Santo Tomás H, Barreto M, Vazquez B, Villoria P, Teixeira R, Solé M
{"title":"Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex: Prevalence of the Main Respiratory Viruses Involved in Pneumonia in Spain","authors":"Santo Tomás H, Barreto M, Vazquez B, Villoria P, Teixeira R, Solé M","doi":"10.16966/2576-6457.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2576-6457.163","url":null,"abstract":"The most common cause of disease among cattle is Bovine Respiratory Disease, and its control has a great impact on the profitability of cattle farms. It is a multifactorial and polymicrobial complex, involving both bacteria and viruses. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of the most relevant bovine respiratory viruses (bovine viral diarrhoea, bovine herpesvirus type 1, and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses) due to their clinical relevance, and also their course over time to facilitate decision-making when designing vaccination programmes based on scientific evidence. Samples from animals with early symptoms of respiratory disease were taken using the BOVIRESPCHECK kit, enabling nasal swabs to be taken from four different animals within the same farm. The samples were analysed separately for each animal (not pooled) for the detection of the three viruses by real time polymerase chain reaction. Between 2016 and 2020, a total of 964 reports were created, from a total of 661 cattle farms distributed all over Spain. Each report corresponds to a farm that had an outbreak or respiratory problem at the time. The most frequently detected virus was bovine respiratory syncytial virus, present in 31.5% of the reports, followed by bovine viral diarrhoea virus detected in 23.94% of them. Both viruses were found in combination in 15.96% of cases, showing a significant positive correlation between them. The bovine herpesvirus type 1 was detected in 17.2% of reports; however, the prevalence reached a peak at 28.11% in 2020 with the restriction in use of multivalent (non-marker) vaccines in the country. These results underline the significance of implementing complete vaccination programmes that cover all the most important respiratory viruses. Vaccination against bovine respiratory syncytial and bovine viral diarrhoea viruses seems to be justifiable not only because of the high incidence of both pathogens, but also because of the positive correlation between them. The use of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis monovalent marker vaccines should be added to the above-mentioned vaccines, as their exclusion could be partly responsible for the increased incidence of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 and its associated pathology in 2020. There is a need for a multivalent vaccine including the most relevant viruses with an IBR-marker component to control BRD.","PeriodicalId":147546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Research","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126076129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pre-Treatment with Turmeric (C. Xanthorrhiza) Reduces the Severity of Squamous Gastric Ulceration in Feed Restricted Horses","authors":"Fletcher Sps, Gough Sl","doi":"10.16966/2576-6457.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2576-6457.125","url":null,"abstract":"Domestic horses commonly suffer from gastric ulcers, with potential adverse health, welfare and performance effects. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of orally administered turmeric for prevention of gastric ulceration in horses during stable confinement and dietary manipulation. Ten horses were used in a 16-day randomized, placebo-controlled and blinded two-period cross-over study. All horses received a base diet with the treatment group also receiving 20g turmeric powder in the feed once daily. Gastric ulcer scores were determined via gastroscopy on Day 0, after nine days in a stable (Day 9) and after seven days of feed-fasting (Day 16). After a washout period of 10 weeks, treatment groups were reversed. Squamous ulcer scores increased during confinement and feed restriction in control horses (P<0.001), but not in turmeric treated horses (P=0.247), and squamous ulceration was more severe on Day 16 in control horses (P=0.037). Changes in glandular mucosa were less obvious in treated and control horses. These results suggest that oral supplementation of turmeric (C. xanthorrhiza) may be effective in reducing the severity of squamous ulceration in horses.","PeriodicalId":147546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Research","volume":"320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115836218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mallma Ddh, Yana Fwg, Durand Mgp, Vásquez Bd, Mackie Hwv
