JMIR Research Protocols最新文献

{"title":"A Screening Model for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Household Contacts of Patients With Tuberculosis Based on the CyTB Test and an Android App: Protocol for a Development and Implementation Study.","authors":"Ramesh Kumar Huda, Deepika Yadav, Pooja Chaudhary, Jayvardhan Singh, Laxmikant Mandhana, Manoj Prajapati, Sumit Kalra, Mukti Khetan, Ramesh Kumar Sangwan, Pankaj Bhardwaj","doi":"10.2196/95534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/95534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains a major barrier to tuberculosis elimination, particularly in community settings where household contacts (HHCs) of patients with active tuberculosis are at increased risk of infection and progression to disease. Current tests for LTBI have practical limitations that restrict their use in field and primary care settings. Antigen-based skin testing, combined with digital tools for induration measurement, may improve the accuracy and delivery of HHC screening under routine program conditions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to develop and evaluate a screening model based on CyTB testing and the TBConnect Android app for LTBI among HHCs of patients with confirmed tuberculosis in Rajasthan, India. We will assess its feasibility and operational performance, the prevalence of LTBI among high-risk groups, and implementation outcomes in a routine program setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This protocol describes a community-based interventional implementation study with a mixed-methods design guided by a logic model and the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework, to be conducted over 24 months in the Balesar block, Jodhpur district, Rajasthan. All eligible HHCs of patients with confirmed tuberculosis identified during the study period will be included, with an estimated screening population of 2400 participants. The intervention combines CyTB-based screening with the TBConnect Android app for participant registration, workflow support, induration recording, follow-up, and reporting. Screening will be implemented through health facility-based, home-based, and camp-based pathways. App-assisted induration measurement will be compared with manual assessment in a subset of participants to evaluate agreement between the 2 methods. Primary outcomes will include screening coverage, LTBI positivity, concordance between app-assisted and manual readings, and feasibility of the 3 screening pathways. Secondary outcomes will include health care worker proficiency, app usability, data completeness, operational efficiency, participant acceptability, and documentation of referral advice among participants with positive CyTB screening results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee of ICMR-NIIRNCD (Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, on August 7, 2025. Recruitment and CyTB screening began in December 2025 and are scheduled to continue until December 2026. Data cleaning and analysis are planned for after field data collection, and the main findings are expected to be submitted for publication in May 2027.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This protocol describes the implementation and evaluation of a digitally supported CyTB-based LTBI screening model for HHCs of co","PeriodicalId":14755,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Research Protocols","volume":"15 ","pages":"e95534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Guidelines for Hospital Adoption of Wearable Telemonitoring Systems in Chronic Disease Management: Protocol for a Multiphase Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Janatarum Srihandono, Winny Setyonugroho, Adi Utarini","doi":"10.2196/89603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/89603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The integration of wearable device-based telemonitoring into hospital systems presents a transformative opportunity for chronic disease management, particularly in settings such as Indonesia facing a high burden of noncommunicable diseases. However, widespread adoption is hindered by multifaceted operational barriers, including workflow integration, data management, and unclear adoption pathways, highlighting a critical need for structured, evidence-based guidance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study protocol aims to develop a role-specific adoption guideline for integrating wearable telemonitoring systems into routine workflow in Indonesian hospitals for chronic disease management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory sequential mixed methods design is employed across 3 phases. Phase 1 involves a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature to synthesize evidence on wearable technology adoption to populate the Domain-by-Actor matrix. Phase 2 comprises qualitative semistructured interviews with 32 to 44 key stakeholders (administrators, IT staff, and clinicians) from 4 purposively selected hospitals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, to explore contextual barriers and facilitators. Phase 3 uses a modified nominal group technique with a panel of 12 experts to build consensus and finalize the guideline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As of December 13, 2025, this study is in progress. Ethical approval has been obtained. The critical interpretive synthesis (phase 1) is completed, yielding preliminary thematic data on adoption factors. Data collection for the qualitative