JAMA Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Emergency Department Visits Involving Hallucinogen Use and Risk of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Daniel T. Myran, Michael Pugliese, Jennifer Xiao, Tyler S. Kaster, M. Ishrat Husain, Kelly K. Anderson, Nicholas Fabiano, Stanley Wong, Jess G. Fiedorowicz, Colleen Webber, Peter Tanuseputro, Marco Solmi","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3532","url":null,"abstract":"ImportanceInterest in and use of hallucinogens has been increasing rapidly. While a frequently raised concern is that hallucinogens may be associated with an increased risk of psychosis, there are limited data on this association.ObjectivesTo examine whether individuals with an emergency department (ED) visit involving hallucinogen use have an increased risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD).Design, Settings, and ParticipantsThis population-based, retrospective cohort study (January 2008 to December 2021) included all individuals aged 14 to 65 years in Ontario, Canada, with no history of psychosis (SSD or substance induced). Data were analyzed from May to August 2024.ExposureAn incident ED visit involving hallucinogen use.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiagnosis of SSD using a medical record–validated algorithm. Associations between ED visits involving hallucinogens and SSD were estimated using cause-specific adjusted hazard models. Individuals with an incident ED visit involving hallucinogens were compared with members of the general population (primary analysis) or individuals with ED visits involving alcohol or cannabis (secondary analysis).ResultsThe study included 9 244 292 individuals (mean [SD] age, 40.4 [14.7] years; 50.2% female) without a history of psychosis, with a median follow-up of 5.1 years (IQR, 2.3-8.6 years); 5217 (0.1%) had an incident ED visit involving hallucinogen use. Annual rates of incident ED visits involving hallucinogens were stable between 2008 and 2012 and then increased by 86.4% between 2013 and 2021 (3.4 vs 6.4 per 100 000 individuals). Individuals with ED visits involving hallucinogens had a greater risk of being diagnosed with an SSD within 3 years compared with the general population (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 21.32 [95% CI, 18.58-24.47]; absolute proportion with SSD at 3 years, 208 of 5217 with hallucinogen use [3.99%] vs 13 639 of 9 239 075 in the general population [0.15%]). After adjustment for comorbid substance use and mental health conditions, individuals with hallucinogen ED visits had a greater risk of SSD compared with the general population (HR, 3.53; 95% CI, 3.05-4.09). Emergency department visits involving hallucinogens were associated with an increased risk of SSD within 3 years compared with ED visits involving alcohol (HR, 4.66; 95% CI, 3.82-5.68) and cannabis (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.80) in the fully adjusted model.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, individuals with an ED visit involving hallucinogen use had a greater risk of developing an SSD compared with both the general population and with individuals with ED visits for other types of substances. These findings have important clinical and policy implications given the increasing use of hallucinogens and associated ED visits.","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repurposing Semaglutide and Liraglutide for Alcohol Use Disorder","authors":"Markku Lähteenvuo, Jari Tiihonen, Anssi Solismaa, Antti Tanskanen, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz, Heidi Taipale","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3599","url":null,"abstract":"ImportancePreliminary studies suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonists, used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, may decrease alcohol consumption.ObjectiveTo test whether the risk of hospitalization due to alcohol use disorder (AUD) is decreased during the use of GLP-1 agonists compared with periods of nonuse for the same individual.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was an observational study conducted nationwide in Sweden using data from January 2006 to December 2023. The population-based cohort was identified from registers of inpatient care, specialized outpatient care, sickness absence, and disability pension. Participants were all residents aged 16 to 64 years who had a diagnosis of AUD.ExposuresThe primary exposure was use of individual GLP-1 agonists (compared with nonuse of GLP-1 agonists), and the secondary exposure was medications with indication for AUD.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was AUD hospitalization analyzed in a Cox regression within-individual model. Secondary outcomes were any substance use disorder (SUD)–related hospitalization, somatic hospitalization, and suicide attempt.ResultsThe cohort included 227 866 individuals with AUD; 144 714 (63.5%) were male and 83 154 (36.5%) were female, with a mean (SD) age of 40.0 (15.7) years. Median (IQR) follow-up time was 8.8 (4.0-13.3) years. A total of 133 210 individuals (58.5%) experienced AUD hospitalization. Semaglutide (4321 users) was associated with the lowest risk (AUD: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50-0.83; any SUD: aHR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.85) and use of liraglutide (2509 users) with the second lowest risk (AUD: aHR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57-0.92; any SUD: aHR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97) of both AUD and SUD hospitalization. Use of any AUD medication was associated with a modestly decreased risk (aHR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.00). Semaglutide (aHR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68-0.90) and liraglutide (aHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69-0.91) use were also associated with decreased risk of somatic hospitalizations but not associated with suicide attempts (semaglutide: aHR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.23-1.30; liraglutide: aHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.55-2.15).Conclusions and RelevanceAmong patients with AUD and comorbid obesity/type 2 diabetes, the use of semaglutide and liraglutide were associated with a substantially decreased risk of hospitalization due to AUD. This risk was lower than that of officially approved AUD medications. Semaglutide and liraglutide may be effective in the treatment of AUD, and clinical trials are urgently needed to confirm these findings.","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synaptic Density in Early Stages of Psychosis and Clinical High Risk","authors":"M. Belen Blasco, Kankana Nisha Aji, Christian Ramos-Jiménez, Ilana Ruth Leppert, Christine Lucas Tardif, Johan Cohen, Pablo M. Rusjan, Romina Mizrahi","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.3608","url":null,"abstract":"ImportanceSynaptic dysfunction is involved in schizophrenia pathophysiology. However, whether in vivo synaptic density is reduced in early stages of psychosis, including its high-risk states, remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate whether synaptic density (synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A [SV2A] binding potential) is reduced in first-episode psychosis (FEP) and in clinical high risk (CHR) and investigate the effect of cannabis use on synaptic density and examine its relationship with psychotic symptoms and gray matter microstructure across groups.