{"title":"Comparison of Two In vitro Maturation Media in Their Efficiency for Production of Competent Alpaca Oocytes","authors":"Mallma Ddh, Yana Fwg, Durand Mgp, Vásquez Bd, Mackie Hwv","doi":"10.16966/2576-6457.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2576-6457.155","url":null,"abstract":"Oocyte maturation is the most critical process in in vitro culture, since the oocyte acquires competence for future processes, which involve the resumption of meiosis, epigenetic regulation, polyspermy block, activation of the zygote, exchange of protamines to histones, cleavage, cell polarization, embryonic stem cell proliferation, and implantation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two different in vitro maturation media in the production of competent alpaca oocytes matured in vitro. The competency evaluated by morphometry and cytoplasmic and nuclear staining techniques. Alpaca ovaries (n=44) were sourced from slaughterhouse, transported to laboratory in thermoses with saline solution at 33-36ºC and subjected to follicular aspiration and/or dissection. A total of 212 oocytes were obtained. The oocytes were selected, randomized and distributed in one of the two experimental groups: Maturation medium 1 (MM1) and Maturation medium 2 (MM2) with three replicates per experiment. In vitro maturation was carried out in a portable incubator for 40h under 5% CO2 conditions (produced by effervescent granules) and 38.5ºC (by thermostatic bath). Nuclear maturation was assessed using acetate-orcein staining, cytoplasmic maturation using Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) staining and morphometry using ImageJ Software. Nuclear maturation was classified according to the meiotic stage. Cytoplasmic maturation was classified by the presence (BCB+) or absence (BCB-) of BCB staining. Morphometry evaluated the measurements of the diameter and thickness of the zona pellucida and perivitelline space of the oocyte. Nuclear maturation rate was evaluated in Metaphase, observing no significant differences (P=0.088) between MM1 (46.08 ± 5.90 %) and MM2 (54.65 ± 3.00%) in this parameter. The cytoplasmic maturation rate of MM1 (67.78 ± 4.50%) was significantly lower compared to MM2 (77.61 ± 3.58) % (P=0.014). For the diameter of the oocyte, MM1 (133.42 ± 14.56 μm) and MM2 (136.14 ± 15.2 μm) were no different (P=0.397), same for the thickness of the zona pellucida, MM1 (16.84 ± 3.96 μm) and MM2 (16.73 ± 4.98 μm) were no different (P=0.919). For the perivitelline space area, MM1 (11018.91 ± 2465.40 μm2 ) and MM2 (8686.18 ± 3016.88 μm2 ) were significantly different (P=0.0005). In conclusion, the present study shows that the MM2 medium results are better in cytoplasmic maturation and the area of the perivitelline space. The other parameters (nuclear maturation, diameter of the oocyte and thickness of the zona pellucida) were no different between the two maturation media evaluated.","PeriodicalId":147546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132518911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Dikmen, Davila Kms, E. Rodriquez, Scheffler Tl, Oltenacu Pa, Mateescu Rg
{"title":"Comparison of Tympanic and Tail Temperatures in Angus and Brahman Steers","authors":"S. Dikmen, Davila Kms, E. Rodriquez, Scheffler Tl, Oltenacu Pa, Mateescu Rg","doi":"10.16966/2576-6457.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2576-6457.147","url":null,"abstract":"In cattle, core body temperature can be used as an important indicator of heat stress level. However, accurately recording core body temperature can be difficult and labor intensive. The objectives of the current study were 1) to compare the recorded tympanic and tail body temperature measurements in steers and 2) to determine the body temperature change of Angus and Brahman steers in a hot and humid environment. Data was analyzed using a repeated measure model where repeated measures were hourly tympanic and tail temperatures and their difference for individual steers during the day of the experiment. There was a significant breed effect (P=0.01), hour (P<0.0001) and breed by hour interaction (P<0.0001) for the tympanic temperature. Brahman steers, which are known to have superior thermotolerance, maintained a lower body temperature than the Angus steers during the afternoon under grazing conditions. In the Brahman