interviews (phase 2) has commenced, with interviews conducted at 1 hospital and administrative permissions secured for 2 sites. Recruitment and data collection are ongoing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This protocol offers a systematic methodology to bridge the gap between digital health pilot studies and routine use in clinical operations. By mapping complex adoption factors onto an anticipated Domain-by-Actor matrix, the proposed study has the potential to guide sustainable, role-specific wearable telemonitoring integration across diverse hospital structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14755,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Research Protocols","volume":"15 ","pages":"e89603"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13690334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149244845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situational Analysis of Cancer Care Services in India: Protocol for a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Health Systems Study.","authors":"Anita Nath, Abhishek David George, Sudarshan K L, Krishnan Sathishkumar, Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy, Bency Joseph, Gokul Sarveswaran, Prashant Mathur","doi":"10.2196/99765","DOIUrl":"10.2196/99765","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cancer is a significant public health challenge in India, contributing to 8.3% of deaths and 5.0% of disability-adjusted life years in 2016-nearly twice its contribution in 1990. Fragmented service delivery, limited specialist availability, late presentation, and significant financial hardship continue to hinder access to timely and effective cancer care, particularly in rural and underserved regions. A comprehensive, system-level assessment is essential to inform evidence-based planning and strengthen cancer services nationwide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to assess the availability, readiness, accessibility, and quality of cancer care services across primary, secondary, and tertiary health care facilities in India. Specifically, it will evaluate infrastructure, human resources, diagnostic and treatment capacity, referral pathways, and service delivery across the 6 Institute of Medicine quality domains (equitable, effective, patient-centered, safe, efficient, and timely); compare rural-urban and public-private disparities; and use these findings to develop an evidence-informed framework for strengthening cancer care services and informing national policy and program planning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A 3-year cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted across 31 states and union territories using proportionate district sampling based on rural-urban population distribution. Nodal hospitals coordinated data collection from primary, secondary, and tertiary health care facilities. Facility-level data were collected using 3 standardized electronic forms-developed separately for primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of care-covering infrastructure, workforce, diagnostic and treatment services, referral systems, and service. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize service availability and readiness, and chi-square tests to compare rural-urban, public-private, and facility-level differences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The study received funding in October 2023. Facility-level data collection took place between July 2024 and March 2026. We enrolled 6896 health facilities (4353 primary, 1979 secondary, and 564 tertiary) from 352 districts across 31 states and union territories, with participation rates of 64.6% (4353/6735) for primary health centers, 75.7% (1979/2612) for secondary-level facilities, and 63.9% (564/902) for tertiary hospitals. Data cleaning and quality checks are complete, and analysis is complete but unpublished; we will report results on service availability, readiness, and regional variation separately.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This nationwide assessment is expected to provide one of the most comprehensive evaluations of cancer care preparedness undertaken in India. Findings are anticipated to inform national policy and program planning, including investment priorities under the NP-NCD, Ayushman Bharat, and related initiatives to support progress","PeriodicalId":14755,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Research Protocols","volume":"15 ","pages":"e99765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Novel Real-Time Computer-Assisted Colonoscopy Diagnostic Tool for Colorectal Neoplasia and Cancer to Enable Personalized Patient Management: Protocol for a Multicenter Proof-of-Concept Study.","authors":"Olaolu Olabintan, Angelo Brunori, Natalie Halvorsen, Nils Andersen, Verónica G Zubiaurre, Mehrnaz Mirzaei, Ina Dam Pedersen, Alessandro D'Aprano, Johnathan Sun, Ahmed Ghazwan Waraich, Omer Ahmad, Nastazja Pilonis, Michal Kaminski, Francisco Lamosa, Rune Erichsen, Johannes Blom, Thomas Rosch, Maria Pellise, Ignasi Puig, Cesare Hassan, Kensaku Mori, Yuichi Mori, Massashi Misawa, Shraddha Gulati","doi":"10.2196/77277","DOIUrl":"10.2196/77277","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Accurate real-time classification of colorectal polyps during colonoscopy is essential for risk stratification, therapeutic decision-making, and surveillance planning, with important implications for colorectal cancer prevention, health care costs, and patient burden. Despite advances in optical diagnosis techniques, including virtual chromoendoscopy and magnification, widespread adoption remains limited because of high operator dependency and variable diagnostic accuracy. Existing computer-assisted diagnosis (CADx) systems predominantly provide binary classification of colorectal lesions, thereby constraining their clinical utility for nuanced endoscopic decision-making.