Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association最新文献

{"title":"Phase II, randomized, open-label, community-based trial to compare the safety and activity of combination therapy with recombinant interferon-alpha2b and zidovudine versus zidovudine alone in patients with asymptomatic to mildly symptomatic HIV infection. HIV Protocol C91-253 Study Team.","authors":"S E Krown,&nbsp;D Aeppli,&nbsp;H H Balfour","doi":"10.1097/00042560-199903010-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare, in a community-based therapeutic setting, the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of combination therapy with recombinant interferon-alpha2b (rIFN-alpha2b) and zidovudine (ZDV) to ZDV monotherapy.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Open-label, two-armed, randomized study.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic HIV-infected adults without an AIDS-defining illness, a CD4 count of 200 to 500 cells/microl, and < or = 6 months of prior ZDV therapy received ZDV 100 mg orally five times daily. Patients randomized to rIFN-alpha2b received 3 million IU subcutaneously three times weekly for 2 weeks and 5 million IU three times weekly thereafter. The groups were compared with respect to adverse events (AEs), dosing modifications, treatment discontinuation, clinical endpoints and changes in CD4 count. A virology substudy compared the treatments with respect to HIV viral load and development of ZDV resistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between October, 1991 and January, 1993, 139 patients were randomized to combination therapy and 117 to ZDV alone. Of AEs reported at any grade, fatigue, myalgias, and sweating occurred significantly more often with combination therapy (p < .001). Study subjects receiving combination therapy showed modest but significantly greater weight loss (p = .0001), a significantly higher frequency of any abnormal laboratory test result (p = .002), neutropenia (p = .002), and leukopenia (p = .02), and also required dosage reduction for hematologic toxicity significantly more often (p < .05) than those in the ZDV monotherapy arm. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups with respect to development of specific AIDS-defining events, overall event rate, time to events, or change in performance status or CD4+ counts, or percentages or development of ZDV resistance. Viral burden, reflected by serum p24 antigen and quantitative peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) microcultures, was greater at baseline in the combination therapy group. Baseline SI phenotype predicted progression to AIDS (p = .004, chi2), whereas intermediate susceptibility to ZDV predicted development of ZDV resistance (p < .005, chi2). The annual rate of development of phenotypic resistance to ZDV was 16.8% and was not affected by administration of rIFN-alpha2b.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At the doses and schedule used in this study, the combination of ZDV with rIFN-alpha2b was not therapeutically superior to ZDV alone and was less well tolerated. The addition of rIFN-alpha2b to ZDV did not prevent or delay the development of ZDV resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14731,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association","volume":"20 3","pages":"245-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20950125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct comparison of time to AIDS and infectious disease death between HIV seroconverter injection drug users in Italy and the United States: results from the ALIVE and ISS studies. AIDS Link to Intravenous Experiences. Italian Seroconversion Study.","authors":"P Pezzotti,&nbsp;N Galai,&nbsp;D Vlahov,&nbsp;G Rezza,&nbsp;C M Lyles,&nbsp;J Astemborski","doi":"10.1097/00042560-199903010-00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the rate of HIV disease progression in a sample of polydrug injectors (AIDS Link to Intravenous Experiences [ALIVE] study) with that in a sample of predominantly opiate injectors (Italian Seroconversion Study [ISS]).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort studies of HIV-positive individuals whose date of seroconversion (SC) is known with a good degree of precision. The ALIVE study involves a community-based cohort of injection drug users (IDU) in the United States and the ISS reports on a clinic-based cohort of seroconverters in Italy with different exposure modalities to HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the two cohorts were combined. The date of SC was estimated as the midpoint in time between the last negative and the first positive HIV test. Time-to-event (i.e., AIDS or death from an infectious disease) statistical methods were used. Relative hazards (RH) of progression to event were adjusted by age at SC, gender, and year of SC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1003 IDUs (251 from ALIVE and 752 from ISS), 226 progressed to AIDS, and 146 died after AIDS or from an infectious disease; of these, 10 were without an AIDS diagnosis. The two groups of IDUs differed in terms of age at SC (median, 35 years for ALIVE and 25 years for ISS), proportion of women (24% versus 31%), race (7.6% versus 100% white), and year of seroconversion (i.e., ISS participants seroconverted, on average, earlier than ALIVE participants). Although the univariate analysis suggested possible differences for progression to AIDS, or to death from infectious disease between cohorts, multivariate analyses that adjusted for age showed no significant differences by cohort, gender, race, or time of seroconversion. The median time to AIDS for 25-year-old persons was 12.3 years for ALIVE and 11.8 years for ISS; for 35-year-old persons, it was 8.5 and 8.2 years, respectively. These estimates