JAMA PsychiatryPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3846
Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Alex Fornito, Janette Tong, Ken Pang, Ben D Fulcher, Mark A Bellgrove
{"title":"Linking Genome-Wide Association Studies to Pharmacological Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Aurina Arnatkeviciute, Alex Fornito, Janette Tong, Ken Pang, Ben D Fulcher, Mark A Bellgrove","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3846","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) should ideally inform the development of pharmacological treatments, but whether GWAS-identified mechanisms of disease liability correspond to the pathophysiological processes targeted by current pharmacological treatments is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether functional information from a range of open bioinformatics datasets can elucidate the relationship between GWAS-identified genetic variation and the genes targeted by current treatments for psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>Associations between GWAS-identified genetic variation and pharmacological treatment targets were investigated across 4 psychiatric disorders-attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder. Using a candidate set of 2232 genes listed as targets for all approved treatments in the DrugBank database, each gene was independently assigned 2 scores for each disorder-one based on its involvement as a treatment target and the other based on the mapping between GWAS-implicated single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and genes according to 1 of 4 bioinformatic data modalities: SNV position, gene distance on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, brain expression quantitative trail locus (eQTL), and gene expression patterns across the brain. Study data were analyzed from November 2023 to September 2024.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Gene scores for pharmacological treatments and GWAS-implicated genes were compared using a measure of weighted similarity applying a stringent null hypothesis-testing framework that quantified the specificity of the match by comparing identified associations for a particular disorder with a randomly selected set of treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incorporating information derived from functional bioinformatics data in the form of a PPI network revealed links for bipolar disorder (P permutation [P-perm] = 7 × 10-4; weighted similarity score, empirical [ρ-emp] = 0.1347; mean [SD] weighted similarity score, random [ρ-rand] = 0.0704 [0.0163]); however, the overall correspondence between treatment targets and GWAS-implicated genes in psychiatric disorders rarely exceeded null expectations. Exploratory analysis assessing the overlap between the GWAS-identified genetic architecture and treatment targets across disorders identified that most disorder pairs and mapping methods did not show a significant correspondence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this bioinformatic study, the relatively low degree of correspondence across modalities suggests that the genetic architecture driving the risk for psychiatric disorders may be distinct from the pathophysiological mechanisms currently used for targeting symptom manifestations through pharmacological treatments. Novel approaches incorporating insig","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"151-160"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JAMA PsychiatryPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3836
Allen J Bailey, Victoria R Votaw, Roger D Weiss, R Kathryn McHugh
{"title":"Capturing the Full Range of Buprenorphine Treatment Response.","authors":"Allen J Bailey, Victoria R Votaw, Roger D Weiss, R Kathryn McHugh","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3836","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Reliance on abstinence-based treatment success rules may fail to capture the full continuum of treatment response to buprenorphine plus medical counseling (BUP+MC) for opioid use disorder (OUD).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe patterns of reduction in illicit opioid use of patients both labeled as a success and nonsuccess based on an abstinent-based treatment outcome rule.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This study is a secondary data analysis of 4 harmonized randomized clinical trials on BUP+MC for OUD from multiple sites that included 869 patients with OUD. These data were analyzed on April 23, 2024. By week 12, 643 participants of the sample original remained (74%).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>All studies included patients randomized to BUP+MC or BUP plus enhanced MC (eg, delivered with adjunctive cognitive behavioral therapy).</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Weekly self-reported days of illicit opioid use through 12 weeks of treatment. Abstinence was confirmed by urine drug screen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 869 adults with OUD aged 18 to 69 (mean, 34.2 [SD, 10.45]) years; 287 patients were female (33%), 52 identified as Black (6%), 70 identified Hispanic (8%), 713 identified as White (82%), and 34 identified as other racial groups (4%). Only 377 patients (43%) would have been labeled a success using an abstinence-based success rule. However, the total sample reported a decrease from a mean baseline rate of illicit opioid use nearly every day (6.21 [SD, 1.50] days per week) to a mean of less than 1 day per week at week 12 (0.54 [SD, 1.28]). Importantly, even those who were labeled as nonsuccessful reported a substantial reduction in opioid use from a mean of 6.29 (SD, 1.42) days per week to 1.51 (SD, 1.76) days per week.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>In this study, about half of patients receiving BUP+MC achieved near complete abstinence; however, many more experienced a partial treatment response characterized by a substantial reduction in illicit opioid use that falls short of abstinence. Future studies are needed to characterize how these reductions are associated with functional and long-term outcomes. Dissemination of BUP+MC as part of standard buprenorphine prescribing practices is an essential next step given the robust average response of this intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"201-203"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JAMA PsychiatryPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3908
