JMIR mHealth and uHealth最新文献

{"title":"Controlled and Real-Life Investigation of Optical Tracking Sensors in Smart Glasses for Monitoring Eating Behavior Using Deep Learning: Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Simon Stankoski, Ivana Kiprijanovska, Martin Gjoreski, Filip Panchevski, Borjan Sazdov, Bojan Sofronievski, Andrew Cleal, Mohsen Fatoorechi, Charles Nduka, Hristijan Gjoreski","doi":"10.2196/59469","DOIUrl":"10.2196/59469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing prevalence of obesity necessitates innovative approaches to better understand this health crisis, particularly given its strong connection to chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular conditions. Monitoring dietary behavior is crucial for designing effective interventions that help decrease obesity prevalence and promote healthy lifestyles. However, traditional dietary tracking methods are limited by participant burden and recall bias. Exploring microlevel eating activities, such as meal duration and chewing frequency, in addition to eating episodes, is crucial due to their substantial relation to obesity and disease risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective of the study was to develop an accurate and noninvasive system for automatically monitoring eating and chewing activities using sensor-equipped smart glasses. The system distinguishes chewing from other facial activities, such as speaking and teeth clenching. The secondary objective was to evaluate the system's performance on unseen test users using a combination of laboratory-controlled and real-life user studies. Unlike state-of-the-art studies that focus on detecting full eating episodes, our approach provides a more granular analysis by specifically detecting chewing segments within each eating episode.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study uses OCO optical sensors embedded in smart glasses to monitor facial muscle activations related to eating and chewing activities. The sensors measure relative movements on the skin's surface in 2 dimensions (X and Y). Data from these sensors are analyzed using deep learning (DL) to distinguish chewing from other facial activities. To address the temporal dependence between chewing events in real life, we integrate a hidden Markov model as an additional component that analyzes the output from the DL model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistical tests of mean sensor activations revealed statistically significant differences across all 6 comparison pairs (P<.001) involving 2 sensors (cheeks and temple) and 3 facial activities (eating, clenching, and speaking). These results demonstrate the sensitivity of the sensor data. Furthermore, the convolutional long short-term memory model, which is a combination of convolutional and long short-term memory neural networks, emerged as the best-performing DL model for chewing detection. In controlled laboratory settings, the model achieved an F<sub>1</sub>-score of 0.91, demonstrating robust performance. In real-life scenarios, the system demonstrated high precision (0.95) and recall (0.82) for detecting eating segments. The chewing rates and the number of chews evaluated in the real-life study showed consistency with expected real-life eating behaviors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study represents a substantial advancement in dietary monitoring and health technology. By providing a reliable and noninvasive met","PeriodicalId":14756,"journal":{"name":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth","volume":"12 ","pages":"e59469"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Noncommercial Parent-Focused mHealth Interventions for Behavioral Problems in Youth: Systematic Review.","authors":"Katherine I Magnuson, Kexin Li, Grace Beuley, Stacy R Ryan-Pettes","doi":"10.2196/51273","DOIUrl":"10.2196/51273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rates of substance use among adolescents are alarmingly high, and current treatment options lack integration of parent-focused interventions, despite evidence that effective parenting practices can mediate treatment outcomes for adolescents involved in substance use. Accessibility and other barriers to parental interventions may be mitigated through mobile health (mHealth); however, few mHealth platforms target substance use behaviors for adolescents through the implementation of behavioral parent training strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study seeks to review current mHealth platforms within empirical literature that are designed to increase effective parenting through behavioral parent training techniques. Because of the paucity of mHealth modalities that use parenting strategies to target substance use in adolescents, the objective was expanded to include mHealth platforms addressing behavior problems among youth, given that parent-targeted treatments for these clinical presentations overlap with those for adolescent substance use. Overall, the systematic review was conducted to inform the development of mHealth apps for parents of youth involved in substance use, improve accessibility, and better align with parental needs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method to select relevant articles across several databases. Each study was assessed for relevance and inclusion. Each study was reviewed for demographics, delivery medium, intervention status as stand-alone treatment or as an enhancement to treatment, mobile device used, mental health condition targeted, intervention type, underlying intervention theory, behavior change theory applied in design, behavior change techniques, parent training