Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Art of TIL immunotherapy: SITC's perspective on demystifying a complex treatment.","authors":"Simon Turcotte, Marco Donia, Brian Gastman, Michal Besser, Robert Brown, George Coukos, Benjamin Creelan, John Mullinax, Vernon K Sondak, James C Yang, Maartje W Rohaan, Inge Marie Svane, Michael T Lotze, John B A G Haanen, Stephanie L Goff","doi":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010207","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a first for solid cancers, cellular immunotherapy has entered standard of care in the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. The infusion of autologous tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) is capable of mediating durable tumor regression and is now Food and Drug Administration-approved for patients with disease refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Since the advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for patients with hematological malignancies, a growing network of centers capable of delivering effector T cell products to patients has developed. Administration of TIL can be layered onto that institutional framework, but there are many complex and unique aspects to TIL immunotherapy. The highly multidisciplinary clinical expertise and coordination required to successfully and safely deliver TIL to patients began within the National Cancer Institute Surgery Branch and have been subsequently adopted worldwide. The general steps, most of which require hospital inpatient resources, include a surgical procedure to harvest sufficient tumor for TIL manufacturing, admission for non-myeloablative lymphodepleting chemotherapy followed by TIL, and intravenous interleukin-2 (IL-2, aldesleukin). Here, we provide the principles, practice, and required resources underlying the efficient and safe delivery of TIL immunotherapy derived from the clinical expertise of high-volume centers around the world. This article enhances published clinical practice guidelines by providing underlying clinical rationale and data-driven examples to demystify TIL immunotherapy in order to facilitate uptake and improve patient access to this promising treatment modality in clinical and research settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14820,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pan-tumor analysis to investigate the obesity paradox in immune checkpoint blockade.","authors":"Stephanie L Alden, Soren Charmsaz, Howard L Li, Hua-Ling Tsai, Ludmila Danilova, Kabeer Munjal, Madelena Brancati, Aanika Warner, Kathryn Howe, Ervin Griffin, Mari Nakazawa, Chris Thoburn, Jennifer Gizzi, Alexei Hernandez, Nicole E Gross, Erin M Coyne, Elsa Hallab, Sarah S Shin, Jennifer Durham, Evan J Lipson, Yasser Ged, Marina Baretti, Jean Hoffman-Censits, Tanguy Y Seiwert, Aditi Guha, Sanjay Bansal, Laura Tang, G Scott Chandler, Rajat Mohindra, Rachel Garonce-Hediger, Elizabeth M Jaffee, Won Jin Ho, Chester Kao, Mark Yarchoan","doi":"10.1136/jitc-2024-009734","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jitc-2024-009734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a risk factor for developing cancer but is also associated with improved outcomes after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a phenomenon called the obesity paradox. To interrogate mechanisms of divergent immune responses in obese and non-obese patients, we examined the relationship among obesity status, clinical responses, and immune profiles from a diverse, pan-tumor cohort of patients treated with ICI-based therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From June 2021 to March 2023, we prospectively collected serial peripheral blood samples from patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors who received ICI as standard of care at Johns Hopkins. Patients were stratified by obesity status at treatment initiation, with obesity defined as body mass index (BMI)≥30 at treatment initiation and BMI≥18.5 and <30 considered non-obese; underweight patients (BMI<18.5) were excluded. We evaluated the concentration of 37 cytokines and used cytometry by time of flight to characterize immune cell clusters and cell-surface expression markers at baseline and on-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 94 patients, of whom 30 (32%) were obese and 64 (68%) were non-obese. Compared with non-obese patients, obese patients had superior progression-free survival (HR: 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24 to 0.81), p=0.01) and overall survival (OS) (HR: 0.24 (95% CI: 0.07 to 0.80), p=0.02). Obese patients had lower serum IL-15 levels at treatment baseline and lower on-treatment levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15. Low on-treatment IL-6 was associated with improved OS (HR: 0.27 (95% CI: 0.08 to 0.88), p=0.03), as was low on-treatment IL-8 (HR: 0.19 (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.70), p=0.01). Obese patients demonstrated lower levels of T effector cells with reduced expression of cytotoxicity markers and higher expression of exhaustion markers at baseline and on-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Obese and non-obese patients with cancer have divergent immunological responses to ICIs. Obesity is associated with reduced levels of certain inhibitory cytokines and higher expression of T-cell exhaustion markers. ICI-based therapy may more effectively reverse T-cell dysfunction in obese patients, potentially contributing to the paradoxically improved responses in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14820,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase I study of BMS-986299, an NLRP3 agonist, as monotherapy and in combination with nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.","authors":"Blessie E Nelson, Shaun O'Brien, Rahul A Sheth, David S Hong, Aung Naing, Xiaoping Zhang, Amy Xu, Lora Hamuro, Rasika Suryawanshi, Derrick McKinley, Ruslan D Novosiadly, Sarina A