Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes最新文献_第6页

Essential role of vif in establishing productive HIV-1 infection in peripheral blood T lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages. vif在外周血T淋巴细胞和单核/巨噬细胞中建立生产性HIV-1感染的重要作用。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-09-01

D H Gabuzda, H Li, K Lawrence, B S Vasir, K Crawford, E Langhoff

{"title":"Essential role of vif in establishing productive HIV-1 infection in peripheral blood T lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages.","authors":"D H Gabuzda, H Li, K Lawrence, B S Vasir, K Crawford, E Langhoff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The role of vif during the establishment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages was investigated using vif mutants of three HIV-1 proviral DNAs. Vif was found to be essential for the establishment of productive HIV-1 infection in peripheral blood T lymphocytes after cell-free infection with HXB2 and DFCI-HD, a vpr-positive, vpu-positive, nef-positive derivative of HXB2. A chimeric HIV-1 provirus in which the T-cell line-tropic env sequences in DFCI-HD were replaced with the macrophagetropic env of the ADA strain was constructed for studies on the role of vif during the establishment of HIV-1 infection in primary monocyte/macrophages. These studies showed that vif is also essential for the initiation of productive HIV-1 infection in primary monocyte/macrophage cultures after cell-free virus transmission. The DFCI-HD-ADA virus was shown to replicate in the CD4+ T-cell line Molt 4 clone 8 but not in other T-cell or monocytic cell lines, as previously shown for another macrophagetropic strain YU-2 (1), suggesting that this cell line may be useful for future studies on at least some macrophagetropic strains of HIV-1. The finding that vif is essential for the establishment of productive HIV-1 infection in primary T lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages suggests that vif may be required for HIV-1 transmission and disease pathogenesis during natural infections and thus may be a good target for prophylactic or therapeutic intervention.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 9","pages":"908-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18527788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV-related oral manifestations in two cohorts of women in San Francisco. 旧金山两组妇女的hiv相关口腔表现

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-09-01

C H Shiboski, J F Hilton, D Greenspan, J L Westenhouse, P Derish, K Vranizan, A R Lifson, A Canchola, M H Katz, J B Cohen

{"title":"HIV-related oral manifestations in two cohorts of women in San Francisco.","authors":"C H Shiboski, J F Hilton, D Greenspan, J L Westenhouse, P Derish, K Vranizan, A R Lifson, A Canchola, M H Katz, J B Cohen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The goals of this study were to compare the prevalence of oral lesions in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV-negative women, and to determine the association of oral lesions with route of HIV transmission and with level of immunosuppression in infected women. As part of a prospective 4-year study, oral examinations and blood tests were performed, at 6-month intervals, on 176 HIV-infected women and on 117 HIV-negative women at risk for HIV infection. We evaluated participants for the following oral conditions: hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, ulcers, warts, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, and parotid enlargement. As previously reported in men, the prevalence of oral lesions was significantly higher among HIV-infected (22%) than HIV-negative women (3%) [odds ratio (OR) = 8.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8, 23.5], particularly candidiasis (14%) and hairy leukoplakia (10%). Among HIV-infected women with CD4 cell count nadir > or = 200 cells/microliters, the prevalence of hairy leukoplakia was higher among those infected heterosexually than among injection drug users (OR = 5.5; 95% CI: 1.5; 19). The OR for the association between oral lesions and CD4 cell count nadir (< 200 vs. > 500 cells/microliters) was 8.9 (95% CI: 2.6, 30), indicating a strong positive association with level of immunosuppression.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 9","pages":"964-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18910897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Risk behaviors of persons with heterosexually acquired HIV infection in the United States: results of a multistate surveillance project. 美国异性恋HIV感染者的危险行为:一项多州监测项目的结果。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-09-01

T Diaz, S Y Chu, L Conti, F Sorvillo, P J Checko, P Hermann, S A Fann, M Frederick, D Boyd, E Mokotoff