techniques, youth outcomes, parent outcomes, visual design, content, and features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 11 studies were included. Nearly all studies (9/11, 82%) predominantly sampled female caregivers. Most of the studies (6/11, 55%) integrated social learning theory. Only a few of the studies (2/11, 18%) discussed the embedded behavior change theories, whereas all the studies (11/11, 100%) used at least one behavior change technique to encourage change in parental behaviors. Many of the studies (7/11, 64%) tailored design features to the end user. Of the various behavioral parent training techniques, nearly all studies (10/11, 91%) included the skill of strengthening the parent-child relationship. A preliminary evaluation of treatment outcomes suggests a positive impact of parent-targeted mHealth interventions. When reported, the effect sizes for treatment ranged from Cohen d=0.38 to Cohen d=1.58 for youth and from Cohen d=0.13 to Cohen d=2.59 for parents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although features and techniques were referenced, only a few of the stud","PeriodicalId":14756,"journal":{"name":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth","volume":"12 ","pages":"e51273"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Adoption of mHealth Technologies by Community Health Workers to Improve the Use of Maternal Health Services in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review.","authors":"Chiyembekezo Kachimanga, Haules Robbins Zaniku, Titus Henry Divala, Johannes C F Ket, Joia S Mukherjee, Daniel Palazuelos, Alexandra V Kulinkina, Ibukun-Oluwa Omolade Abejirinde, Thomas van den Akker","doi":"10.2196/55819","DOIUrl":"10.2196/55819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited information exists on the impact of mobile health (mHealth) use by community health workers (CHWs) on improving the use of maternal health services in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review addresses 2 objectives: evaluating the impact of mHealth use by CHWs on antenatal care (ANC) use, facility-based births, and postnatal care (PNC) use in SSA; and identifying facilitators and barriers to mHealth use by CHWs in programs designed to increase ANC use, facility-based births, and PNC use in SSA using a sociotechnical system approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for articles in 6 databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Africa Index Medicus) from inception up to September 2022, with additional articles identified from Google Scholar. After article selection, 2 independent reviewers performed title and abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction using Covidence software (Veritas Health Innovation Ltd). In addition, we manually screened the references lists of the included articles. Finally, we performed a narrative synthesis of the outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 2594 records retrieved, 10 (0.39%) studies (n=22, 0.85% articles) met the inclusion criteria and underwent data extraction. The studies were published between 2012 and 2022 in 6 countries. Of the studies reporting on ANC outcomes, 43% (3/7) reported that mHealth use by CHWs increased ANC use. Similarly, of the studies reporting on facility-based births, 89% (8/9) demonstrated an increase due to mHealth use by CHWs. In addition, in the PNC studies, 75% (3/4) showed increased PNC use associated with mHealth use by CHWs. Many of the studies reported on the importance of addressing factors related to the social environment of mHealth-enabled CHWs, including the perception of CHWs by the community, trust, relationships, digital literacy, training, mentorship and supervision, skills, CHW program ownership, and the provision of incentives. Very few studies reported on how program goals and culture influenced mHealth use by CHWs. Providing free equipment, accessories, and internet connectivity while addressing ongoing challenges with connectivity, power, the ease of using mHealth software, and equipment maintenance support allowed mHealth-enabled CHW programs to thrive.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>mHealth use by CHWs was associated with an increase in ANC use, facility-based births, and PNC use in SSA. Identifying and addressing social and technical barriers to the use of mHealth is essential to ensure the success of mHealth programs.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42022346364; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=346364.</p>","PeriodicalId":14756,"journal":{"name":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth","volume":"12 ","pages":"e55819"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Eye Care Apps for Children and Adolescents Based on the Mobile App Rating Scale: Content Analysis and Quality Assessment","authors":"Ming Liu, Xiaoqian Wu, Ziyu Li, Dongmei Tan, Cheng Huang","doi":"10.2196/53805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/53805","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> In China, the current situation of myopia among children and adolescents is very serious. Prevention and control of myopia are inhibited by the lack of medical resources and the low awareness about eye care. Nevertheless, mobile apps provide an effective means to solve these problems. Since the health app market in China is still immature, it has become particularly important to conduct a study to assess the quality of eye-care apps to facilitate the development of better eye-care service strategies. <strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to evaluate the quality, functionality, medical evidence, and professional background of eye-care