Thole H Hoppen, Lena Wessarges, Marvin Jehn, Julian Mutz, Ahlke Kip, Pascal Schlechter, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Nexhmedin Morina
{"title":"Psychological Interventions for Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Thole H Hoppen, Lena Wessarges, Marvin Jehn, Julian Mutz, Ahlke Kip, Pascal Schlechter, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Nexhmedin Morina","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3908","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and debilitating mental disorder, yet a comprehensive network meta-analysis examining psychological interventions is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To synthesize all available evidence on psychological interventions for pediatric PTSD in a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PTSDpubs were searched from inception to January 2, 2024, and 74 related systematic reviews were screened.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Two independent raters screened publications for eligibility. Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trial (RCT) with at least 10 patients per arm examining a psychological intervention for pediatric PTSD compared to a control group in children and adolescents (19 years and younger) with full or subthreshold PTSD.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>PRISMA guidelines were followed to synthesize and present evidence. Two independent raters extracted data and assessed risk of bias with Cochrane criteria. Random-effects network meta-analyses were run.</p><p><strong>Main outcome and measures: </strong>Standardized mean differences (Hedges g) in PTSD severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 70 RCTs (N = 5528 patients) were included. Most RCTs (n = 52 [74%]) examined trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapies (TF-CBTs). At treatment end point, TF-CBTs (g, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.86-1.26; P < .001), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR; g, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.54-1.18; P < .001), multidisciplinary treatments (MDTs) (g, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.53-1.23; P < .001), and non-trauma-focused interventions (g, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.62-1.28; P < .001) were all associated with significantly larger reductions in pediatric PTSD than passive control conditions. TF-CBTs were associated with the largest short-term reductions in pediatric PTSD relative to both passive and active control conditions and across all sensitivity analyses. In a sensitivity analysis including only trials with parent involvement, TF-CBTs were associated with significantly larger reductions in pediatric PTSD than non-trauma-focused interventions (g, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.04-0.66; P = .03). Results for midterm (up to 5 months posttreatment) and long-term data (6-24 months posttreatment) were similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Results from this systematic review and network meta-analysis indicate that TF-CBTs were associated with significant reductions in pediatric PTSD in the short, mid, and long term. More long-term data are needed for EMDR, MDTs, and non-trauma-focused interventions. Results of TF-CBTs are encouraging, and disseminating these results may help reduce common treatment barriers by counteracting common misconceptions, such as the notion that TF-CBTs are harmful rather than helpful.</p>","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"130-141"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JAMA PsychiatryPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4011
David T Zhu, Zirui Song, Sneha Kannan, Christopher L Cai, Simar S Bajaj, Suhas Gondi
{"title":"Private Equity Ownership of US Opioid Treatment Programs.","authors":"David T Zhu, Zirui Song, Sneha Kannan, Christopher L Cai, Simar S Bajaj, Suhas Gondi","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4011","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"204-206"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JAMA PsychiatryPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3702
Samuel J Westwood, Pascal-M Aggensteiner, Anna Kaiser, Peter Nagy, Federica Donno, Dóra Merkl, Carla Balia, Allison Goujon, Elisa Bousquet, Agata Maria Capodiferro, Laura Derks, Diane Purper-Ouakil, Sara Carucci, Martin Holtmann, Daniel Brandeis, Samuele Cortese, Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