steers there was only a minimal increase in the body temperature throughout the day, an evidence of the thermotolerance ability of the breed. In the Angus steers, which experienced an increase in their body temperature from hour to hour with a peak around 1600 hour; there was a significant difference between the tympanic and tail temperature during the times when the body temperature as measured by the tympanic recordings was the highest (1300 to 1700 hour). Our results indicate that the tympanic temperature can be used to accurately and continuously monitor core body temperature in a natural environment for up to several days and without disturbing the animal.","PeriodicalId":147546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126598908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultrasound Images Associated with Snakebites in a Japanese Black Calf","authors":"Y. Morita, S Sugiyma, T. Tsuka","doi":"10.16966/2576-6457.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2576-6457.127","url":null,"abstract":"1Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan 2Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan 3Maniwa Veterinary Clinic, Okayama P.F.A.M.A.A, 794-1 egawa, Maniwa-city, Okayama, Japan 4Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, KoyamaMinami, Tottori-city, Tottori, Japan","PeriodicalId":147546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131295961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flores Kr, Gernat Aa, Fahrenholz A, D. Je, Hosotani G, Grimes Jl
{"title":"Effects of Glucomannan Feed Additives on Large White Turkey Female Performance, Gastrointestinal Microbial Population, and Blood Corticosterone Levels in a Simulated Transport Challenge","authors":"Flores Kr, Gernat Aa, Fahrenholz A, D. Je, Hosotani G, Grimes Jl","doi":"10.16966/2576-6457.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2576-6457.158","url":null,"abstract":"Turkeys may experience stress due to conditions of transport, heat, and in some cases, feed and water restrictions. This may include experiencing conditions present when female turkeys are transported from the brooder house to the grow-out house, typically at 4 to 5 wk of age. This study’s objective was to determine the effect of glucomannan feed additives on performance and corticosterone response in Large White commercial females after an application of simulated conditions which birds might experience during transportation at 4 to 5 wk of age. The transport simulation consisted of reducing the space per bird from 0.198 m2 /bird to 0.028m2 /bird, with no food and water, and exposed to heat lamps, for no more than 18 h. Fourteen hundred and forty Large White female turkeys were randomly assigned to 48 concrete, pine shavings covered floor pens. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with a one-factor arrangement of 2 sources of glucomannans (medium-chain and long-chain) with two inclusion levels of each (0.02 and 0.20% of the diet). These treatments were compared to two control treatments (no glucomannans), however, one with no simulated transport conditions and one exposed to simulated transport conditions. Bird’s performance, bursa, spleen, and blood corticosterone levels were analyzed in SAS 9.4 in a mixed model. No effects on growth performance of birds fed 0.02% glucomannans were observed. Birds fed glucomannans at 0.20% in the diet had a higher corticosterone level after the transport simulation was applied when compared to other treatments. However, birds fed medium-chain glucomannans at 0.20% had an improved performance after the transport simulation compared to birds fed the other glucomannan treatments. All birds recuperated their performance by d 45. No differences were found in the spleen and bursa weights at 45 d of age. Both glucomannans reduced the stress impact on intestinal bacteria by controlling the overgrowth of Lactobacillus and Fusobacteria while maintaining Bacteroidetes. In conclusion, glucomannans can be used in diets with no change in performance or health at 45 d of age while preserving intestinal microbiota from the negative effects of stress. At 45d, all birds recuperated from the simulated transport conditions applied at 29 d. Thus, the effects of glucomannans on turkey performance and health should be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":147546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114146467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernandes Mc, Rahal Sc, Teixeira Cr, Mamprim Mj, Freirias Cd, Lima Hc, Daisy Jp, M. A.