apps targeting children and adolescents in the Chinese app stores. <strong>Methods:</strong> A systematic search on iOS and Android app stores was performed to identify eye-care apps for children and adolescents. The general characteristics, development context, and functional features of the apps were described. Quality assessment of the apps was completed by 2 independent researchers using the Mobile App Rating Scale. <strong>Results:</strong> This study included 29 apps, of which 17 (59%) were developed by commercial organizations and 12 (41%) had a design with relevant scientific basis. The main built-in functions of these apps include self-testing (18/29, 62%), eye exercises (16/29, 55%), and eye-care education (16/29, 55%). The mean overall quality of eye-care apps was 3.49 (SD 0.33), with a score ranging from 2.89 to 4.39. The overall Mobile App Rating Scale score exhibited a significant positive correlation with the subscale scores (<i>r</i>=0.81-0.91; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). In addition, although most apps provided basic eye-care features, there are some deficiencies. For example, only a few apps were developed with the participation of medical organizations or professional ophthalmologists, and most of the apps were updated infrequently, failing to provide the latest eye-care information and technology in a timely manner. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> In general, the quality of eye-care apps for children and teenagers in Chinese app stores is good. These apps fulfill users’ needs for eye-care services to a certain extent, but they still suffer from insufficient medical background, low user engagement, and untimely updates. In order to further improve the effectiveness of eye-care apps, cooperation with medical institutions and professional ophthalmologists should be strengthened to enhance the scientific and authoritative nature of the apps. At the same time, interactive features and regular updates should be added to enhance user participation and the continuity of the apps. This study provides a reference for future development or improvement of eye-care apps, which can help promote myopia prevention and control.","PeriodicalId":14756,"journal":{"name":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Outcomes of a Digital Behavioral Coaching Intervention to Improve Employee Health Status: Retrospective Observational Study","authors":"Amani Fadzlina Abdul Aziz, Tiffanie Ong","doi":"10.2196/50356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/50356","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for major disability and premature mortality worldwide, with low- and middle-income countries being disproportionately burdened. Given the negative impact of NCDs on employee performance and work productivity, there is a rising need for stakeholders to identify effective workplace solutions that can improve employee health outcomes. As the workplace becomes more dispersed post pandemic, digital behavioral coaching offers a scalable, personalized, and cost-effective method of managing chronic disease risk factors among employees. <strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the impact of a digital behavioral coaching program on year-to-year changes in employee health status in a cohort of Indonesian employees. <strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective real-world exploratory analysis of secondary health data followed 774 employees of an Indonesian company who completed company-sponsored health screenings between 2021 and 2022 and were given access to Naluri (Naluri Hidup Sdn Bhd), a holistic digital therapeutics platform offering digital behavioral health coaching and self-help tools. Participants were retrospectively classified as those who received active coaching (n=177), passive coaching (n=108), and no coaching (n=489). Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the year-to-year changes in health outcomes across the 3 employee groups, with post hoc analyses evaluating within-group differences between the 2 time points and between-group differences at follow-up. <strong>Results:</strong> Significant time×group interaction effects were detected for body weight, BMI, hemoglobin A_1c, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed significant improvements in hemoglobin A_1c (mean difference [M_diff]=–0.14, <i>P</i>=.008), high-density lipoprotein (M_diff=+2.14, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), and total cholesterol (M_diff=–11.45, <i>P</i>&lt;.001) for employees in the Active Coaching group between 2021 and 2022, with the other 2 groups reporting deteriorations in multiple health outcomes throughout the 2 time points. At follow-up, those who received active coaching between 2021 and 2022 reported significantly lower body weight (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), BMI (<i>P</i>=.001), low-density lipoprotein (<i>P</i>=.045), and total cholesterol (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) than the No Coaching group. