evapotranspiration (ET) and actual evapotranspiration (AET) serve as critical parameters in the water vapour exchange between terrestrial surfaces and the atmosphere. ET denotes the theoretical maximum evapotranspiration achievable under ideal conditions, whereas AET represents the actual evapotranspiration observed, factoring in the constraints imposed by available water resources. Precise estimation of AET is imperative for the optimization of water resource management and the advancement of sustainable development initiatives. In recent years, deep learning techniques have been extensively utilized in AET estimation. However, traditional deep learning models often lack the incorporation of essential physical constraints. We proceeded to enhance the loss function of the temporal convolutional network (TCN) by taking into account the physical relationships that exist among soil water content (SWC), potential evapotranspiration (PET) and AET, thereby introducing a novel physically coupled deep learning model (AET, SWC after kernel principal component analysis, PET, TCN and AKP-TCN), and checked the rationality of the model with the FLUXNET 2015 dataset. These findings underscore that the AKP-TCN model exhibits heightened sensitivity to peak fluctuations in AET under the imposition of physical constraints. This approach notably enhances the precision of AET simulations in areas marked by complex and variable climatic conditions, such as the Mediterranean climate zone and Oceania, achieving determination coefficient (<i>R</i>²) values surpassing the threshold of 0.900. Compared to traditional models, which include long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional neural networks (CNN) and TCN, the AKP-TCN delivers substantial <i>R</i>² improvements of 16%, 16% and 9%, respectively. This advancement offers a novel perspective for coupling deep learning with physical mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 4","pages":"1373-1390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Livestock–irrigation interaction and its influence on the sustainability of small-scale irrigation schemes in Ethiopia","authors":"Hanan Tadele Dessalegn,&nbsp;Alex Bolding,&nbsp;Charlotte de Fraiture,&nbsp;Mekonen Ayana","doi":"10.1002/ird.2940","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2940","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Small-scale irrigation (SSI) plays a large role in rural livelihoods and the economy in Ethiopia. Despite considerable investment, overall SSI performance is disappointingly poor. The sedimentation of canals and intakes leads to low performance and the abandonment of systems. Livestock roaming in the command area and around riverbanks are an important contributor to sedimentation. Commonly proposed solutions, including technocratic fixes, institutional arrangements between irrigators and livestock farmers, and collective action by irrigators, have not yielded satisfactory results. Based on three case studies from Ethiopia, we illustrate why existing solutions are not effective and why collective action is not straightforward. Using in-depth interviews and focus-group discussions, we examine the complex intertwined relationships between irrigators, livestock farmers and local government. Without understanding the interrelationship and accounting for the links between irrigation and livestock in the design and governance structures of SSI, the proposed technical and organizational fixes are unlikely to be successful. Addressing conflicting interests and building consensus and trust among irrigators and livestock farmers are prerequisites for solving the performance concerns of many Ethiopian SSIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 4","pages":"1536-1547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ird.2940","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of sample size and location for evaluating the hydraulic performance of microirrigation subunits using simulation and genetic algorithms","authors":"Zhanghao Sun,&nbsp;Zhen Wang,&nbsp;Jina Zhang,&nbsp;Jiusheng Li,&nbsp;Yanfeng Li","doi":"10.1002/ird.2941","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2941","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rapid and accurate field evaluation of hydraulic performance is critical for the operation of a microirrigation system. However, the optimal sample size and the specific locations of the emitters selected in one subunit for field tests have not been determined. A model (<span>Hydraulic Analysis of Pressurized Irrigation System,</span>HAPIS) was constructed for hydraulic analysis of a pressurized irrigation system by coupling MATLAB and EPANET. The random sampling method (RSM) and uniform sampling method (USM) were optimized for emitters selected through simulation, aiming to achieve higher estimation accuracies of the mean emitter discharge rate of the subunit (\u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>q</mi>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 <mo>)</mo></math> and the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU) while minimizing the number of emitters tested. In addition, a linear sampling method at predetermined emitter locations (LSMPE) was developed to simplify the evaluation process using a genetic algorithm (GA). The results indicate that the appropriate sample size range for RSM was 20–40, in which the maximum percentage difference between \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>q</mi>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover></math> and CU was maintained at ±10%. For the USM, a sample size of approximately 18 can provide relatively accurate estimations of \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>q</mi>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover></math> and CU, while it is recommended that the sampled emitters be distributed over three to five laterals. The optimal sample size of LSMPE could be decreased to approximately 10, and the selected emitters were arranged along the sampling line. The absolute relative estimation error of \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>q</mi>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover></math> and CU could be maintained at &lt;1%.