were similar to those for non-IDUs observed in the ISS and to those from large cohort of homosexual men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results confirm the importance of accounting for age when considering the incubation period for HIV infection. Despite differences in drug use characteristics, the similar median times to AIDS, for each age, between the two cohorts of IDUs and between the IDUs and the non-IDUs suggest a negligible effect of injection drug use on HIV progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":14731,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association","volume":"20 3","pages":"275-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20950572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of discontinuation of highly active antiretroviral combination therapy (HAART) and its determinants.","authors":"E N van Roon,&nbsp;J M Verzijl,&nbsp;J R Juttmann,&nbsp;A W Lenderink,&nbsp;M J Blans,&nbsp;A C Egberts","doi":"10.1097/00042560-199903010-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the incidence and determinants for discontinuation of initial highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>In this retrospective follow-up study from hospital files and pharmacy dispensing data, a standard dataset was collected including patient characteristics, therapy characteristics, and HIV-monitoring parameters (e.g., CD4+ lymphocyte counts, viral load determinations). Kaplan-Meier estimates of the cumulative probability of discontinuation of initial HAART were calculated. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to identify determinants for discontinuation of initial HAART.</p><p><strong>Patients: </strong>All patients starting HAART (n = 99) during June 1996 to February 1997 at our regional AIDS center.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Incidence and determinants for discontinuation of HAART.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the mean follow-up of 450+/-10 days, 27 patients switched initial HAART, 3 patients stopped any antiretroviral therapy. Reasons for switching were increasing viral load (18x), insufficient decrease of viral load (3x), and adverse events (6x). Nonnaivete for antiretroviral therapy and a lower CD4+ lymphocyte count at start were identified as determinants for discontinuation of initial HAART.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall incidence density for discontinuation of initial HAART was 25 per 100 patients/year. The main reason for switching was an increasing viral load. CD4+ lymphocyte counts at start and nonnaivete for antiretroviral therapy were identified as determinants for discontinuation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14731,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association","volume":"20 3","pages":"290-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20950574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Few clues for AIDS vaccines from structural data on gp120 and its receptors and antibodies.","authors":"H Kohler,&nbsp;S Muller,&nbsp;M Schiffer,&nbsp;P L Nara","doi":"10.1097/00042560-199903010-00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14731,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association","volume":"20 3","pages":"315-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20950021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies of body composition and fat distribution in HIV-infected and control subjects.","authors":"D P Kotler,&nbsp;K Rosenbaum,&nbsp;J Wang,&nbsp;R N Pierson","doi":"10.1097/00042560-199903010-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recent studies have documented alterations in body fat distribution that have been associated with protease inhibitor therapy. We compared body composition, including measurements of fat distribution, in 96 HIV-infected subjects studied since January 1996 (current HIV), subjects seen prior to January 1996 (previous HIV), and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective cross-sectional studies of subjects matched by gender, race, age, and height.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Body weight, height, body cell mass by whole-body counting of 40K plus fat, fat-free mass, and body fat distribution by anthropometry were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current HIV men weighed more (p = .025) and had more body cell mass than previous HIV men, but less than controls (p < .001). In women, the between group differences in fat were greater than the differences in body cell mass. Current and previous HIV study subjects had lower indices of subcutaneous and higher indices of visceral fat than controls. In current HIV subjects, body fat distribution was significantly associated with log plasma HIV RNA content but not with antiretroviral or protease inhibitor usage, nor with CD4+ lymphocyte counts. In 7 of 9 current HIV subjects studied, 24-hour urinary free cortisol excretion was abnormally high.