Piha-Paul","doi":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010013","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>BMS-986299 is a first-in-class, NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome agonist enhancing adaptive immune and T-cell memory responses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a phase-I (NCT03444753) study that assessed the safety and tolerability of intra-tumoral BMS-986299 monotherapy (part 1A) and in combination (part 1B) with nivolumab, and ipilimumab in advanced solid tumors. Reported here are single-center results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>36 patients were enrolled, with breast (31%), colorectal (17%), and head and neck (14%) being the more commonly enrolled cancers. Most patients (58%) had received prior immunotherapy. Therapy was well-tolerated, with G1-G2 fever (70%), neutrophilia (36%), and leukocytosis (33%) being the most common treatment-related adverse events with one case of G4 interstitial nephritis and one case of G3 hepatotoxicity and G3 colitis. Intratumoral BMS-986299 monotherapy resulted in dose-dependent increases in systemic exposure with increase in tumor CTLs (67%), CD4+ TILs (63%), along with notable above twofold increases in serum IL-1B, G-CSF and IL-6 at doses above 2000 µg. Systemic BMS-986299 exposure was positively associated with systemic cytokine elevation for G-CSF and IL-6. No antitumor activity was noted in BMS-986299 monotherapy cohort. However, in the combination therapy cohort (BMS-986299+nivolumab+ipilimumab), overall objective response rate was 10%, with confirmed PRs observed in TNBC, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative breast cancer, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BMS-986299 in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrated manageable toxicities, good tolerability, and promising antitumor activity in certain cancer types.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT03444753.</p>","PeriodicalId":14820,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor (sintilimab) combined with transarterial chemoembolization as the initial treatment in patients with intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma beyond up-to-seven criteria.","authors":"Lixing Li, Xin Xu, Wentao Wang, Peiran Huang, Lei Yu, Zhenggang Ren, Jia Fan, Jian Zhou, Lan Zhang, Zheng Wang","doi":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010035","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Numerous studies have demonstrated limited survival benefits of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) alone in the treatment of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond up-to-seven criteria. The advent of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has opened new avenues for HCC treatment. However, TACE combined with ICIs has not been investigated for patients with intermediate-stage HCC beyond the up-to-seven criteria. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this treatment strategy for such patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-arm, prospective, phase II study, we enrolled eligible patients with HCC who were treated with TACE plus programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors (sintilimab) from April 2021 to February 2023. The study's primary objectives were to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and safety. Secondary objectives included measuring the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) as per both Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) V.1.1 and modified RECIST (mRECIST) criteria, as well as overall survival (OS). Additionally, we conducted correlation analyses to identify predictors influencing the efficacy of tumor treatment.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>20 patients participated in this study, with a median follow-up duration of 22.0 months. Median PFS was 8.4 months (95% CI: 4.7 to 19.7) according to both RECIST V.1.1 and mRECIST. The ORR was 30.0% (95% CI: 14.6% to 51.9%) per RECIST 1.1% and 60% (95% CI: 38.7% to 78.1%) per mRECIST. DCR was 95.0% (95% CI: 76.4% to 99.1%) according to both RECIST V.1.1 and mRECIST. Median OS was not yet reached. Notably, 20% (4/20) of patients underwent successful conversion to curative surgical resection. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) mainly included elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels (19/20, 95.0%), elevated alanine aminotransferase levels (18/20, 90.0%), hypothyroidism (18/20, 90.0%), and reduced appetite (10/20, 50.0%). Among all participants, only one experienced grade 3 TRAE (myocarditis). We employed the Elastic Net regression model to analyze radiomic features from tumor and peritumoral areas to predict the efficacy of this treatment strategy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TACE plus PD-1 inhibitors demonstrated promising efficacy and an acceptable safety profile, suggesting it as a potential treatment option for patients with intermediate-stage HCC beyond up-to-seven criteria. Furthermore, our study indicates that specific image-based features may serve as predictors for patients likely to benefit from this treatment approach.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT04842565.</p>","PeriodicalId":14820,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pancreatic cancer cell-intrinsic transglutaminase-2 promotes T cell suppression through microtubule-dependent secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines.","authors":"Anton Lahusen, Nora Minhöfer, Kim-André Lohse, Christine Blechner, Jessica Lindenmayer, Tim Eiseler, Anton Wellstein, Alexander Kleger, Thomas Seufferlein, Sabine Windhorst, Yuan-Na Lin","doi":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010579","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is mostly refractory to immunotherapy due to immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and cancer cell-intrinsic T cell tolerance mechanisms. PDAC is described as a \"cold\" tumor type with poor infiltration by T cells and factors leading to intratumoral T cell suppression have thus received less attention. Here, we identify a cancer cell-intrinsic mechanism that contributes to a T cell-resistant phenotype and describes potential combinatorial therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used an unbiased screening approach of T cell resistant and sensitive murine KPC (<i>Kras^LSL-G12D/+; Trp53^fl/fl; Ptf1a^Cre/+</i> ) PDAC cells in a three-dimensional co-culture platform with syngeneic antigen-educated T cells to identify potential cell-intrinsic drivers of T cell suppression in PDAC. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed to reveal promising candidates that mediate resistance to T cells. We investigated their contribution by shRNA-mediated knockdown and pharmacological inhibition in murine in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as in patient-derived organoids (PDOs). A combination of transcriptomic analyses, cytometric and immunohistochemistry techniques allowed us to validate the underlying T cell response phenotypes of PDAC cells. The action of TGM2 via interaction with tubulin and the impact of microtubule dynamics and vesicle trafficking were evaluated by protein analyses and live-cell imaging. Correlation analyses via TCGA data complemented the functional studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) as a mediator of T cell suppression in PDAC. We report that high levels of TGM2 expression in patients' tumors correlate with immunosuppressive signatures and poor overall survival. We found that TGM2 regulates vesicle trafficking by modulating microtubule network density and dynamics in pancreatic cancer cells, thus facilitating the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, which impair effector T cell functionality. In TGM2-expressing PDOs, pharmacological TGM2 inhibition or treatment with nocodazole increased T cell-mediated apoptosis. Also, pretreatment of TGM2^high PDOs with sublethal doses of the spindle poisons paclitaxel or vincristine increased CD8+T cell activation and sensitized PDOs toward T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that targeting microtubular function therapeutically may enhance antitumor T cell responses by impacting activity of immunosuppressive cytokines in the PDAC microenvironment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14820,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glut3 overexpression improves environmental glucose uptake and antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells in solid tumors.","authors":"Wenhao Hu, Feng Li, Yue Liang, Shasha Liu, Shumin Wang, Chunyi Shen, Yuyu Zhao, Hui Wang, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010540","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucose deprivation inhibits T-cell metabolism and function. Glucose levels are low in the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors and insufficient glucose uptake limits the antitumor response of T cells. Furthermore, glucose restriction can contribute to the failure of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy for solid tumors. However, the impact of glucose restriction remains unknown in CAR-T cell therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Glucose transporters were detected and overexpressed in CAR-T cells. The impacts of glucose restriction on CAR-T cells were checked in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Glucose restriction significantly decreased CAR-T cell activation, effector function, and expansion. CAR-T cells expressed high levels of the glucose transporter Glut1, which has a low affinity for glucose. Overexpression of Glut1 failed to improve CAR-T cell function under glucose-restricted conditions. In contrast, the function and antitumor potential of CAR-T cells was enhanced by the overexpression of Glut3, which has the highest affinity for glucose among the Glut transporter family and is expressed in minor parts of CAR-T cells. Glut3-overexpressing CAR-T cells demonstrated increased tumoricidal efficacy in multiple xenografts and syngenetic mouse models. Furthermore, Glut3 overexpression activated the PI3K/Akt pathway and increased OXPHOS and mitochondrial fitness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We provide a direct and effective approach to enhance low glucose uptake levels by CAR-T cells and improve their antitumor efficacy against solid tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14820,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intratumoral oncolytic virus OH2 injection in patients with locally advanced or metastatic sarcoma: a phase 1/2 trial.","authors":"Zhichao Tan, Yan Wu, Zhengfu Fan, Tian Gao, Sijuan Ding, Liang Han, Suxia Luo, Qingxia Fan, Jianhua Shi, Chujie Bai, Ruifeng Xue, Shu Li, Lu Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Ling Jia, Lixin Zhou, Binlei Liu, Jing Huang, Jiayong Liu","doi":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010543","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intratumoral oncolytic herpes simplex virus 2-GM CSF (OH2) injection has shown safety and antitumor efficacy in patients with solid tumors. Here, we examined the safety and efficacy of OH2 as a single agent or in combination with HX008, an NMPA-approved PD-1 inhibitor, in locally advanced or metastatic sarcoma patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, phase 1/2 trial enrolled patients with injectable sarcoma lesions, who had failed at least 1 or more lines of standard treatment. Patients were treated with OH2 at three dose levels (10⁶, 10⁷ and 10⁸ CCID₅₀/mL) as single agent or in combination with a fixed dose of HX008. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability in phase 1 and objective response rate determined by RECIST (V.1.1) criteria and immune-RECIST in phase 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between October 20, 2020 and December 30, 2023, 26 patients were enrolled. Seven patients were treated with single-agent OH2 and 19 with HX008 and OH2 combination. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed during the dose escalation. We documented four partial or complete responses in injected lesions, and one partial response in non-injected lesions, which were all from the combination group. Hence, the overall response rate was 0% and 16.7% in the single agent and combination groups, respectively. The duration of response was 3.9-6.5 months. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were fever (n=9). Grade 3 or 4 TRAEs were reported in four patients (15.4%). A clear increase in CD8+cell density in the tumor microenvironment was observed in the patients' post-treatment specimens compared with baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intratumoral injection of oncolytic virus OH2 is well tolerable in patients with sarcoma. Further investigation of OH2 with HX008 in select sarcoma subtypes is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14820,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the understanding and therapeutic manipulation of cancer immune responsiveness: a Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) review.","authors":"Alessandra Cesano, Ryan Augustin, Luigi Barrea, Davide Bedognetti, Tullia C Bruno, Alberto Carturan, Christian Hammer, Winson S Ho, Jakob Nikolas Kather, Tomas Kirchhoff, Rongze O Lu, Jennifer McQuade, Yana G Najjar, Violena Pietrobon, Marco Ruella, Rhine Shen, Laura Soldati, Christine Spencer, Allison Betof Warner, Sarah Warren, Elad Ziv, Francesco M Marincola","doi":"10.1136/jitc-2024-008876","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jitc-2024-008876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer immunotherapy-including immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT)-has become a standard, potentially curative treatment for a subset of advanced solid and liquid tumors. However, most patients with cancer do not benefit from the rapidly evolving improvements in the understanding of principal mechanisms determining cancer immune responsiveness (CIR); including patient-specific genetically determined and acquired factors, as well as intrinsic cancer cell biology. Though CIR is multifactorial, fundamental concepts are emerging that should be considered for the design of novel therapeutic strategies and related clinical studies. Recent advancements as well as novel approaches to address the limitations of current treatments are discussed here, with a specific focus on ICI and ACT.</p>","PeriodicalId":14820,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weal and woe of interleukin-18 in the T cell therapy of cancer.","authors":"Christoph Kessel, Claudia Rossig, Hinrich Abken","doi":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010545","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of solid cancer remains below expectations; adding cytokine help through IL-18 has shown remarkable efficacy in first clinical trials. As IL-18 is also a powerful driver of hyperinflammatory conditions, we discuss to what extent unleashing IL-18 is a double-edged sword in CAR T cell therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14820,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142983586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD93 blockade promotes effector T-cell infiltration and facilitates adoptive cell therapy in solid tumors.","authors":"Yi Sun, Elliott Yee, Yuki Fujiwara, Kaitlyn Dickinson, Yujie Guo, Zhiwei Sun, Junyi Hu, Eduardo Davila, Richard D Schulick, Yuwen Zhu","doi":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010554","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jitc-2024-010554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adaptive cellular therapy (ACT), particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, has been successful in the treatment of hemopoietic malignancies. However, poor trafficking of administered effector T cells to the tumor poses a great hurdle for this otherwise powerful therapeutic approach in solid cancers. Our previous study revealed that targeting CD93 normalizes tumor vascular functions to improve immune checkpoint blockade therapy. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether CD93 blockade improves ACT in solid cancers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD93 or IGFBP7 were administered in implanted mouse melanoma models to assess the effect of CD93 blockade on ACT. Different sources of effector T cells were used, including pre-activated CD8+OT-1, pmel-1 transgenic T cells, and CAR-T cells. Rip-OVA and Rip-TAG-OVA transgenic mice were used to evaluate the selective impact of CD93 blockade on effector T-cell infiltration in tumors. For mechanistic studies, vascular maturation was determined by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry was performed to examine tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Neutralizing mAbs against adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1 were infused to assess their involvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blockade of the CD93 pathway increases the expression of adhesion molecules on tumor vasculature to improve effector T-cell infiltration and function. T-cell transfer and CD93 blockade synergistically improve tumor vascular maturation, as well as inhibit tumor progression. Anti-CD93 selectively promotes effector T-cell infiltration in a tumorous setting where the CD93 pathway is upregulated. In a solid mouse tumor model, blockade of the CD93 pathway improves CAR-T therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CD93 blockade normalizes tumor vasculature leading to improved effector T-cell infiltration and function in solid cancers. Our study advocates the application of CD93 blockade for ACT in solid cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14820,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11749055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}