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to develop and validate a real-time, multiclass AI-based CADx system capable of classifying colorectal lesions into 5 categories: nonneoplastic lesions, low-grade adenomas, high-grade adenomas, sessile serrated lesions (SSL), and invasive colorectal cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This multicenter international study consists of 2 phases: model development and proof-of-concept validation. During the model development phase, a large, diverse dataset of &gt;17,000 deidentified endoscopic images and video frames will be prospectively collected from 8 European centers and 1 Japanese center, capturing a broad spectrum of lesion types and patient demographics. A semisupervised learning framework using contrastive representation learning (SimCLR [simple framework for contrastive learning of visual representations]) will be used to leverage both labeled and unlabeled data, enhancing feature extraction and classification performance. Expert consensus annotation will be used for labeled data. Lesion localization will be supported by an integrated computer-assisted detection (CADe) module, while model interpretability will be facilitated through gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). Proof-of-concept validation will be conducted using 250 previously unseen lesion images that will be independently assessed by expert endoscopists. The primary outcome is multiclass diagnostic accuracy, with a predefined target accuracy threshold of 85%, alongside sensitivity and specificity for invasive cancer detection. Secondary outcomes include interobserver agreement, performance across demographic and lesion subgroups, and a qualitative analysis of misclassification patterns. All data will be securely managed within a REDCap database, with strict deidentification protocols and plans to generate an open-access research resource.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Ethics approval has been obtained at all participating centres. Data transfer agreements have been executed by the majority of collaborating sites, with de-identified polyp images and videos currently being uploaded to a secure central database.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to deliver a clinically applicable, real-time multic","PeriodicalId":14755,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Research Protocols","volume":"15 ","pages":"e77277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Student Engagement With AI in Undergraduate Lectures: Protocol for an Implementation Study.","authors":"Mthobisi Luca Ntuli, Nomakhosi Mpofana, Michael Paulse, Godfrey Nkululeko Mazibuko, Shamanie Govender","doi":"10.2196/92990","DOIUrl":"10.2196/92990","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;AI has quickly become integrated into higher education, transforming how students access information, complete academic tasks, and engage with learning. Universities of technology, with their focus on applied learning, technological skills, and graduate employability, face both challenges and opportunities in incorporating AI in ways that improve learning without sacrificing conceptual understanding, critical thinking, or academic integrity. While current research highlights widespread student use of AI tools, there remains limited empirical evidence on how undergraduate students in applied and health-related fields interact with AI, perceive its educational impact, and manage risks associated with overreliance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The study aims to examine undergraduate students' AI use patterns, their perceptions of how AI affects conceptual understanding and critical thinking, and their views on risks such as dependency and ethical issues within a university of technology setting. An additional goal is to investigate students' experiences with AI literacy programs and gather evidence to support responsible, educationally grounded AI integration that aligns with institutional strategies and graduate attributes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The study adopts a convergent mixed methods, cross-sectional, exploratory-descriptive design. Quantitative data will be collected using a structured questionnaire administered to undergraduate students across the mathematics, somatology, and Bachelor of Health Sciences (biomedical and clinical technology) programs within the Faculties of Applied Sciences and Health Sciences at Durban University of Technology. Qualitative data will be generated through semistructured interviews. Quantitative data will be analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, whereas qualitative data will be analyzed thematically using the method by Tesch. Integration of findings will occur at the interpretation stage to enable triangulation and comprehensive insight. Integration will follow the joint display approach described by Guetterman et al. Quantitative and qualitative results for each objective will be displayed side by side in matrices that compare statistical patterns with thematic insights. Convergence, complementarity, or discordance will be explicitly noted. Meta-inferences will be generated through team deliberation using an integration codebook. A triangulation protocol will document how discrepancies are resolved (eg, prioritizing qualitative depth for mechanism explanation and quantitative breadth for prevalence estimation).