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study demonstrates real-world outcomes and implications supporting the use of workplace digital behavioral coaching in improving employee health status. Given the rising burden of NCDs in the Southeast Asian region, our findings underscore the role that workplace digital health interventions can play in preventing and managing chronic disease risk factors. <strong>Trial Registration:</strong>","PeriodicalId":14756,"journal":{"name":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Air Pollution Information on Individuals’ Exercise Behavior: Empirical Study Using Wearable and Mobile Devices Data","authors":"Yang Yang, Khim-Yong Goh, Hock Hai Teo, Sharon Swee-Lin Tan","doi":"10.2196/55207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/55207","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background:</strong> Physical exercise and exposure to air pollution have counteracting effects on individuals’ health outcomes. Knowledge on individuals’ real-time exercise behavior response to different pollution information sources remains inadequate. <strong>Objective:</strong> This study aims to examine the extent to which individuals avoid polluted air during exercise activities in response to different air pollution information sources. <strong>Methods:</strong> We used data on individuals’ exercise behaviors captured by wearable and mobile devices in 83 Chinese cities over a 2-year time span. In our data set, 35.99% (5896/16,379) of individuals were female and 64% (10,483/16,379) were male, and their ages predominantly ranged from 18 to 50 years. We further augmented the exercise behavior data with air pollution information that included city-hourly level measures of the Air Quality Index and particulate matter 2.5 concentration (in µg/m³), and weather data that include city-hourly level measures of air temperature (ºC), dew point (ºC), wind speed (m/s), and wind direction (degrees). We used a linear panel fixed effect model to estimate individuals’ exercise-aversion behaviors (ie, running exercise distance at individual-hour, city-hour, or city-day levels) and conducted robustness checks using the endogenous treatment effect model and regression discontinuity method. We examined if alternative air pollution information sources could moderate (ie, substitute or complement) the role of mainstream air pollution indicators. <strong>Results:</strong> Our results show that individuals exhibit a reduction of running exercise behaviors by about 0.50 km (or 7.5%; <i>P</i>&lt;.001) during instances of moderate to severe air pollution, and there is no evidence of reduced distances in instances of light air pollution. Furthermore, individuals’ exercise-aversion behaviors in response to mainstream air pollution information are heightened by different alternative information sources, such as social connections and social media user-generated content about air pollution. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our results highlight the complementary role of different alternative information sources of air pollution in inducing individuals’ aversion behaviors and the importance of using different information channels to increase public awareness beyond official air pollution alerts.","PeriodicalId":14756,"journal":{"name":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142185860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of the mHealth-Based Exercise Intervention re.flex for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Valerie Dieter, Pia Janssen, Inga Krauss","doi":"10.2196/54356","DOIUrl":"10.2196/54356","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Exercise therapy is recommended by international guidelines as a core treatment for patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, there is a significant gap between recommendations and practice in health care. Digital exercise apps are promising to help solve this undersupply.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a 12-week fully automated app-based exercise intervention with and without a supporting knee brace on health-related outcomes, performance measures, and adherence in patients with knee osteoarthritis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This closed user group trial included participants with moderate to severe unicondylar painful knee osteoarthritis. Randomization was 1:1:2 into an intervention group (IG) with 2 subgroups (app-based training [IG A] and app-based training and a supportive knee brace [IG AB]) and a control group (CG). The intervention included a 12-week home exercise program with 3 sessions per week. Instructions for the exercises were given via the app and monitored using 2 accelerometers placed below and above the affected knee joint. Participants in the CG did not receive any study intervention but were allowed to make use of usual care. Osteoarthritis-specific pain (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) was defined as the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes included all other Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales, general health-related quality of life (Veterans RAND 12-item Health Survey), psychological measures (eg, exercise self-efficacy), performance measures (strength and postural control), and the monitoring of adherence and safety. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Intervention effects were calculated using baseline-adjusted analysis of covariance for the joint comparison of IG A and IG AB versus the CG using a per-protocol approach. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each IG separately.