JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute最新文献

{"title":"RE: Clinical and patient-reported outcomes after oncoplastic vs conventional breast-conserving surgery-a longitudinal, multicenter cohort study.","authors":"Jilong Yuan, Qu Zheng, Peizhuo Zang","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf157","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1751-1752"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the time of COVID-19: challenges, successes, and lessons learned from studies in cancer patients.","authors":"Philip C Mack, James M Crawford, Andres Chang, Anna Yin, Sabra L Klein, Patrick Shea, Fred R Hirsch, David Zidar, Viviana Simon, Charles Gleason, Russell McBride, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Jennifer VanOudenhove, Stephanie Halene, F Eun-Hyung Lee, Nicholas Mantis, Lawrence H Kushi, Daniela Weiskopf, Akil Merchant, Karen L Reckamp, Jacek Skarbinski, Jane C Figueiredo","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf073","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic created the urgent need to monitor risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality and to evaluate immune responses to novel vaccines. A foremost concern was the unknown risks to patients with cancer, considering their overall health, immune status, and interactions with cancer therapies. The US National Cancer Institute, in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, established the SARS-CoV-2 Serological Sciences Network as the nation's largest coordinated effort to identify and establish standardized serology tests to study immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Serological Sciences Network-sponsored institutions established cohort studies in 2020 and 2021 across the nation to prospectively follow more than 3000 patients with solid and hematologic malignancies. Concerted efforts were launched to define common data elements for self-reported and clinicopathological data as well as standardized approaches for serological, cellular, and molecular assays. However, the urgency of the situation, the pace of scientific evolution, and the changing public health landscape presented unique challenges to this effort. Here, we discuss these challenges, including regulatory and institution-specific requirements, enrollment of participants, data and biospecimen collection and harmonization, and the need to adapt study designs to align with the ever changing landscape. This information is critical to the continuance of research on SARS-CoV-2 and provides a roadmap for combatting the emergence of future pathogens with pandemic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1547-1556"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12342778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early identification of weight loss trajectories in advanced cancer and associations with survival.","authors":"Sophia Fuller, Stacey Alexeeff, Bette Caan, Marcus D Goncalves, Richard F Dunne, Tobias Janowitz, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Tilak K Sundaresan, Elizabeth M Cespedes Feliciano","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf030","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consensus criteria to diagnose unintentional weight loss, a condition often termed cachexia that affects most patients with advanced cancer, are based on 6-month changes by which time intervention is often ineffective. Leveraging the large and diverse population in Kaiser Permanente Northern California's community oncology practice, we studied 8338 patients with advanced lung, pancreatic, or colorectal cancers. We calculated weekly weight change measurements from 2 months pre- to 6 months post-diagnosis to identify 4 weight change trajectories (Gain, Stable, Moderate Loss, and Severe Loss) and associated these trajectories with survival. With high agreement, we classified patients into these trajectories after 3 months and found them to be prognostic; those classified in Moderate (HR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.45 to 1.67) or Severe Loss (HR = 2.20; 95% CI = 2.01 to 2.41) at 3 months had significantly increased risk of death compared with the Stable trajectory. Weight loss at 3 months post-diagnosis can accurately classify deleterious weight trajectories, allowing for earlier clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1729-1732"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic antiviral therapy and all-cause mortality in cancer patients with hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection receiving immunosuppressive therapy.","authors":"Sheng Nie, Lisha Cao, Licong Su, Shiyu Zhou, Yanqin Li, Ruixuan Chen, Fan Luo, Qi Gao, Yuxin Lin, Zhixin Guo, Xin Xu, Guobao Wang","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The survival benefits of prophylactic antiviral therapy for cancer patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who require immunosuppressive therapy (IST) remain unclear. The present study aims to evaluate the association of prophylactic antiviral therapy with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included cancer patients with HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection who received IST between January 2012 and December 2022. Patients were divided into groups with or without prophylactic antiviral therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 1 year and secondary outcomes included cancer-related mortality, liver-related mortality, and hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr). Confounding factors in patients who did and did not receive antiviral prophylaxis were balanced by propensity score overlap weighting. The associations between prophylactic antiviral therapy and outcomes were assessed by Cox proportional hazards models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 3677 cancer patients deemed eligible for inclusion, 1541 (41.9%) initiated antiviral prophylaxis and 2136 (58.1%) did not. After overlap weighting, prophylactic antiviral therapy was significantly associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.96), cancer-related mortality (HR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.97), and HBVr (HR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.39 to 0.61) within 1 year. Consistent results were found across various subgroups and multiple sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Initiation of prophylactic antiviral therapy was associated with significant reductions in mortality and HBVr within 1 year in cancer patients with HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection who received IST in real-world clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1605-1613"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of ovarian cancer.","authors":"Rena R Jones, Jessica M Madrigal, Danielle N Medgyesi, Jared A Fisher, Antonia M Calafat, Julianne Cook Botelho, Kayoko Kato, Paul S Albert, Debra T Silverman, Jonathan N Hofmann, Britton Trabert","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent, widespread environmental contaminants and some are endocrine-disrupting. Studies of gynecologic cancers are limited; we evaluated ovarian cancer, a rare, often fatal malignancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This nested case-control study included 318 ovarian cancer cases and 472 individually matched female controls in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, which recruited participants aged 55-74 years from 10 U.S. study centers (1993-2001). We ascertained cases through 2016 and quantitated eight PFAS in prediagnostic serum samples. We estimated ORs and 95% CIs for continuous (log2-transformed) and categorized PFAS concentrations via conditional logistic regression models implicitly adjusting for matching factors (age, center, randomization year, year of blood draw, race and ethnicity) and adjusted for smoking, body mass index, family history of cancer, menopausal hormone therapy and oral contraceptive use, parity, and number of freeze-thaws.