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A pilot study conducted within the mathematics department identified emerging patterns of AI dependence among students, helping refine research tools and focus interventions. This study was funded by the Department of Higher Education and Training on January 1, 2025, and was conducted between August 2","PeriodicalId":14755,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Research Protocols","volume":"15 ","pages":"e92990"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multifaceted Intervention to Reduce Obesity Among Preschool Children in Suzhou City: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Pan Yang, Ying Wang, Xiao Jiang, Ziyao Ding, Liye Zhang, Xinyu Bao, Di Han, Hui Shen, Jia Hu, Jieyun Yin","doi":"10.2196/94697","DOIUrl":"10.2196/94697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rising prevalence of obesity among preschool children has become a critical public health concern in Suzhou, China. Nevertheless, evidence-based, personalized, and multicomponent intervention strategies tailored to children with overweight or obesity remain inadequately established in current practice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the prevalence and pathogenic factors of obesity among preschool children in Suzhou and to develop a comprehensive and multifaceted integrated intervention program. Through systematic assessment of its short-term effectiveness and long-term sustainability in improving obesity-related indicators and preventing overweight, it provides a scientific basis for obesity prevention and control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cluster randomized controlled trial is being conducted among children aged 3 to 6 years in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Children from 3 kindergartens were randomly assigned to the intervention group and children from 3 other kindergartens were assigned to the control group. The 1-year intervention includes health education, dietary guidance, and increased physical activity, adopting a multilevel approach that engages children, families, schools, communities, and society. Children participate in health education and physical activity courses in the kindergarten, while parents receive educational materials online. Parental education and regular assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices are key components of the family-based intervention. Body measurements will be taken at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and thereafter, alongside questionnaires for both parents and children to evaluate their own health behaviors. The primary outcome will be the difference in BMI, BMI <i>z</i> scores, and body fat percentage between the 2 groups of children at the end of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study received ethical approval in March 2025. Baseline assessments were conducted from March to June 2025, followed by the initiation of the intervention, which will be completed by June 2026. Participants will then enter a noninterventional long-term follow-up until June 2032, with annual surveys conducted during this period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This program will test the effectiveness of comprehensive multifaceted interventions on children. The results of this study will provide scientific evidence for formulating effective intervention strategies for childhood overweight and obesity and are also expected to offer crucial practical references for the formulation and improvement of treatment guidelines for childhood obesity in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":14755,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Research Protocols","volume":"15 ","pages":"e94697"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine Learning-Guided Lyric Analysis Peer Support Intervention (LAPSI) for Psychological Distress in South African Women: Protocol for an Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Lucas Banda, Mathildah Mokgatle, Olanrewaju Oladimeji","doi":"10.2196/90426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2196/90426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychological distress disproportionately affects women in South Africa and is shaped by complex structural, socioeconomic, and psychosocial determinants, particularly within the context of HIV. Despite policy commitments to integrate mental health services into existing health systems, current interventions are limited in their capacity to address these intersecting determinants and are frequently insufficiently targeted, contextually responsive, or inclusive. Data-driven strategies that identify subgroup-specific vulnerabilities may improve the design of contextually relevant and culturally grounded psychosocial interventions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study seeks to develop and implement a machine learning (ML)-informed lyric analysis peer support intervention (LAPSI) and to evaluate its preliminary impact, feasibility, and acceptability among South African women living with or at heightened risk of HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory sequential mixed methods design is used across five phases: (1) a scoping review of mental health interventions in sub-Saharan