{"title":"“A Competence Which Should Be Used”","authors":"Cyrus C. M. Mody","doi":"10.5744/florida/9780813066202.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066202.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Cyrus Mody argues that NASA and Johnson Space Center experienced the 1970s through the paradox of “existential success.” The Apollo Program convinced other organizations that NASA engineers had “a competence which should be used,” and therefore hired those engineers away and/or tapped NASA’s expertise for their own organizational objectives. Meanwhile, the gap between Apollo and the space shuttle meant NASA had reasons to accede to such demands, and few political resources to resist them. As a result, the possibility emerged, if briefly, for NASA to re-orient its mission to the issues given currency by the civil rights movement: poverty (especially among ethnic minority communities), environmental justice, the urban dysfunctions created by white flight to the suburbs, etc. That that possibility soon disappeared, though, says much about the changing politics of race and civil rights in the 1980s and beyond.","PeriodicalId":147480,"journal":{"name":"NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127899825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Congressional Black Caucus and the Closure of NASA’s Satellite Tracking Station at Hartebeesthoek, South Africa","authors":"K. Snedegar","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.13","url":null,"abstract":"Keith Snedegar explores the impact of the civil rights movement on decisions related to NASA facilities outside the United States. Snedegar maintains that when Charles C. Diggs Jr., one of the founders of the Black Congressional Caucus, visited the NASA satellite tracking station at Hartesbeesthoek, South Africa, in 1971, he discovered a racially segregated facility where technical jobs were reserved for white employees and black Africans essentially performed menial labor. Upon his return to the United States, the Detroit congressman embarked on a two-year struggle, first to improve workplace equity at the tracking station, and later, for the closure of the facility. NASA administration under James Fletcher was largely indifferent to demands for change at the station. It was only after Representative Charles Rangel proposed a reduction in NASA appropriations did the agency announce plans to end its working relationship with the white minority regime of South Africa. NASA’s public statements suggested that a scientific rationale lay behind the station’s eventual closure in 1975, but this episode clearly indicates that NASA was acting only under political pressure, and its management remained largely insensitive to global issues of racial equality.","PeriodicalId":147480,"journal":{"name":"NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115433923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez and Guion Bluford:","authors":"Cathleen S. Lewis","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147480,"journal":{"name":"NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122715445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bringing the Moon to Mankind:","authors":"David Miguel Molina, P. Blount","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147480,"journal":{"name":"NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133190812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"List of Figures","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147480,"journal":{"name":"NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125619872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Petite Engineer Likes Math, Music”","authors":"Christina K. Roberts","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.16","url":null,"abstract":"Christina Roberts explores the perception that NASA performed poorly in hiring women during the long civil rights era, arguing that that argument is based on low recruitment numbers by comparison with many other federal agencies. Others blame NASA’s poor recruitment efforts on an entrenched white male corporate culture that resisted hiring women and minorities into the early 1970s. While not denying NASA difficulties in the area, Roberts argues that what is missing from the historiography is a discussion of gender including NASA’s actual public outreach efforts for equal employment opportunity for women scientists and engineers. Roberts contends that during the late 1950s to mid-1960s NASA sought to transmit a message that women such as Nancy Grace Roman were welcome to apply and would attain professional science and engineering careers at NASA.","PeriodicalId":147480,"journal":{"name":"NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement","volume":"2007 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125590172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction:","authors":"B. Odom","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147480,"journal":{"name":"NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134061510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Newest South:","authors":"B. Plummer","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147480,"journal":{"name":"NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116791366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accommodating the Forces of Change:","authors":"M. Downs","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147480,"journal":{"name":"NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128059547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conclusion:","authors":"J. Coopersmith","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvwvr33k.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":147480,"journal":{"name":"NASA and the Long Civil Rights Movement","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132326202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}