{"title":"Retrospective Study of Fractures in both Appendicular and Axial Skeletons of Birds Belonging to the Families Falconidae and Cariamidae","authors":"Fernandes Mc, Rahal Sc, Teixeira Cr, Mamprim Mj, Freirias Cd, Lima Hc, Daisy Jp, M. A.","doi":"10.16966/2576-6457.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2576-6457.156","url":null,"abstract":"This retrospective study aimed to identify and classify fractures in the appendicular and axial skeletons of birds from the Cariamidae and Falconidae families presented to a referral centre. Twelve of thirteen adult red-legged seriemas (Cariama cristata) had appendicular skeleton fractures and one an axial skeleton fracture. All appendicular skeleton fractures occurred in pelvic limbs, but one bird also had a thoracic limb fracture. Among the long-bone fractures, ten were of the tibiotarsus. Among these fractures, six were comminuted, two transverse and two spiral. One seriema had an ulnar spiral fracture, and two had exposed fractures of the tibiotarsus. The Falconidae included nine Carcara plancus, five Falco sparverius and two Falco femoralis. Appendicular skeleton fractures were detected in 14 Falconidae, axial skeleton fractures in one,and another bird had fractures in both skeletons. Three fractures occurred in pelvic limbs, and the other was thoracic limb fractures. Out of all the long-bone fractures, eight were found in the humerus, three of which were exposed, two comminuted, two spiral, and one oblique. Four ulna fractures were found; two of them were comminuted, one spiral and transverse. There were two comminuted radius fractures. Tibiotarsus fractures included two transversal and one comminuted fracture. In conclusion, in both families the highest prevalence of fractures was in the appendicular skeleton; however, the fractures in Cariamidae occurred mainly in the pelvic limbs, whereas the fractures in Faconidae were found more frequently in the thoracic limbs.","PeriodicalId":147546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Research","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121717143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. Jones, C. H. Fahrenholz, Stark Cr
{"title":"The Effect of Different Percent Liquid Addition and Wet Mix Time with Different Liquid Mix Cycle Time Setting on Uniformity of Mix","authors":"M. Saensukjaroenphon, C. Jones, C. H. Fahrenholz, Stark Cr","doi":"10.16966/2576-6457.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2576-6457.129","url":null,"abstract":"liquid addition systems are designed to add liquid ingredients in the shortest time possible in order to increase the batching capacity of the mixing process. However, there is no data to determine which type of automated control systems produces a uniform mix of liquid to dry feed. Saensukjaroenphon, et al. [2] suggested there must be a minimum wet mix time after all liquids have been added to the mixer. Therefore, increasing the liquid addition time by adding more liquids in the mixer would decrease the wet mix time after liquid addition for the fixed total liquid mix time system. The objective of the experiments was to determine the effect of percent liquid addition, wet mix time and liquid mix cycle time setting on the uniformity of mix.","PeriodicalId":147546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116000135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Should Disabled People Attend Livestock Activities? Disable People, Instructors and Employer Perspective","authors":"O. M","doi":"10.16966/2576-6457.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2576-6457.157","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to examine the positive/negative effects of both disabled people and livestock enterprises with the participation of disabled people in livestock farm activities with survey researches. The current situation and problems on disabled individuals, trainers and livestock farm owners related to the employment of disabled individuals in livestock farm activities have been revealed, the necessity of providing the necessary training and state incentives for the disabled individuals to enter business life has come to the fore. It has been foreseen that it is necessary by both the livestock farm owners and it has been concluded that those responsible for this area should carry out studies. As a result, when the answers are evaluated, it can be said that disabled individuals want to take responsibility for the care and feeding of animals and they are positively affected when spending time with animals. Additionally, participants in the research believe that disabled people can be included in business life if given the opportunity, when they receive vocational training on a correct and sectoral basis.","PeriodicalId":147546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116083083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nunez Ac, Villagomez Mal, Sanchez Cem, Ronquillo Mrr, Velasquez Aeb, Solis Fmm, R. Son
{"title":"Sustainable Development of Surplus By-Products of the Agri-Food Chain with the Purpose of Reducing Environmental Damage","authors":"Nunez Ac, Villagomez Mal, Sanchez Cem, Ronquillo Mrr, Velasquez Aeb, Solis Fmm, R. Son","doi":"10.16966/2576-6457.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16966/2576-6457.152","url":null,"abstract":"The global food industry annually generates millions of tons of by-products derived from the processing and manufacturing of citrus fruits. Only a small part is used to obtain new products and the rest is considered as waste, with the consequent negative impact on the environment. The purpose of this research work is to use the products extracted from citrus fruits of orange, grapefruit, tangerine and lemon, being used in the diet of ruminants as a source of energy, supplement or alternative in the face of a shortage of forage. Making the use of these by-products in order to reduce the environmental impact of the waste generated.","PeriodicalId":147546,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Research","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114681830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}