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 4","pages":"1262-1278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing energy via solar-powered smart irrigation: An approach utilizing a single-axis solar tracking mechanism","authors":"Firas Basim Ismail,&nbsp;Muhammad Aqil Afham Rahmat,&nbsp;Hussein A. Kazem,&nbsp;Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi Al-Obaidi,&nbsp;Muhammad Syauqi Ridwan","doi":"10.1002/ird.2937","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2937","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study presents and assesses the novelty of a cutting-edge solar-powered automated irrigation system that incorporates a single-axis solar tracker. The research entails the meticulous development of a prototype, followed by comprehensive experimental scrutiny spanning 3 days, from 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. In a unique approach, we benchmark the findings against previous research endeavours, highlighting the transformative potential of our innovative design.</p><p>Our innovative system harnesses a singular-axis solar tracking mechanism alongside moisture sensors and a water pump relay module, resulting in the creation of an autonomous irrigation system perpetually powered by solar energy. The results are noteworthy, showcasing the capability of a solar panel equipped with single-axis tracking to significantly boost photovoltaic output power. This configuration attains a remarkable 65% increase in total output power and a substantial improvement over the modest 52%–53% performance of fixed solar panels. This substantial divergence translates to a noteworthy 12%–13% difference in efficacy, underscoring the pioneering nature of our research.</p><p>The zenith of power output, ranging between 3.16 and 3.68 W, transpires from noon to 2:00 PM, further illustrating the system's viability. The integrated water pump exhibits commendable efficiency, attaining levels as high as 75%. This revelation underscores the transformative potential of automated irrigation systems endowed with single-axis solar tracking technology, auguring amplified system performance and heralding a new era of sustainable agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 3","pages":"829-845"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140443736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the change in the pH of water in a flow electric activator","authors":"Vladimir Storchevoy,&nbsp;Mikhail Belov,&nbsp;Dmitry Gurov,&nbsp;Yuri Sudnik,&nbsp;Nikolai Kabdin","doi":"10.1002/ird.2938","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2938","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil pH is important for favourable plant growth. The water used for irrigation must have an optimal pH value. Such water can be prepared by passing it through a flow electric activator. An experimental setup with a flow electric activator was created to control the pH value of the activated water. A mathematical model was developed to establish the relationship between the activated water pH value and the power supply voltage and the performance of the anode and cathode chambers. The pH value of activated water varies in direct proportion to the power supply voltage and is inversely proportional to the performance of the set chambers. The pH value of activated water can be adjusted by two parameters: the voltage of the power source and the water supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 4","pages":"1606-1614"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139958206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of inlet velocity on the hydraulic and filtering performance of a Y-type screen filter","authors":"Na Li,&nbsp;Junfeng Li,&nbsp;Liming Yu,&nbsp;Wenhan Yang,&nbsp;Xuelian Liu,&nbsp;Qiao Cheng","doi":"10.1002/ird.2932","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ird.2932","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Uneven sediment distribution affected by inlet velocity, particle size distribution and flow field characteristics leads to local clogging in a Y-type screen filter. This study revealed the detailed flow field characteristics and distribution of sediments on the screen via computational fluid dynamics combined with the discrete element method (CFD–DEM) simulations and experimental tests. The results showed that the distribution of the flow rate on the filter screen was extremely uneven, with the maximum flow rate being 11.72 times greater than the minimum rate. The flow rate was distributed symmetrically on the two sides along the outlet centreline, as shown by the unfolded drawing of the filter core. Numerical simulation and experimental tests using sandy water showed that the number and average particle diameter on the screen decreased, and the number and average particle diameter in the plug increased, with increasing inlet velocity. The sediments on the screen were distributed intensively, and the plugging extent coefficient and the anti-clogging performance improved. However, this process was more likely to cause local clogging and worsen the filtration performance. Therefore, low-speed filtering should be applied if the filtering effect is needed, and high-speed filtering should be applied if the filtering efficiency is favourable but the flushing frequency increases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14848,"journal":{"name":"Irrigation and Drainage","volume":"73 3","pages":"799-812"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139959892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}