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alterations in body fat distribution are a characteristic feature in HIV infection. The occurrence of increased visceral fat content and decreased subcutaneous fat content preceded the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. The alteration in fat distribution may be affected by plasma HIV RNA content rather than antiretroviral or protease-inhibitor therapy. The body composition alterations might be associated with endogenous hypercortisolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":14731,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association","volume":"20 3","pages":"228-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20950123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of tuberculosis on the body composition of HIV-infected men in Brazil.","authors":"N I Paton,&nbsp;L R Castello-Branco,&nbsp;G Jennings,&nbsp;M B Ortigao-de-Sampaio,&nbsp;M Elia,&nbsp;S Costa,&nbsp;G E Griffin","doi":"10.1097/00042560-199903010-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is the commonest HIV-related opportunistic infection in many developing countries and is thought to be a frequent underlying cause of HIV-associated wasting. We have used reference water dilution methods to examine the body composition changes associated with TB and to assess the severity and pattern of wasting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted at a charitable support house for poor and homeless HIV-infected people in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Male patients who were HIV-positive and receiving treatment for active TB (HIVTB+) and HIV-infected controls without TB (HIVTB-) were studied. Total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were measured by giving oral doses of deuterium oxide and sodium bromide, respectively, and determining enrichment in plasma after 4 hours. Intracellular water (ICW), body cell mass (BCM), lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass were calculated from these parameters using standard equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HIVTB+ (n = 11) and HIVTB- (n = 12) groups were similar in age, height, CD4 count and HIV risk factors. HIVTB+ men had significantly lower mean ICW (13.2 versus 16.6 kg; p = .02) and BCM (18.4 versus 23.0 kg; p = .02), a relative expansion of ECW (35.0 versus 30.0 L/kg body weight; p = .04), and small and nonsignificant reductions in total body weight (58.0 versus 62.1 kg; p = .26), LBM (45.5 versus 47.7 kg; p = .33) and fat mass (12.5 versus 14.4 kg; p = .51) compared with HIVTB- controls. BCM in the HIVTB+ group was similar to reference values for severe malnutrition. The relative depletion of BCM appeared excessive in comparison with reference values for uncomplicated starvation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nutritional status of HIVTB+ patients was significantly worse than HIVTB- patients. Body weight and LBM underestimated the nutritional deficit, and measurement of BCM is therefore necessary to appreciate the extent of malnutrition in such patients. Malnutrition in HIVTB+ patients is severe and may therefore contribute to decreased survival. Hypermetabolism appears to play a role in the wasting process in patients coinfected with HIV and TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":14731,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association","volume":"20 3","pages":"265-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00042560-199903010-00008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20950570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary subtype C HIV-1 infection in Harare, Zimbabwe.","authors":"P C Tien,&nbsp;T Chiu,&nbsp;A Latif,&nbsp;S Ray,&nbsp;M Batra,&nbsp;C H Contag,&nbsp;L Zejena,&nbsp;M Mbizvo,&nbsp;E L Delwart,&nbsp;J I Mullins,&nbsp;D A Katzenstein","doi":"10.1097/00042560-199902010-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199902010-00006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 is widespread in Southern Africa. Heteroduplex mobility assays (HMA) and phylogenetic analyses of V3-V5 envelope (env) gene sequences demonstrate that subtype C predominates in Zimbabwe. To elucidate factors contributing to the epidemic in Zimbabwe, clinical and virologic characteristics of recently acquired subtype C HIV-1 infection among 21 men and 1 woman were determined. In 12 of 19 men providing clinical histories, a sexually transmitted infection preceded serologic evidence of HIV-1, and 14 of 19 men complained of rash or fever before seroconversion. Quantitative p24 antigen levels, reverse transcriptase activity, and HIV RNA levels of 22 viral isolates correlated with in vitro infectivity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p < .05). Biologic phenotype assessed in MT-2 cells demonstrated that 3 of 22 isolates (14%) were syncytia inducing (SI) and the remaining 19 nonsyncytium inducing (NSI). Early growth of virus in culture was associated with increased plasma HIV RNA levels, decreased CD4 cell levels, and SI virus. Recent subtype C HIV-1 infection through heterosexual transmission in Zimbabwe demonstrated clinical and virologic features consistent with reports of seroconversion to subtype B viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14731,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association","volume":"20 2","pages":"147-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00042560-199902010-00006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20923043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors related to the willingness of young gay men to participate in preventive HIV vaccine trials.","authors":"R B Hays,&nbsp;S M Kegeles","doi":"10.1097/00042560-199902010-00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199902010-00009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given their high seroincidence, young gay men will be targeted for recruitment into HIV vaccine trials but many challenges stand in the way of enlisting their cooperation. This study examined factors associated with young gay men's willingness to participate in vaccine trials and identified reasons for agreeing or not agreeing to participate. The data come from the Young Men's Survey, a cohort of western U.S. young gay men aged 18 to 29 years, surveyed using mail-back questionnaires. Participants who reported being HIV-negative or who had not been tested for HIV (n = 390) were asked to rate their desire to be given an HIV vaccine and their degree of willingness to participate in a vaccine trial. They also responded to open-ended questions regarding their reasons for participating or not participating. Of these respondents, 91% wanted to be given an HIV vaccine, yet many had serious reservations about participating in a vaccine trial. Men who had engaged in HIV risk behavior reported greater willingness to participate. The most common reasons for wanting to participate were desires to contribute to ending the AIDS epidemic and desire to help others; however, fears for one's own health and safety made many reluctant to participate.