Africa; (2) ML-based risk profiling using national survey data with Shapley additive explanations (SHAP)-based interpretability; (3) intervention development and implementation; (4) a single-arm pre-post quantitative assessment of psychological distress using the Kessler 10-Item Psychological Distress Scale (K10), without a comparison group; and (5) qualitative evaluation of feasibility, usability, and acceptability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Secondary data analyses were conducted between October 2024 and April 2025. LAPSI was implemented between May and August 2025 in 2 provinces. Outcome assessments were completed in August 2025 (Eastern Cape) and September 2025 (Gauteng), and qualitative interviews were conducted 5 to 7 days after the intervention. A total of 30 participants were recruited and completed the intervention. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were ongoing at the time of manuscript submission, with full findings anticipated to be reported in 2026 and 2027.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This protocol describes a potentially scalable framework for integrating explainable ML with culturally grounded, peer-delivered intervention design to address psychological distress among women in HIV-affected settings.</p><p><strong>International registered report identifier (irrid): </strong>DERR1-10.2196/90426.</p>","PeriodicalId":14755,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Research Protocols","volume":"15 ","pages":"e90426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Psychosocial Aspects as Risk Factors for Long-Term Illnesses in General Practice: Protocol for a Scoping Review.","authors":"Kathrin Epple, Julia Nothacker, Lisa Richter, Christin Löffler, Ralf Jendyk, Andreas Dierich","doi":"10.2196/102585","DOIUrl":"10.2196/102585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychosocial risk factors increase the risk of long-term illnesses and prolonged return-to-work processes, with serious consequences for individuals as well as society. In general practice, psychosocial risk factors are captured comprehensively because general practitioners usually care for patients for years and know the patients' entire social environment. Numerous studies have been conducted on aspects of psychosocial risk factors. However, a comprehensive, unrestricted summary of psychosocial risk factors is currently lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present review aims to address this gap by providing an overview of psychosocial risk factors with relevance for Western and Western-oriented countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the methodology outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute <i>Manual for Evidence Synthesis</i> in a 3-stage search strategy. Searched databases were MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science. Each reference will be screened by 2 reviewers independently. The findings will be reported according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A literature search conducted on September 8, 2025, resulted in 8515 articles after deduplication. Title and abstract screening started on September 10, 2025. It is estimated that screening will be completed in April 2026, followed by 2 to 3 months to complete data extraction and 1 to 2 months to draft the manuscript. The goal is to submit the scoping review manuscript in September 2026. We expect to identify various psychosocial aspects affecting long-term illnesses and return-to-work processes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychosocial risk factors play an important role in the development of long-term illnesses and prolonged return-to-work processes as they are often not communicated by patients but may influence the severity, duration, and progression of long-term illnesses. Evidence-based knowledge about comprehensive psychosocial risk factors will increase awareness of psychosocial aspects among physicians treating patients with long-term illnesses. This will help identify multidisciplinary prevention strategies for patients with long-term illnesses and relieve return-to-work processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14755,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Research Protocols","volume":"15 ","pages":"e102585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School-Family Linked and Online-Offline Combined Tobacco Control Intervention for Adolescents: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Pilot Trial.","authors":"Wanqi Liu, Qi Su, Yuan Cao, Fengyi Huang, Chuning Luo, Xinying Zeng, Ying Liu, Gang Yang, Jinsa Zhou, Meifeng Zhang, Fen Liu, Shiwei Liu","doi":"10.2196/86503","DOIUrl":"10.2196/86503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tobacco use remains a leading preventable cause of disease, yet adolescent-focused tobacco prevention is underexploited. We developed a real-time adaptive intervention that combines school-family collaboration with online-offline delivery (via WeChat mini-programs, games, and curricula) to address adolescents' overlooked role as health catalysts and persistent household secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of this school-family linked and online-offline combined tobacco control intervention in improving adolescents' tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, reducing student smoking prevalence and household SHS exposure, and assessing implementation process indicators (fidelity, participation, and satisfaction) to inform future