{"title":"Neurofeedback for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Samuel J Westwood, Pascal-M Aggensteiner, Anna Kaiser, Peter Nagy, Federica Donno, Dóra Merkl, Carla Balia, Allison Goujon, Elisa Bousquet, Agata Maria Capodiferro, Laura Derks, Diane Purper-Ouakil, Sara Carucci, Martin Holtmann, Daniel Brandeis, Samuele Cortese, Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3702","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Neurofeedback has been proposed for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but the efficacy of this intervention remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using probably blinded (ie, rated by individuals probably or certainly unaware of treatment allocation) or neuropsychological outcomes to test the efficacy of neurofeedback as a treatment for ADHD in terms of core symptom reduction and improved neuropsychological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed (MEDLINE), Ovid (PsycInfo, MEDLINE, Embase + Embase Classic), and Web of Science, as well as the reference lists of eligible records and relevant systematic reviews, were searched until July 25, 2023, with no language limits.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Parallel-arm RCTs investigating neurofeedback in participants of any age with a clinical ADHD or hyperkinetic syndrome diagnosis were included.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with Hedges g correction were pooled in random effects meta-analyses for all eligible outcomes.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The primary outcome was ADHD total symptom severity assessed at the first postintervention time point, focusing on reports by individuals judged probably or certainly unaware of treatment allocation (probably blinded). Secondary outcomes were inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and neuropsychological outcomes postintervention and at a longer-term follow-up (ie, after the last follow-up time point). RCTs were assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool version 2.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 38 RCTs (2472 participants aged 5 to 40 years) were included. Probably blinded reports of ADHD total symptoms showed no significant improvement with neurofeedback (k = 20; n = 1214; SMD, 0.04; 95% CI, -0.10 to 0.18). A small significant improvement was seen when analyses were restricted to RCTs using established standard protocols (k = 9; n = 681; SMD, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.40). Results remained similar with adults excluded or when analyses were restricted to RCTs where cortical learning or self-regulation was established. Of the 5 neuropsychological outcomes analyzed, a significant but small improvement was observed only for processing speed (k = 15; n = 909; SMD, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.69). Heterogeneity was generally low to moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Overall, neurofeedback did not appear to meaningfully benefit individuals with ADHD, clinically or neuropsychologically, at the group level. Future studies seeking to identify individuals with ADHD who may benefit from neurofeedback could focus on using standard neurofeedback protocols, measuring processing speed, and leveraging advances in precision medicine, including neuroimaging technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"118-129"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JAMA PsychiatryPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3714
Demelza Smeeth, Simone Ecker, Olga Chervova, Fiona McEwen, Elie Karam, Stephan Beck, Michael Pluess
{"title":"War Exposure and DNA Methylation in Syrian Refugee Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Demelza Smeeth, Simone Ecker, Olga Chervova, Fiona McEwen, Elie Karam, Stephan Beck, Michael Pluess","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3714","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Exposure to war is associated with poor mental health outcomes. Adverse and traumatic experiences can lead to long-lasting DNA methylation changes, potentially mediating the link between adversity and mental health. To date, limited studies have investigated the impact of war on DNA methylation in children or adolescents, hampering our understanding of the biological impact of war exposure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify salivary DNA methylation differences associated with war exposure in refugee children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This cohort study included Syrian refugee children and adolescents, and their primary caregiver were recruited from tented settlements in Lebanon. Data collection was carried out in 2 waves, 1 year apart, from October 2017 to January 2018 and October 2018 to January 2019. Children and their caregiver were interviewed, and children provided saliva samples for DNA extraction. Data analysis was conducted in 2022, 2023, and 2024.</p><p><strong>Exposure: </strong>War exposure assessed by interviewing children and their caregiver using the War Events Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Salivary DNA methylation levels were assayed with the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Illumina). Epigenetic aging acceleration was estimated using a set of preexisting epigenetic aging clocks. A literature search was conducted to identify previously reported DNA methylation correlates of childhood trauma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population included 1507 children and adolescents (mean [SD] age, 11.3 [2.4] years; age range, 6-19 years; 793 female [52.6%]). A total of 1449 children provided saliva samples for DNA extraction in year 1, and 872 children provided samples in year 2. Children who reported war events had a number of differentially methylated sites and regions. Enrichment analyses indicated an enrichment of gene sets associated with transmembrane transport, neurotransmission, and intracellular movement in genes that exhibited differential methylation. Sex-stratified analyses found a number of sex-specific DNA methylation differences associated with war exposure. Only 2 of 258 (0.8%) previously reported trauma-associated DNA methylation sites were associated with war exposure (B = -0.004; 95% CI, -0.005 to -0.003; Bonferroni P = .04 and B = -0.005; 95% CI, -0.006 to -0.004; Bonferroni P = .03). Any war exposure or bombardment was nominally associated with decreased epigenetic age using the Horvath multitissue clock (B = -0.39; 95% CI, -0.63 to -0.14; P = .007 and B = -0.42; 95% CI, -0.73 to -0.11; P = .002).