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary care psychiatric hospital from July 2021 to October 2023. Participants were patients with antipsychotic-free or minimally exposed FEP or CHR and healthy controls with a clean urine drug screen (except cannabis).Main Outcomes and MeasuresSynaptic density was quantified with dynamic 90-minute [<jats:sup>18</jats:sup>F]SynVesT-1 positron emission tomography (PET) scans across prioritized brain regions of interest (ROIs) delineated in individual magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Cannabis use was confirmed with urine drug screens. Gray matter microstructure was assessed using diffusion-weighted MRI to estimate neurite density.ResultsA total of 49 participants were included, including 16 patients with FEP (mean [SD] age, 26.1 [4.6] years; 9 males and 7 females), 17 patients at CHR (mean [SD] age, 21.2 [3.5] years; 8 males and 9 females), and 16 healthy controls (mean [SD] age, 23.4 [3.6] years; 7 males and 9 females). Synaptic density was significantly different between groups (<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>2,273</jats:sub> = 4.02, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .02, Cohen <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> = 0.17; ROI: <jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>5,273</jats:sub> = 360.18, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < .01, Cohen <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> = 2.55) with a group × ROI interaction (<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>10,273</jats:sub> = 2.67, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < .01, Cohen <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> = 0.32). Synaptic density was lower in cannabis users (<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>1,272</jats:sub> = 5.31, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .02, Cohen <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> = 0.14). Lower synaptic density across groups was associated with more negative symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale negative scores: <jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>1,81</jats:sub> = 4.31, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .04, Cohen <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> = 0.23; Scale of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms negative scores: <jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>1,90</jats:sub> = 4.12, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .04, Cohen <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> = 0.21). SV2A binding potential was significantly associated with neurite density index (<jats:italic>F</jats:italic><jats:sub>1,138</jats:sub> = 6.76, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = .01, Cohen <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> = 0.22).Con","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammatory Biomarkers and Risk of Psychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Yu Zeng, Charilaos Chourpiliadis, Niklas Hammar, Christina Seitz, Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir, Fang Fang, Huan Song, Dang Wei","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2185","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Individuals with psychiatric disorders have been reported to have elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and prospective evidence is limited regarding the association between inflammatory biomarkers and subsequent psychiatric disorders risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the associations between inflammation biomarkers and subsequent psychiatric disorders risk.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This was a prospective cohort study including individuals from the Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk (AMORIS) cohort, with no prior psychiatric diagnoses and having a measurement of at least 1 inflammatory biomarker. Data from the UK Biobank were used for validation. Longitudinal trajectories of studied biomarkers were visualized before diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in the AMORIS cohort via a nested case-control study. In addition, genetic correlation and mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to determine the genetic overlap and causality of the studied associations using publicly available GWAS summary statistics.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Inflammatory biomarkers, eg, leukocytes, haptoglobin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), C-reactive protein (CRP), platelets, or albumin.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Any psychiatric disorder or specific psychiatric disorder (ie, depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders) was identified through the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Revision codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 585 279 individuals (mean [SD] age, 45.5 [14.9] years; 306 784 male [52.4%]) in the AMORIS cohort, individuals with a higher than median level of leukocytes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.09-1.14), haptoglobin (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.12-1.14), or CRP (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04) had an elevated associated risk of any psychiatric disorders. In contrast, we found an inverse association for IgG level (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.94). The estimates were comparable for depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders, specifically, and these results were largely validated in the UK Biobank (n = 485 620). Analyses of trajectories revealed that individuals with psychiatric disorders had higher levels of leukocytes and haptoglobin and a lower level of IgG than their controls up to 30 years before the diagnosis. The MR analysis suggested a possible causal relationship between leukocytes and depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this cohort study, inflammatory biomarkers including leukocytes, haptoglobin, CRP, and IgG were associated with a subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders, and thus might be used for high-risk population identification. The possible causal link between leukocytes and depression supports the crucial role of inflammation in the development of psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1118-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informant Effect on Placebo Response in Mental Disorders.","authors":"Toshi A Furukawa, Pim