{"title":"Risk behaviors of persons with heterosexually acquired HIV infection in the United States: results of a multistate surveillance project.","authors":"T Diaz, S Y Chu, L Conti, F Sorvillo, P J Checko, P Hermann, S A Fann, M Frederick, D Boyd, E Mokotoff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To describe past risk behaviors among persons with heterosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we interviewed 497 persons > or = 18 years of age with heterosexually acquired HIV infection reported to 11 state and city health departments in the United States. Thirty-nine percent of persons reported using noninjection drugs in the past 5 years; noninjection drug use was highest among men whose sex partners injected drugs (53%). Sixteen percent of all persons used crack, and 17% were classified as potential alcoholics; among men, 29% were classified as potential alcoholics. Of the 49% of men who reported paying a woman for sex, 86% did so multiple times. Most persons had multiple sex partners in the past 5 years; however, 35% of the women had only one sex partner. Thirty-four percent of the women and 50% of the men had been treated for a sexually transmitted disease in the past 10 years. Seventy-four percent of the women and 68% of the men had never used condoms in the 5 years before they knew they were HIV positive. Among these people with heterosexually acquired HIV, noninjection drug use was common, many men have paid someone for sex, and many women have not had multiple sex partners. These findings have important implications for the types of prevention programs that can most successfully lessen the spread of HIV among heterosexuals.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 9","pages":"958-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19046655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progression to AIDS or death following diagnosis with a class IV non-AIDS disease: utilization of a surveillance database. 发展为艾滋病或诊断为IV类非艾滋病疾病后死亡:监测数据库的利用

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-09-01

C Maden, S G Hopkins, W E Lafferty

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive T-cell epitope mapping of HIV-1 env antigens reveals many areas recognized by HIV-1-seropositive and by low-risk HIV-1-seronegative individuals. HIV-1 env抗原的综合t细胞表位定位揭示了HIV-1血清阳性和低风险HIV-1血清阴性个体识别的许多区域。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-09-01

D Mutch, J Underwood, M Geysen, S Rodda

{"title":"Comprehensive T-cell epitope mapping of HIV-1 env antigens reveals many areas recognized by HIV-1-seropositive and by low-risk HIV-1-seronegative individuals.","authors":"D Mutch, J Underwood, M Geysen, S Rodda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-seropositive and nine HIV-1-seronegative donors were screened for proliferative T-lymphocyte responses to peptides derived from a consensus sequence of the HIV-1 env gene products from 25 HIV-1 isolates. Two hundred seventy-eight overlapping 17mer peptides, incremented by three residues each, were pooled into groups, each containing eight sequential peptides, for use in proliferation tests. Thirty-eight additional peptides containing variant amino acid residues also were tested. Proliferation data were analyzed using an algorithm that reduced subjective bias and estimated the responding cell frequencies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a majority of donors, regardless of HIV-1 status, recognized peptides within two pools derived from the gp120 sequence and peptides from one pool in gp41. Pool 25 peptides from gp41 (centered around residue 600 of the gp160 consensus sequence) were recognized most frequently. The observed inability to differentiate between responses of HIV-1-seropositive and HIV-1-seronegative individuals implies either a lack of HIV-1 disease-related immunodominant env epitopes or functional abrogation of HIV-1 env-specific T-helper lymphocyte responses soon after infection. The observed proliferation of T lymphocytes from noninfected, low-risk individuals questions the origin of the responses to HIV-1 env-derived peptides and suggest that preexisting, cross-reactive immunity could influence responses to HIV-1.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 9","pages":"879-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18527787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photodynamic inactivation of free and cell-associated HIV-1 using the photosensitizer, benzoporphyrin derivative. 使用光敏剂苯并卟啉衍生物的游离和细胞相关HIV-1的光动力失活。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-09-01

J North, R Coombs, J Levy

引用次数: 0

An assessment of the timing of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by means of polymerase chain reaction. 通过聚合酶链反应对人类免疫缺陷病毒1型母婴传播时间的评估。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-09-01

A Simonon, P Lepage, E Karita, D G Hitimana, F Dabis, P Msellati, C Van Goethem, F Nsengumuremyi, A Bazubagira, P Van de Perre

{"title":"An assessment of the timing of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by means of polymerase chain reaction.","authors":"A Simonon, P Lepage, E Karita, D G Hitimana, F Dabis, P Msellati, C Van Goethem, F Nsengumuremyi, A Bazubagira, P Van de Perre","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To approximate the contributions of in utero, intrapartum, and postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) and to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a diagnostic tool for pediatric HIV infection, blood was collected at birth (cord blood), and at 3, 6-12, and 13-24 months in 218 children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers in Kigali, Rwanda. Proviral DNA was detected by a double PCR using two sets of three primers (gag, pol, and env). Pediatric HIV-1 infection was defined according to serological and clinical criteria. The probability of having a positive PCR at a given time was calculated by a nonparametric method. Among children with unequivocal evidence of infection (n = 47), it was 30.5% on cord blood and 80.6% at 3 months. Thus, in children born to HIV-1-infected mothers, the estimated rate of transmission in the late postnatal period is 4.9%, and the rate of transmission in the intrapartum plus postnatal periods is 17.6%. Among 117 HIV-1-uninfected children born to HIV-1-infected mothers, six (5%) had a false-positive PCR on cord blood. These results should be taken into account in designing intervention trials aimed at reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 9","pages":"952-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19046654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elevated serum calprotectin levels in HIV-infected patients: the calprotectin response during ZDV treatment is associated with clinical events. 艾滋病病毒感染者血清钙蛋白水平升高：ZDV 治疗期间的钙蛋白反应与临床事件有关。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-09-01