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 61 participants were included (IG: n=30, 49%; CG: n=31, 51%; male: n=31, 51%; female: n=30, 49%; mean age 62.9, SD 8.5 years; mean BMI 27.7, SD 4.5 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). Analysis revealed statistically significant effects in favor of the IG for pain reduction (P&lt;.001; effect size [ES]=0.76), improvements in physical function (P&lt;.001; ES=0.64), improvements in symptoms (P=.01; ES=0.53), improvements in sport and recreation activities (P=.02; ES=0.47), improvements in knee-related quality of life (P&lt;.001; ES=0.76), and improvements in the physical component of general health-related quality of life (P&lt;.001; ES=0.74). Mean differences ranged from 6.0 to 13.2 points (scale range 0-100). ESs indicated small to medium effects. No effects were found for psychological and performance measures. Participants adhered to 92.5% (899/972) of all scheduled exercise sessions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Individuals with knee osteoarthritis undergoing a 12-week sensor-assisted app-","PeriodicalId":14756,"journal":{"name":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth","volume":"12 ","pages":"e54356"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11420596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Physical and Psychological Effects of Telerehabilitation-Based Exercise for Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Weihong Shi, Yuhang Zhang, Yanyan Bian, Lixia Chen, Wangshu Yuan, Houqiang Zhang, Qiyang Feng, Huiling Zhang, Diana Liu, Ye Lin","doi":"10.2196/56580","DOIUrl":"10.2196/56580","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Physical therapy has demonstrated efficacy in managing nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) among patients. Nevertheless, the prevalence of NLBP poses a challenge, as the existing medical infrastructure may be insufficient to care for the large patient population, particularly in geographically remote regions. Telerehabilitation emerges as a promising method to address this concern by offering a method to deliver superior medical care to a greater number of patients with NLBP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the physical and psychological effectiveness of a user-centered telerehabilitation program, consisting of a smartphone app and integrated sensors, for patients with NLBP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This was a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial for individuals with NLBP for a duration exceeding 3 months. All participants were assigned randomly to either the telerehabilitation-based exercise group (TBEG) or the outpatient-based exercise group (OBEG). All participants completed a 30-minute regimen of strength and stretching exercises 3 times per week, for a total of 8 weeks, and were required to complete assessment questionnaires at 0, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The TBEG completed home-based exercises and questionnaires using a telerehabilitation program, while the OBEG completed them in outpatient rehabilitation. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) served as the primary outcome measure, assessing physical disability. Secondary outcomes included the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In total, 54 of 129 eligible patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to the study. The completion of all the interventions and assessments in the TBEG and OBEG was 89% (24/27) and 81% (22/27). The findings indicate that no statistical significance was found in the difference of ODI scores between the TBEG and the OBEG at 2 weeks (mean difference -0.91; odds ratio [OR] 0.78, 95% CI -5.96 to 4.14; P=.72), 4 weeks (mean difference -3.80; OR 1.33, 95% CI -9.86 to -2.25; P=.21), and 8 weeks (mean difference -3.24; OR 0.92, 95% CI -8.65 to 2.17; P=.24). The improvement of the ODI in the TBEG (mean -16.42, SD 7.30) and OBEG (mean -13.18, SD 8.48) was higher than 10 after an 8-week intervention. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 groups at the 8-week mark regarding the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (mean difference 8.88; OR 1.04, 95% CI -2.29 to 20.06; P=.12) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (mean difference -0.39; OR 0.44, 95% CI -2.10 to 1.31; P=.64). In the subgroup analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in outcomes between the 2 groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Telerehabilitation interventions demonstrate comparable therapeutic efficacy for individuals with NLBP when compared to conventional outpatient-based","PeriodicalId":14756,"journal":{"name":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth","volume":"12 ","pages":"e56580"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Text Messaging Surveys in General Practice Research to Engage With People From Low-Income Groups: Multi-Methods Study.","authors":"Elizabeth Sturgiss, Jenny Advocat, Christopher Barton, Emma N Walker, Suzanne Nielsen, Annemarie Wright, Tina Lam, Nilakshi Gunatillaka, Symrin Oad, Christopher Wood","doi":"10.2196/55354","DOIUrl":"10.2196/55354","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;SMS text messages through mobile phones are a common means of interpersonal communication. SMS text message surveys are gaining traction in health care and research due to their feasibility and patient acceptability. However, challenges arise in implementing SMS text message surveys, especially when targeting marginalized populations, because of barriers to accessing phones and data as well as communication difficulties. In primary care, traditional surveys (paper-based and online) often face low response rates that are particularly pronounced among disadvantaged groups due to financial limitations, language barriers, and time constraints.