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this cohort of Syrian refugee children and adolescents, war exposure was associated with a small number of distinct differences in salivary DNA methylation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"191-200"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11579893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JAMA PsychiatryPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3833
Matthew Robert Dernbach, Randi N Smith, Joseph E Carpenter
{"title":"A Framework for Suicide Risk Screening After Overdose: The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) Trauma Survey Framework.","authors":"Matthew Robert Dernbach, Randi N Smith, Joseph E Carpenter","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3833","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3833","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"105-106"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JAMA PsychiatryPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3525
K Juston Osborne, Deanna M Barch, Joshua J Jackson, Nicole R Karcher
{"title":"Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms Before and After Adolescent Cannabis Use Initiation.","authors":"K Juston Osborne, Deanna M Barch, Joshua J Jackson, Nicole R Karcher","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3525","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Adolescent cannabis use has been consistently posited to contribute to the onset and progression of psychosis. However, alternative causal models may account for observed associations between cannabis use and psychosis risk, including shared vulnerability for both cannabis use and psychosis or efforts to self-medicate distress from psychosis spectrum symptomology.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test 3 hypotheses that may explain cannabis-psychosis risk associations by modeling psychosis spectrum symptom trajectories prior to and after cannabis initiation across adolescent development (approximately 10-15 years of age).</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This cohort study used data from 5 waves across 4 years of follow-up from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. The ABCD study is an ongoing large-scale, longitudinal study of brain development and mental and physical health of children in the US launched in June 2016. Data are collected from 21 research sites. The study included data from 11 868 adolescents aged 9 to 10 years at baseline. Three participants were excluded from the present analysis owing to missing data. Data analysis was performed from September 2023 to July 2024.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Discontinuous growth curve modeling was used to assess trajectories of psychosis spectrum symptoms before and after cannabis initiation. Control variables considered for this investigation were age, sex, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, socioeconomic status, parental mental health, and other substance use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 11 858 participants at wave 1, the mean (SD) age was 9.5 (0.5) years; 6182 (52%) participants were male. Consistent with a shared vulnerability hypothesis, adolescents who used cannabis at any point during the study period reported a greater number of psychosis spectrum symptoms (B, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.68-1.04) and more distress (B, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.96-1.39) from psychosis spectrum symptoms relative to those who never used cannabis. Additionally, consistent with a self-medication hypothesis, the number of psychosis spectrum symptoms (B, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.12-0.20) and distress (B, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.21-0.26) from psychosis spectrum symptoms increased in the time leading up to cannabis initiation. We observed mixed evidence for an increase in psychosis symptoms after cannabis initiation (ie, contributing risk hypothesis).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>The findings underscore the importance of accounting for shared vulnerability and self-medication effects when modeling cannabis-psychosis risk associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"181-190"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11541740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JAMA PsychiatryPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3842
Susan H Busch, Jason Hockenberry, Helen Newton
{"title":"Characteristics of Adults Treated at Mental Health Treatment Centers in the US, 2022.","authors":"Susan H Busch, Jason Hockenberry, Helen Newton","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3842","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3842","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"206-208"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11603377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}