scale-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a cluster randomized pilot trial guided by the PRISM (Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model) framework. We recruited approximately 1280 seventh-grade students (aged 12-13 years) from 9 secondary schools across 3 districts of Beijing (urban, peri-urban, and suburban). Classes were the unit of randomization, allocated 1:1:1:1 to a control group (standard education) and 3 intervention arms (online only, offline only, and combined online-offline). The 7-component intervention (lectures, pamphlets, microvideos, peer games, knowledge competitions, online quizzes, and a digital mini-game) was delivered through a school-family digital platform. The coprimary outcomes are changes in tobacco-related knowledge and attitudes, along with implementation process indicators (fidelity, participation, and satisfaction) and feasibility; and the secondary outcomes are tobacco-related behaviors (smoking prevalence and quit attempts) and household SHS exposure. A mixed methods evaluation based on PRISM assessed recipient, provider, and health system levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline data collection was completed in November 2024. Data analysis began in late 2025, with final results expected in 2026. The findings will determine whether the intervention improves adolescents' tobacco knowledge and attitudes, reduces smoking and household SHS exposure, and provides insights into implementation fidelity and satisfaction across delivery modes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot trial will establish the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the intervention. If successful, it may mobilize school-family partnerships using widely available digital platforms to support sustained tobacco control among adolescents and reduce household SHS exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":14755,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Research Protocols","volume":"15 ","pages":"e86503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13686337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149238328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Reality Therapy Assistants for Adjunctive Cue Exposure Training in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder (VITAACue-AUD): Protocol for a Technical Feasibility Study.","authors":"Kornelius I Kammler-Sücker, Carolin Heizmann, Katharina Eidenmueller, Leon Werner, Thomas Prexl, Frank Rust, Rolf-Dieter Schiermeyer, Melissa R M Mohr, Philipp Kellmeyer, Bernd Lenz","doi":"10.2196/99080","DOIUrl":"10.2196/99080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a substantial individual and societal burden. Cue exposure approaches can support treatment by targeting conditioned cue reactivity and high-risk contextual associations. However, routine implementation is limited by therapist time, scalability constraints, and the difficulty of reproducing ecologically valid drinking situations in standard care settings. Virtual reality (VR) and AI have been proposed as promising tools to support scalable and contextually rich interventions in mental health care.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to develop and technically evaluate a prototype virtual reality-based therapy assistant (VRTA) for narratively guided alcohol cue exposure in immersive VR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-site technical feasibility study conducted at the Central Institute of Mental Health in Mannheim, Germany. It builds on a participatory development process, including multistakeholder workshops with developers, researchers, clinicians, and patient and public involvement contributors. The study began with workshops to refine implementation priorities. A VRTA prototype will be developed to guide alcohol cue exposure scenarios through speech-based interaction with a computer-generated character in immersive VR, informed by established exposure manuals (development ongoing, currently with a text-based chatbot prototype and a separate VR environment). An iterative qualitative expert appraisal will be conducted during development (ongoing). In addition, 20 adult patients with AUD will participate in an observer-based evaluation in which therapeutic staff demonstrate the prototype and patients provide qualitative feedback.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results are expected on the technical feasibility of the VRTA prototype, including interaction quality and integration into therapeutic workflows. Qualitative findings from expert appraisal and patient feedback (observed from a third-person perspective) will provide insights into usability, manual conformity, acceptability, and perceived therapeutic relevance (audio transcript coding and qualitative evaluation are ongoing). Funding for this study has been approved by the Hetzler Foundation from November 2025 to October 2027. Initial workshops were conducted in January 2026 and May 2026. Prototype testing by expert participants with patient observers is planned to start in November 2026 and continue until April 2027.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study is intended to generate design specifications and feasibility data to inform subsequent prototype refinement and future clinical evaluation studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14755,"journal":{"name":"JMIR Research Protocols","volume":"15 ","pages":"e99080"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13683987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}