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a positive association with ovarian cancer for a doubling in 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (MeFOSAA) concentrations (ORperlog2=1.24, CI = 1.03-1.49) and 62% greater risk among those in the highest quartile (ORQ4vsQ1=1.62, CI = 1.03-2.54; p-trend = 0.02). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was associated with increased risk (ORperlog2=1.47, CI = 1.05-2.06) with no quartile trend (p-trend = 0.79). Associations with perfluorononanoic (ORperlog2=1.36, CI = 0.95-1.95) and perfluorodecanoic acid (ORperlog2=1.35, CI = 0.94-1.95) were suggested, with non-monotonic quartile trends (p-trend = 0.12-0.21). MeFOSAA associations were strongest in women aged 55-59 (ORperlog2=1.60, CI = 1.13-2.27), more moderate in those 60-64 (ORperlog2=1.31, CI = 0.90-1.90) and null among women 65 + (ORperlog2=1.02, CI = 0.73-1.43; p-heterogeneity = 0.22). Associations persisted in cases diagnosed ≥8 years after blood collection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings offer novel evidence for PFAS as ovarian cancer risk factors, particularly PFOS and MeFOSAA, a PFOS precursor.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144764918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized study of 2 risk assessment models for individualized breast cancer risk estimation.","authors":"Adrià López-Fernández, Laura Duran-Lozano, Guillermo Villacampa, Mónica Pardo, Eduard Pérez, Esther Darder, Anna Vallmajó, Rosa Alfonso, Mara Cruellas, Ariadna Roqué, Mireia Cartró, Adriana Bareas, Estela Carrasco, Alejandra Rezqallah, Ana Raquel Jimenez-Macedo, Sara Torres-Esquius, Maite Torres, Consol Lopez, Martín Espinosa, Alex Teulé, Elisabet Munté, Noemi Tuset, Orland Diez, Lidia Feliubadaló, Conxi Lázaro, Gemma Llort, Tim Carver, Lorenzo Ficorella, Nasim Mavaddat, Anna Mercadé, Antonis C Antoniou, Joan Brunet, Teresa Ramon Y Cajal, Judith Balmaña","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estimating breast cancer risk involves quantifying genetic and non-genetic factors. This supports health interventions and risk communication to ensure adherence to screening recommendations. This study evaluated the change in risk estimation when incorporating breast density and polygenic risk score (PRS) into the baseline cancer risk assessment and compared the efficacy of 2 risk-assessment delivery models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 2-step study included 663 healthy women with a family history of breast cancer in which no pathogenic variants were identified. First, breast density and PRS were added to the baseline risk assessment for all participants. A randomized intervention study compared 2 delivery models (in-person vs pre-recorded video) for risk assessment in women at moderate or average risk. All tests were 2-sided.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Breast density and PRS reclassified the risk group into 33% of the participants, with only 5% reclassified as high-risk. After disclosure of their estimated multifactorial risk, 65% of women aligned their risk perception with their estimated risk, compared to 47% at baseline (P < .05). No statistically significant differences were found in the primary endpoint cancer worry, mean = 10.2 (SD = 3.1) vs 10.1 (2.7), between delivery models. In-person delivery had slightly better psychological outcomes (excluding the primary outcome) and higher satisfaction, though few participants in the video group sought in-person clarification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incorporating breast density and PRS into risk assessments led to substantial reclassification, with 1 in 5 women facing de-escalated surveillance. Personalized assessments improve objective perceptions alignment. A model using a pre-recorded video-based model matches in-person delivery for moderate and average-risk women and is scalable for population-level implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1593-1604"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12342814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: The association of where patients with prostate cancer live and receive care on racial treatment inequities.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf142","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1756"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12342741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144284429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: Efficacy and safety of personalized optimal programmed cell death 1 ligand combinations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis.","authors":"Junmei Zhang, Shuai Wang, Tingting Li, Xuefei Liu","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf132","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1747-1748"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical redlining and mortality in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer in California, 2000-2019.","authors":"Kristine A Karvonen, Annie Vu, Katherine Lin, Joseph Gibbons, Jason A Mendoza, Eric J Chow, Lena E Winestone, Scarlett L Gomez","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf105","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Historical redlining, or the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) program's racially biased mortgage risk monitoring maps in the 1930s, is implicated in shaping modern neighborhoods and health outcomes. This retrospective cohort study evaluates the association between redlining and mortality in young cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the California Cancer Registry, we identified patients aged younger than 25 years diagnosed with malignant cancer between 2000 and 2019. HOLC maps were spatially joined with patient address at diagnosis to determine redlining status (A [best], B [still desirable], C [declining], D [hazardous]). Census tract-level US Census and American Community Survey data were appended to determine modern neighborhood characteristics. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate overall survival and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the associations between HOLC grade and mortality, adjusting for clinical and multilevel social drivers of health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 8108 patients resided in HOLC-graded neighborhoods among 51 084 patients statewide. Overall survival at 5 years was inferior for patients who resided in D-graded neighborhoods at diagnosis vs A-graded neighborhoods (80.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 78.6% to 81.8%, vs 88.5%, 95% CI = 84.3% to 91.6%). Adjusting for clinical characteristics, patients in D-graded neighborhoods experienced greater mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.56) compared with those in A- and B-graded neighborhoods. Additional adjustment for insurance attenuated the effect (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.36), and for neighborhood, socioeconomic status marginally attenuated the effect (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.13).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest enduring legacy effects of historical redlining on young individuals with cancer potentially mediated social factors, including health insurance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1646-1654"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Zhang, Wang, Li, et al.","authors":"Xianjing Chu, Wentao Tian, Rongrong Zhou","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf133","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1749-1750"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}