F Müller, S S Frøland, P Aukrust, M K Fagerhol

{"title":"Elevated serum calprotectin levels in HIV-infected patients: the calprotectin response during ZDV treatment is associated with clinical events.","authors":"F Müller, S S Frøland, P Aukrust, M K Fagerhol","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The calcium-binding myelomonocytic protein calprotectin (L1 protein) was quantified in serum from 51 patients with HIV infection and in 20 HIV-seronegative blood donors. Significantly elevated levels were found both in asymptomatic patients and in people with AIDS compared with controls. The calprotectin level was not related to ongoing or recent opportunistic infections. For patients with CD4+ counts above 50 x 10(6)/L, a significant negative correlation was found between serum calprotectin levels and the CD4+ counts. Serial samples from 24 patients during their first year of zidovudine (ZDV) treatment showed a further elevation of serum calprotectin during the first months of ZDV treatment, with a subsequent decline to pretreatment levels. A low calprotectin response during the first 6 months, determined as area under the curve, was associated with the occurrence of at least one AIDS-defining infection during the first year of antiviral treatment. Also, a low calprotectin maximal response during ZDV therapy was associated with short survival. Similar associations were not found for neopterin, beta 2-microglobulin, HIV p24 antigen, or CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes in blood. Our findings in a limited number of patients suggest that calprotectin levels may reflect immune activation and other immune mechanisms correlated with enhanced antimicrobial defense induced at least transiently by antiviral treatment.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 9","pages":"931-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18910896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunological and virological interactions in patients receiving passive immunotherapy with HIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. 接受HIV-1中和性单克隆抗体被动免疫治疗患者的免疫学和病毒学相互作用

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-09-01

J Hinkula, G Bratt, G Gilljam, S Nordlund, P A Broliden, V Holmberg, E Olausson-Hansson, J Albert, E Sandström, B Wahren

{"title":"Immunological and virological interactions in patients receiving passive immunotherapy with HIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.","authors":"J Hinkula, G Bratt, G Gilljam, S Nordlund, P A Broliden, V Holmberg, E Olausson-Hansson, J Albert, E Sandström, B Wahren","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Mouse monoclonal antibodies with high human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neutralizing titers were used for passive immunotherapy of eleven late-state HIV-infected patients. In five patients the serum level of the core protein p24 decreased, while in five cases it remained unchanged. The level of viral RNA in plasma as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) decreased in four cases, was stable in another four, and increased in three cases. An anti-mouse (HAMA) response developed in eight patients and anti-idiotypic antibodies appeared in six. Immune complexes that formed in patient sera during the treatment were shown to contain mostly envelope glycoprotein gp120 which decreased in nine of the eleven treated patients toward the end of treatment. Antibodies inhibiting gp120 binding to CD4 became detectable or increased in six patients during immunotherapy. Serology of the HIV-1 V3 region was studied for both the HIV-1 IIIB and MN strains with no or very small changes in titer or avidity after treatment. No change in neutralizing titers to strain HTLVIIIB was observed in serum samples collected before and after treatment was terminated. In nine of the eleven patients stimulation of the T lymphocytes to proliferate in vitro when activated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was shown to be increased compared to before treatment. Increased T-cell proliferation was also noted with several antigens such as HIV-1 recombinant antigens, cytomegalovirus (CMV), tetanus toxoid (TT), and purified protein derivate of mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD). These findings indicate a decreased total gp120 content in serum, permitting better T-cell activation.","PeriodicalId":14827,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes","volume":"7 9","pages":"940-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19046653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nondetection of HTLV-I/II and HIV-2 in Thailand, 1991-1992. 泰国1991-1992年HTLV-I/II和HIV-2未检出情况。

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes Pub Date : 1994-09-01

P Lohsomboon, N L Young, B G Weniger, B Atikij, K Limpakarnjanarat, R F Khabbaz, J E Kaplan

引用次数: 0