</p>","PeriodicalId":14731,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association","volume":"20 2","pages":"164-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00042560-199902010-00009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20923046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV seroprevalence and risk factors among clients of female and male prostitutes.","authors":"K W Elifson,&nbsp;J Boles,&nbsp;W W Darrow,&nbsp;C E Sterk","doi":"10.1097/00042560-199902010-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199902010-00013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To document the HIV and STD infection rates among clients of female (CFP) and clients of male prostitutes (CMP) and to identify the risk factors for HIV among CFP and CMP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Structured interviews were conducted with 82 CMP and 69 CFP in 1990 and 1991 in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. Blood samples were tested for HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HIV-positive rate was 36.6% among CMP and 2.9% among CFP. Syphilis seromarkers were found in 15.9% of CMP and 10.1% of CFP; hepatitis B seromarkers were identified in 58.0% of CMP and 24.6% of CFP. Key risk factors for HIV among CMP included serologic history of syphilis, serologic history of hepatitis B, receptive anal sex with a male prostitute, ever injecting drugs, ever using crack cocaine, and little education. CFP had no significant risk factors for HIV in the logistic analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several studies have focused on risk factors for HIV among female and male prostitutes; however, research on their clients has been limited. Although HIV infection rates among CFP are relatively low, their infection rate for syphilis and hepatitis warrants serious health education efforts. Even more critical are harm-reduction programs targeting CMP. Generic health and HIV risk reduction messages on heterosexual transmission might be insufficient.</p>","PeriodicalId":14731,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association","volume":"20 2","pages":"195-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00042560-199902010-00013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20923050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence for differences in MT2 cell tropism according to genetic subtypes of HIV-1: syncytium-inducing variants seem rare among subtype C HIV-1 viruses.","authors":"M Peeters,&nbsp;R Vincent,&nbsp;J L Perret,&nbsp;M Lasky,&nbsp;D Patrel,&nbsp;F Liegeois,&nbsp;V Courgnaud,&nbsp;R Seng,&nbsp;T Matton,&nbsp;S Molinier,&nbsp;E Delaporte","doi":"10.1097/00042560-199902010-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199902010-00002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) variants seem to be more readily transmitted than syncytium-inducing (SI) variants, and the switch from NSI to SI during HIV-1 infection seems to be a key determinant to the evolution of AIDS. We investigated eventual differences in the SI capacity on MT-2 cells according to genetic subtypes of HIV-1 and correlated this observations with CD4 counts and duration of HIV infection. In total, 86 patients, most with known date of HIV contamination and infected with different genetic subtypes, have been studied: 11 subtype A, 46 subtype B, 22 subtype C, and 7 subtype E. Multivariate analysis used a Cox's proportional hazards regression. The number and percentage of patients infected with an SI strain were as follows: 3 of 11 (27%) for subtype A, 15 of 46 (33%) for subtype B, 0 of 22 (0%) for subtype C, and 5 of 7 (71%) for subtype E. After adjustment for time after seroconversion and CD4 counts, significantly fewer SI variants were observed in patients infected with subtype C (p < .002) and it was found that subjects infected with subtype E had a higher risk of being infected with an SI strain (rate ratio [RR] = 12.39%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55-98.67; p < .001). Most of the subtype E-infected patients from our study switched from an NSI to SI phenotype early after seroconversion (<4 years). To predict the in vitro presence of SI variants, we scanned V3-loop sequences for mutations at positions 11 and/or 25. Overall, 54 of 55 (98.2%) NSI strains in vitro were predicted NSI, and only 4 of 12 (33.3%) of SI viruses were predicted SI. For patients in whom a switch from an NSI to an SI virus was observed, the SI phenotype could be detected earlier in vitro than by the corresponding V3-loop sequence. No SI strains were observed among patients infected with subtype C; however, longer follow-up is needed to see whether the appearance of SI variants in subtype E or the absence of SI variants in subtype C-infected patients is also associated respectively with a faster or slower progression to AIDS as described for subtype B.</p>","PeriodicalId":14731,"journal":{"name":"Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology : official publication of the International Retrovirology Association","volume":"20 2","pages":"115-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00042560-199902010-00002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20923762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}