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to investigate the potential of SMS text message-based patient recruitment and surveys within general practices situated in lower socioeconomic areas. This study was nested within the Reducing Alcohol-Harm in General Practice project that aimed to reduce alcohol-related harm through screening in Australian general practice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study follows a 2-step SMS text message data collection process. An initial SMS text message with an online survey link was sent to patients, followed by subsequent surveys every 3 months for consenting participants. Interviews were conducted with the local primary health network organization staff, the participating practice staff, and the clinicians. The qualitative data were analyzed using constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Out of 6 general practices, 4 were able to send SMS text messages to their patients. The initial SMS text message was sent to 8333 patients and 702 responses (8.2%) were received, most of which were not from a low-income group. This low initial response was in contrast to the improved response rate to the ongoing 3-month SMS text message surveys (55/107, 51.4% at 3 months; 29/67, 43.3% at 6 months; and 44/102, 43.1% at 9 months). We interviewed 4 general practitioners, 4 nurses, and 4 administrative staff from 5 of the different practices. Qualitative data uncovered barriers to engaging marginalized groups including limited smartphone access, limited financial capacity (telephone, internet, and Wi-Fi credit), language barriers, literacy issues, mental health conditions, and physical limitations such as manual dexterity and vision issues. Practice managers and clinicians suggested strategies to overcome these barriers, including using paper-based surveys in trusted spaces, offering assistance during survey completion, and offering honoraria to support participation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;While SMS text message surveys for primary care research may be useful for the broader population, additional efforts are required to ensure the representation and involvement of marginalized groups. More intensive methods such as in-person data collection may be more appropriate to capt","PeriodicalId":14756,"journal":{"name":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth","volume":"12 ","pages":"e55354"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11413543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability Issues of Mobile Nutrition Apps for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Comparative Study.","authors":"Dang Khanh Ngan Ho, Wan-Chun Chiu, Jing-Wen Kao, Hsiang-Tung Tseng, Cheng-Yu Lin, Pin-Hsiang Huang, Yu-Ren Fang, Kuei-Hung Chen, Ting-Ying Su, Chia-Hui Yang, Chih-Yuan Yao, Hsiu-Yueh Su, Pin-Hui Wei, Jung-Su Chang","doi":"10.2196/54509","DOIUrl":"10.2196/54509","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Controlling saturated fat and cholesterol intake is important for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Although the use of mobile diet-tracking apps has been increasing, the reliability of nutrition apps in tracking saturated fats and cholesterol across different nations remains underexplored.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to examine the reliability and consistency of nutrition apps focusing on saturated fat and cholesterol intake across different national contexts. The study focused on 3 key concerns: data omission, inconsistency (variability) of saturated fat and cholesterol values within an app, and the reliability of commercial apps across different national contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Nutrient data from 4 consumer-grade apps (COFIT, MyFitnessPal-Chinese, MyFitnessPal-English, and LoseIt!) and an academic app (Formosa FoodApp) were compared against 2 national reference databases (US Department of Agriculture [USDA]-Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies [FNDDS] and Taiwan Food Composition Database [FCD]). Percentages of missing nutrients were recorded, and coefficients of variation were used to compute data inconsistencies. One-way ANOVAs were used to examine differences among apps, and paired 2-tailed t tests were used to compare the apps to national reference data. The reliability across different national contexts was investigated by comparing the Chinese and English versions of MyFitnessPal with the USDA-FNDDS and Taiwan FCD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Across the 5 apps, 836 food codes from 42 items were analyzed. Four apps, including COFIT, MyFitnessPal-Chinese, MyFitnessPal-English, and LoseIt!, significantly underestimated saturated fats, with errors ranging from -13.8% to -40.3% (all P&lt;.05). All apps underestimated cholesterol, with errors ranging from -26.3% to -60.3% (all P&lt;.05). COFIT omitted 47% of saturated fat data, and MyFitnessPal-Chinese missed 62% of cholesterol data. The coefficients of variation of beef, chicken, and seafood ranged from 78% to 145%, from 74% to 112%, and from 97% to 124% across MyFitnessPal-Chinese, MyFitnessPal-English, and LoseIt!, respectively, indicating a high variability in saturated fats across different food groups. Similarly, cholesterol variability was consistently high in dairy (71%-118%) and prepackaged foods (84%-118%) across all selected apps. When examining the reliability of MyFitnessPal across different national contexts, errors in MyFitnessPal were consistent across different national FCDs (USDA-FNDSS and Taiwan FCD). Regardless of the FCDs used as a reference, these errors persisted to be statistically significant, indicating that the app's core database is the source of the problems rather than just mismatches or variances in external FCDs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The findings reveal substantial inaccuracies and inconsistencies in diet-tracking apps' reporting of saturated fats and choleste","PeriodicalId":14756,"journal":{"name":"JMIR mHealth and uHealth","volume":"12 ","pages":"e54509"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11391091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}