Cuijpers","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2862","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2862","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1159"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informant Effect on Placebo Response in Mental Disorders.","authors":"Natan Pereira Gosmann, Giovanni Abrahão Salum","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2865","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1159-1160"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectories of Inflammation in Youth and Risk of Mental and Cardiometabolic Disorders in Adulthood.","authors":"Edward R Palmer, Isabel Morales-Muñoz, Benjamin I Perry, Steven Marwaha, Ella Warwick, Jack C Rogers, Rachel Upthegrove","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2193","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Research suggests that low-grade, nonresolving inflammation may predate adult mental and physical illness. However, evidence to date is largely cross-sectional or focuses on single disorder outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine trajectories of inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a large sample of children and adolescents, and to explore associations between different identified trajectories and mental and related cardiometabolic health outcomes in early adulthood.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>In a longitudinal cohort study using data from the large UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to explore different trajectories of inflammation, with logistic regression exploring association with mental and physical health outcomes. Participants with measurable CRP data and associated mental and cardiometabolic health outcomes recorded were included in the analysis. Data analysis was performed from May 1, 2023, to March 30, 2024.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Inflammation was assessed via CRP levels at ages 9, 15, and 17 years. LCGA was used to identify different trajectories of inflammation.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Outcomes assessed at age 24 years included psychotic disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, hypomania, and, as a measure of insulin resistance, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2) score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6556 participants (3303 [50.4%] female) were included. Three classes of inflammation were identified: persistently low CRP levels (reference class, n = 6109); persistently raised CRP levels, peaking at age 9 years (early peak, n = 197); and persistently raised CRP levels, peaking at age 17 years (late peak, n = 250). Participants in the early peak group were associated with a higher risk of psychotic disorder (odds ratio [OR], 4.60; 95% CI, 1.81-11.70; P = .008), a higher risk of severe depression (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.64-11.63; P = .02), and higher HOMA2 scores (β = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01-0.62, P = .04) compared with participants with persistently low CRP. The late peak group was not associated with any outcomes at age 24 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Low-grade systemic inflammation peaking in midchildhood was associated with specific mental and cardiometabolic disorders in young adulthood. These findings suggest that low-grade persistent inflammation in early life may be an important shared common factor for mental-physical comorbidity and so could be relevant to future efforts of patient stratification and risk profiling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1130-1137"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial Interests and EEG Data Collection.","authors":"Dost Ongur","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2558","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1148"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bringing Imaging Biomarkers Into Clinical Reality in Psychiatry.","authors":"Amit Etkin, Daniel H Mathalon","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2553","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Advancing precision psychiatry, where treatments are based on an individual's biology rather than solely their clinical presentation, requires attention to several key attributes for any candidate biomarker. These include test-retest reliability, sensitivity to relevant neurophysiology, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Unfortunately, these issues have not been systematically addressed by biomarker development efforts that use common neuroimaging tools like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). Here, the critical barriers that neuroimaging methods will need to overcome to achieve clinical relevance in the near to intermediate term are examined.</p><p><strong>Observations: </strong>Reliability is often overlooked, which together with sensitivity to key aspects of neurophysiology and replicated predictive utility, favors EEG-based methods. The principal barrier for EEG has been the lack of large-scale data collection among multisite psychiatric consortia. By contrast, despite its high reliability, structural MRI has not demonstrated clinical utility in psychiatry, which may be due to its limited sensitivity to psychiatry-relevant neurophysiology. Given the prevalence of structural MRIs, establishment of a compelling clinical use case remains its principal barrier. By contrast, low reliability and difficulty in standardizing collection are the principal barriers for functional MRI, along with the need for demonstration that its superior spatial resolution over EEG and ability to directly image subcortical regions in fact provide unique clinical value. Often missing, moreover, is consideration of how these various scientific issues can be balanced against practical economic realities of psychiatric health care delivery today, for which embedding economic modeling into biomarker development efforts may help direct research efforts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>EEG seems most ripe for near- to intermediate-term clinical impact, especially considering its scalability and cost-effectiveness. Recent efforts to broaden its collection, as well as development of low-cost turnkey systems, suggest a promising pathway by which neuroimaging can impact clinical care. Continued MRI research focused on its key barriers may hold promise for longer-horizon utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1142-1147"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informant Effect on Placebo Response in Mental Disorders-Reply.","authors":"Tom Bschor, Christopher Baethge","doi":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2868","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.2868","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14800,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1160"},"PeriodicalIF":22.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142361546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}